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EspañolLIST OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE UNITED STATES
This 'list of political parties in the United States' contains past and present political parties in the United States.
Introduction
Political parties are not mentioned in the U.S. Constitution. Parties are regulated by the laws and constitutions of the individual states, which organize elections to both local and federal offices. No laws limit the ''number'' of political parties that may operate, so it is theoretically a multi-party system. However, since the Civil War (1864), the country has had a ''de facto'' two-party system, with occasional inlets made by third parties. This is largely a consequence of the first-past-the-post election system and restrictive ballot access laws imposed on the other political parties, as well as the leadership rules in Congress. There are and have been many political parties other than the two dominant ones (the Republican Party and the Democratic Party), but most are generally considered to be of only limited and temporary political significance.
Categorizing U.S. political parties
The political parties are in four categories below, "Current largest parties", "Other current national parties that have endorsed candidates", "Current regional parties that have endorsed candidates" and "Political parties in U.S. history".
An alternate means for categorizing U.S. political parties, historically and currently, is to apply the Federal Election Commission's definition of "national committees" retroactively in time to the beginning of the U.S. To see such a list, see Richard Winger's article in the ''Election Law Journal'', April 2006 (Vol. 5 no. 2), which can be read on-line. Within that article, the list of parties is in Appendix A.
''Year is when founded. Order of current parties is alphabetical.''
Current largest parties
Each of these had ballot status for its presidential candidate in states with enough electoral votes for President of the United States to have had a chance of winning the 2004 presidential election--or has done likewise for the 2008 presidential election.
Other current national parties (that have endorsed candidates)
These parties want to organize nationally, but did not in 2004 (and do not for 2008) have ballot status in enough states to win the presidency normally. Some do not have presidential candidates, but for other offices only.
★ American Centrist Party
★ America First Party (2002)
★ American Fascist Party
★ American Heritage Party (2000)
★ American Independent Party (1968)
★ American Party (1969)
★ American Patriot Party (2003)
★ American Reform Party (1997)
★ Centrist Party (United States) (2006)
★ Christian Freedom Party (2004)
★ Christian Falangist Party of America (1985)
★ Citizens For Reform Party (2005)
★ Commonwealth Party
★ Communist Party USA (1919)
★ Expansionist Party
★ Freedom Road Socialist Organization (1985)
★ Independent American Party (1998)
★ Jefferson Republican Party
★ Labor Party (1995)
★ Marijuana Party (2002)
★ National Nihilist Party (1988)
★ National Socialist Movement (1974)
★ New American Independent Party (2004)
★ New Union Party (1974)
★ Peace and Freedom Party (1967)
★ Pacifist Party of America (2007)
★ Personal Choice Party (1997)
★ Populist Party of America (2002)
★ United Fascist Union (1996)
★ Prohibition Party (1867)
★ Reform Party of the United States of America (1995)
★ Socialist Action (1983)
★ Socialist Alternative (1986)
★ Socialist Equality Party (1953)
★ Socialist Labor Party (1876)
★ Socialist Party USA (1973)
★ Socialist Workers Party (1938)
★ United Citizens Party (1969)
★ Workers Party, USA
★ Workers World Party (1959)
★ Working Families Party (1998)
★ World Socialist Party of the United States (1916)
''For more parties, including parties which have yet to endorse candidates, see at bottom (below): "See also", "Other lists", and "External links", such as "Directory of U.S. Political Parties".''
Current regional parties (that have endorsed candidates)
Few, if any, of these parties have had (or have) presidential candidates. The years are when they were founded.
