This is a 'list of state leaders by date', showing current
Heads of State and
Heads of Government where different, ordered by the date they assumed the office.
States where Head of State differs from Head of Government are mainly
parliamentary systems. Often a leader holds both positions in
presidential systems or
dictatorships. Some states have
semi-presidential systems where the Head of Government role is fulfilled by both the listed Head of Government and the Head of State.
Kings and other sovereigns usually do not have or do not use a family name. The names given here in parentheses are the name of their house or dynasty, in the common English form. European monarchs have their
regnal name followed by a number. This custom can be used to a certain extent only for non-European monarchs who are not the first of their regnal name.
The list contains approximately 350 people.
List of state leaders by date of assuming office
'1940–1969'
'1970–1979'
'1980–1989'
'1990–1995'
'1996–1999'
'2000'
'2001'
'2002'
'2003'
'2004'
'2005'
'2006'
'2007'
References
1. Rangsit (Chakri) was Prince-Regent from 16 June 1946-05 May 1950 and Sirikit (Chakri) was Queen-Regent from 22 October 1956–07 December 1956.
2. Windsor was previously Queen of Ceylon from 06 February 1952–22 May 1972, Queen of Pakistan from 06 February 1952–23 March 1956, Queen of South Africa from 06 February 1952–31 May 1961, Queen of Ghana from 06 March 1957–28 April 1960, Queen of Nigeria from 01 October 1960–01 October 1963, Queen of Sierra Leone from 27 April 1961–19 April 1971, Queen of Tanganyika from 09 December 1961–09 June 1962, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago from 31 August 1962–01 August 1976, Queen of Uganda from 09 October 1962–01 September 1967, Queen of Kenya from 12 December 1963–12 December 1964, Queen of Malawi from 06 July 1964–06 July 1966, Queen of Malta from 21 September 1964–13 December 1974, Queen of Gambia from 18 February 1965–24 April 1970, Queen of Guyana from 26 May 1966–23 February 1972, Queen of Mauritius from 12 March 1968–12 March 1992 and Queen of Fiji from 10 October 1970–15 October 1987.
3. Raúl Castro has been Acting President since 31 July 2006.
4. Al-Gaddafi is the de facto Head of State.
5. Bolkiah began his term as Sultan in October 5 1967, but it did not become a sovereign state until January 1 1984.
6. Alois (Liechtenstein) has been Prince-Regent since 15 August 2004.
7. ''Akihito'' is not his regnal name. According to Japanese customs, his regnal name will be ''Heisei'' after his death only. His status is officially defined as "Symbol of State" and not as "Head of State".
8. Abdullah Saleh was previously President of North Yemen from July 18 1978–May 22 1990.
9. Oldenburg was previously Prince-Regent in 1958 and 01 June 1990–17 January 1991. Haakon was Prince-Regent from 25 November 2003–13 April 2004 and 26 March 2005–07 June 2005.
10. The State Peace and Development Council was formerly the State Law and Order Restoration Council from 18 September 1988–15 November 1997.
11. Muhammad az-Zentani is the nominal Head of State.
12. The late Kim Il-sung has been designated "Eternal President of North Korea" and the post of President has not been filled since his death on 08 July 1994. The post of Chairman of the National Defence Commission was declared "the highest post of the state" on 05 September 1998.
13. The Swiss Federal Council is a collective seven-member Head of State. The President of the Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
14. Saud was Prince-Regent from 01 January 1996–01 August 2005.
15. Sassou Nguesso was previously President from 08 February 1979–31 August 1992.
16. Tejan Kabbah was previously President from 29 March 1996–25 May 1997.
17. Performing ceremonial Head of State functions only.
18. Putin was Acting President from 31 December 1999–07 May 2000.
19. Hinds previously was Prime Minister from 09 October 1992–17 March 1997 and 22 December 1997–09 August 1999 and President from 06 March 1997–19 December 1997.
20. Mesić was previously Prime Minister from 30 May 1990–24 August 1990.
21. Dick Cheney was Acting President on 29 June 2002.
22. Pires was previously Prime Minister from 08 July 1975–04 April 1981.
23. Manning was previously Prime Minister from 17 December 1991–09 November 1995.
24. Chávez was previously President from 02 February 1999–11 April 2002.
25. Somare was previously Prime Minister from 16 September 1975–11 March 1980 and from 02 August 1982–21 November 1985.
26. Klaus was previously Prime Minister from 01 January 1993–17 December 1997.
27. De Menezes was previously President from 03 September 2001–16 July 2003.
28. Jugnauth was previously Prime Minister from 12 March 1992–22 December 1995 and 17 September 2000–30 September 2003.
29. Aliyev was previously Prime Minister from 04 August 2003–04 November 2003.
30. Rasizade was Prime Minister from 20 July 1996–04 August 2003.
31. Fenech Adami was previously Prime Minister 12 May 1987–28 October 1996 and 06 September 1998–23 March 2004.
32. Crvenkovski was previously Prime Minister from August 17 1992–November 30 1998 and November 01 2002–May 12 2004.
33. Gašparovič was previously Acting President from 02 March 1998–30 October 1998.
34. Scotty was previously President from 29 May 2003–08 August 2003.
35. Adamkus was previously President from 26 February 1998–28 February 2003.
36. Liechtenstein is the Prince-Regent for Hans-Adam II (Liechtenstein).
37. Fernández was previously President from 16 August 1996–16 August 2000.
38. Thein Sein has been Acting Prime Minister since 18 May 2007.
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