LIST OF SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITH OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS


This is a 'list of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations'.
An ocular manifestation of a systemic disease is an eye condition that directly or indirectly results from a disease process another part of the body. There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes, for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20-74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more. Other diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hypertension are commonly found to have associated ocular symptoms.

Contents
Systemic allergic diseases
Skin and mucous membrane diseases
Phacomatoses
Collagen diseases
Systemic viral infections
Systemic bacterial infections
Systemic protozoal infections
Systemic fungal infections
Systemic cestode and nematode infections
Chromosomal disorders
Hematologic diseases
Cardiovascular diseases
Endocrine diseases
Gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders
Metabolic disorders
Musculoskeletal disease
Pulmonary diseases
Renal disease
Neoplastic diseases with ocular metastases
References

Systemic allergic diseases



Atopic dermatitis

Atopic eczema

Hay fever

Asthma

Urticaria

Vernal conjunctivitis

Skin and mucous membrane diseases



Acne rosacea

Albinism

Atopic dermatitis

Behçet's disease

Cicatricial pemphigoid

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Epidermolysis bullosa

Erythema multiforme

Goltz-Gorlin syndrome

Ichthyosis

Incontinentia pigmenti

Nevus of Ota

Pemphigus

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum

Psoriasis

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (Erythema multiforme major)

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome

Xeroderma pigmentosum

Phacomatoses



Angiomatosis retinae (Von Hippel-Lindau disease) (Retinocerebellar Capillary Hemangiomatosis)

Ataxia telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syndrome)

Encephalotrigeminal angiomatosis (Sturge-Weber syndrome) (Encephalofacial Cavernous Hemangiomatosis)

Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)

Tuberous sclerosis (Bourneville's syndrome)

Wyburn-Mason syndrome (Racemose Hemangiomatosis)

Collagen diseases



Ankylosing spondylitis

Dermatomyositis

Periarteritis nodosa

Reiter's syndrome

Rheumatoid arthritis

Sarcoidosis

Scleroderma

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Temporal arteritis

Wegener's granulomatosis (50-60% have ophthalmologic manifestations, which can be a presenting feature in a minority of patients. Orbital disease is the most common manifestation, and may result in proptosis, restrictive ophthalmopathy, chronic orbital pain, and in chronic cases, orbital retraction syndrome and intractable socket pain. Wegener's may also cause injury to the optic nerve, ophthalmoplegia, conjunctivitis, keratitis, scleritis, episcleritis, dacrocystitis, nasolacrimnal duct obstruction, dacroadenitis, uveitis, and retinal vasculitis.

Systemic viral infections



Varicella (chickenpox)

Rubeola (measles)

Rubella (German measles)

Variola (smallpox)

Vaccinia

Herpes simplex

Herpes zoster

Mumps

Infectious mononucleosis

Influenza

Cytomegalic inclusion disease

Pharyngoconjunctival fever (adenovirus 3)

Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (adenovirus 8)

Human immunodeficiency virus (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)

Systemic bacterial infections



Gonorrhea (ophthalmia neonatorum)

Brucellosis

Diphtheria

Lyme disease

Septicemia bacterial metastatic endophthalmitis

Tularemia

Leprosy (Hansen's disease)

Tuberculosis

Syphilis

Systemic protozoal infections



Lymphogranuloma venereum (chlamydial)

Inclusion conjunctivitis (chlamydial)

Malaria

Toxoplasmosis

Systemic fungal infections



★ '' Candida albicans''

Histoplasmosis

Coccidioidomycosis

★ ''Cryptococcus''

Metastatic fungal endophthalmitis

★ ''Actinomyces''

★ ''Streptothrix''

Systemic cestode and nematode infections



Cysticercosis (tapeworm)

Echinococcosis (hydatid cyst)

Toxocariasis (''Toxocara'')

Trichinosis (''Trichinella'')

Onchocerciasis

Loiasis (''Loa loa'')

Chromosomal disorders



Cri-du chat syndrome

Schmid-Fraccaro syndrome

Turner's syndrome

Ring-D chromosome

Monosomy-G syndrome

Trisomy 13 (Patau's syndrome, D-syndrome)

Trisomy 18 (Edwards' syndrome, E-syndrome)

Trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome, mongolism)

★ Deletion of long arm of chromosome 18

★ Deletion of chromosome 18

Hematologic diseases



Anemia

Leukemia

Lymphoma

Multiple myeloma

Polycythemia vera

Sickle cell disease

Thalassemia

Thrombocytopenia

Waldenström macroglobulinemia

Cardiovascular diseases



Cardiovascular diseases
:
Arteriosclerosis
:
Hypertension
:
Pre-eclampsia (Toxemia of pregnancy)

Occlusive vascular disease (sudden)
:
Emboli and thrombi
:
Central retinal artery occlusion
:
Cardiac myxoma
:
Cranial arteritis
:
Sickle cell attack

Occlusive vascular disease (slow, progressive)
:
Carotid artery disease
:
Arterial spasm (TIA)
:
Diabetes mellitus
:
Collagen diseases

Venous occlusive disease
:
Thrombosis
:
★ Use of hormonal contraception

Endocarditis

Myxoma

Aortic arch syndrome (Takayasu)

Pre-eclampsia (Toxemia of pregnancy)

Thromboangiitis obliternas

Hereditary telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome)

Endocrine diseases



Cushing's disease

Addison's disease

Diabetes mellitus

Hyperparathyroidism

Hypoparathyroidism

Hyperthyroidism

Hypothyroidism

Gastrointestinal and nutritional disorders



Alcoholism

Crohn's disease

Liver disease

Malnutrition

Peptic ulcer disease

Pancreatic disease

Regional enteritis or ulcerative colitis

Vitamin A deficiency

Vitamin B deficiency

Vitamin C deficiency

Hypervitaminosis A, B, and D

Whipple's disease

Metabolic disorders



Albinism

Alkaptonuria

Amyloidosis

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Cystinosis

Fabry's disease

Galactosemia

Gaucher's disease

Gout

Hemochromatosis

Histiocytosis

Homocystinuria

Lipidoses

Marfan's syndrome

Marchesani's syndrome

Mucopolysaccharidosis

Niemann-Pick disease

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Wilson's disease

Musculoskeletal disease



Albright's disease (fibrous dysplasia of bone)

Apert's disease

Conradi's syndrome

Craniofacial syndromes

Facial deformity syndromes

Muscular dystrophy disorders

Myasthenia gravis

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Paget's disease

Pulmonary diseases



Asthma

Bronchiogenic carcinoma

Bronchiectasis

Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas

Emphysema

Pneumonias

Tuberculosis

Renal disease



Alport's syndrome

Azotemia (acute and chronic pyelonephritis)

Lowe's syndrome

Medullary cystic disease

Nephrotic syndrome (acute glomerulonephritis, diabetic kidney, system lupus erythematosus)

Renal transplantation

Wilms' tumor (nephroblastoma)

Neoplastic diseases with ocular metastases



Carcinoma and sites of primary lesions

Blood
:
Leukemia
:
Lymphoma

Breast

Colon

Kidney

Lung

Genital organs
:
Ovary or cervix
:
Testis or prostate

Skin
:
Melanoma

Gut
:
Stomach
:
Pancreas

Thyroid

References



★ Pavan-Langston, Deborah (1990). ''Manual of Ocular Diagnosis and Therapy.'' Little, Brown and Company.

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