★ Alaskan Independence Party (1984)
★ Aloha Aina Party
★ Charter Party of Cincinnati, Ohio (1924)
★ Connecticut for Lieberman Party (2006)
★ Conservative Party of New York (1962)
★ Covenant Party (Northern Mariana Islands)
★ Independence Party of Minnesota (1992)
★ Independence Party of New York (1991)
★ Independent Citizens Movement (US Virgin Islands)
★ Liberal Party of Minnesota
★ Liberal Party of New York (1944)
★ Liberty Union Party (Vermont) (1970)
★ Marijuana Reform Party (New York) (1997)
★ New Progressive Party of Puerto Rico (1967)
★ New York State Right to Life Party (1970)
★ Popular Democratic Party of Puerto Rico (1938)
★ Populist Party of Maryland (Nader 2004 - affiliated, unrelated to earlier so-named parties)
★ Progressive Party of Washington (1912-1960 and 2003-present)
★ Puerto Rican Independence Party (1946)
★ Republican Moderate Party of Alaska (1986)
★ Southern Party (1999)
★ Southern Independence Party
★ The Centre Party (Florida) (2007)
★ United Party (Idaho) (2005)
★ Vermont Progressive Party (1999)
Political parties in U.S. history
:''Most of the following parties are no longer functioning. Some of them had considerable influence. In order of founding.''
★ Federalist Party (c.1789–c.1820)
★ Democratic-Republican Party (1792–c.1824)
★ Anti-Masonic Party (1826–1838)
★ National Republican Party (1829–1833)
★ Nullifier Party (1830–1839)
★ Whig Party (1832–1856)
★ Liberty Party (1840–1848)
★ Free Soil Party (1848–1855)
★ Anti-Nebraska Party (1854)
★ American Party (“Know-Nothings”) (c.1854–1858)
★ Opposition Party (1854–1858)
★ Constitutional Union Party (1860)
★ National Union Party, (1864–1868)
★ Liberal Republican Party (1872)
★ Greenback Party (1874–1884)
★ Anti-Monopoly Party (1884)
★ Populist Party (1892–1908)
★ National Democratic Party/Gold Democrats (1896–1900)
★ Social Democratic Party (1900–1901)
★ Home Rule Party of Hawaii (created to serve the native Hawaiian agenda in the state legislature and U.S. Congress) (1900–1912)
★ Socialist Party of America (1901–1973)
★ Progressive Party 1912 (“Bull Moose Party”) (1912–1914)
★ Non-Partisan League (Not a party in the technical sense) (1915–1956)
★ Farmer-Labor Party (1918–1944)
★ Progressive Party 1924 (1924)
★ Communist League of America (1928–1934)
★ American Workers Party (1933–1934)
★ Workers Party of the United States (1934–1938)
★ Union Party (1936)
★ American Labor Party (1936–1956)
★ America First Party (1944) (1944–1996)
★ States' Rights Democratic Party (“Dixiecrats”) (1948)
★ Progressive Party 1948 (1948–1955)
★ Vegetarian Party (1948–1964)
★ Constitution Party (United States 50s) (1952–1968?)
★ Puerto Rican Socialist Party (1959–1993)
★ Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (1964)
★ Communist Workers Party (1969–1985)
★ People's Party (1971–1976)
★ U.S. Labor Party (1975–1979)
★ Citizens Party (1979–1984)
★ New Alliance Party (1979–1992)
★ Populist Party of 1980s-1990s (1984–1994)
★ Looking Back Party (1984–1996)
★ Grassroots Party (1986–2004)
★ Independent Party of Utah (1988–1996)
★ Greens/Green Party USA (1991–2005)
★ New Party (1992 – 1998)
★ Natural Law Party (1992–2004)
★ Mountain Party (2000-2007) Become the West Virginia affiliate of the Green Party July 16, 2007 [1]
See also
★ Current political party strength in U.S. states
★ Party system
★ Two-party system
Other lists
★ List of state Constitution Parties in the U.S.
★ List of state Green Parties in the U.S.
★ List of state Libertarian Parties in the U.S.
★ List of political parties to browse parties by country
★ List of political parties by ideology to browse parties by name
★ Membership of internationals to browse parties by membership of internationals
★ List of political parties in Puerto Rico
★ List of frivolous political parties
External links
★ Party Links
★ Political Parties on the Web
★ Political Parties Timeline
★ Ballot Access News
Further reading
★ Third Parties in American Politics, , Howard P., Jr., Nash, , 1959,
★ The Encyclopedia of Third Parties in America, , Immanuel, Ness, Sharpe Reference, c2000, ISBN 0-7656-8020-3
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