HEPATO-BILIARY DISEASES

(Redirected from Liver disease)
=Liver diseases=

Contents

Viral hepatitis

Liver dysfunction in other infectious diseases

Other inflammatory liver diseases

Alcoholic liver disease

Toxic liver disease

Liver tumours

End-stage liver disease

Metabolic diseases

Vascular disorders

Cysts

Others

Viral hepatitis

★ Acute hepatitis A

★ Acute hepatitis B

★ Acute Hepatitis D -this is actually a superinfection with the delta-agent in a patient already infected with hepatitis B

★ Acute hepatitis C

★ Acute hepatitis E

★ Chronic viral hepatitis

★ Other viral hepatitis virusses may exist but are not so firmly established as the previous ones: hepatitis G.

Liver dysfunction in other infectious diseases

★ Hepatitis:

★
★ cytomegalovirus infection

★
★ herpesviral: herpes simplex infection

★ Toxoplasmosis

★ Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis

★ Portal hypertension in schistosomiasis

★ Liver disease in syphilis

★ Epstein-Barr virus infection

★ yellow fever virus infection

★ rubella virus infection

★ leptospirosis

★ Echinococcosis

★ Amoebiasis

Other inflammatory liver diseases

★ liver abscess

★ autoimmune hepatitis

★ phlebitis of the portal vein

★ granulomatous hepatitis

★ Hepatic granulomas in:

★
★ berylliosis

★
★ sarcoidosis

Alcoholic liver disease

This may cause fatty liver, hepatitis, fibrosis and sclerosis leading to cirrhosis and finally hepatic failure.

Toxic liver disease

This includes mostly drug-induced hepatotoxicity, which may generate many different patterns over liver disease, including

★ cholestasis

★ necrosis

★ acute hepatitis and chronic hepatitis of different forms,

★ cirrhosis

★ Effects of Acetaminophen (Tylenol)

★ other rare disorders like focal nodular hyperplasia, hepatic granulomas, peliosis hepatis and veno-occlusive disease.
Liver damage is part of Reye's syndrome.

Liver tumours

Malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts. The most frequent forms are metastatic malignant neoplasm of liver)

★ liver cell carcinoma

★
★ hepatocellular carcinoma

★
★ hepatoma

★ cholangiocarcinoma

★ hepatoblastoma

★ angiosarcoma of liver

★ Kupffer cell sarcoma

★ other sarcomas of liver
Benign neoplasm of liver include hepatic hemangiomas, hepatic adenomas, and focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH).

End-stage liver disease

Chronic liver diseases like chronic hepatitis, chronic alcohol abuse or chronic toxic liver disease may cause

★ hepatic failure and hepatorenal syndrome

★ fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver
Cirrhosis may also occur in primary biliary cirrhosis. Rarely, cirrhosis is congenital.

Metabolic diseases

★ 'metabolic diseases' (chapter E in ICD-10)

★
★ haemochromatosis

★
★ Wilson's disease

★
★ Gilbert's syndrome

★
★ Crigler-Najjar syndrome

★
★ Dubin-Johnson syndrome

★
★ Rotor's syndrome

Vascular disorders

★ chronic passive congestion of liver

★ central haemorrhagic necrosis of liver

★ infarction of liver

★ peliosis hepatis

★ veno-occlusive disease

★ portal hypertension

★ Budd-Chiari syndrome

Cysts

★ congenital cystic disease of liver

★ Cysts caused by Echinococcus

Others

Amyloid degeneration of liver
=Gallbladder and biliary tract diseases=

★ malignant neoplasm of the gallbladder

★ malignant neoplasm of other parts of biliary tract

★
★ extrahepatic bile duct

★
★ ampulla of Vater

★ cholelithiasis

★ cholecystitis

★ others (excluding postcholecystectomy syndrome), but including

★
★ other obstructions of the gallbladder (like strictures

★
★ hydrops, perforation, fistula

★
★ cholesterolosis

★
★ biliary dyskinesia

★ K83: other diseases of the biliary tract:

★
★ cholangitis (including ascending cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis)

★
★ obstruction, perforation, fistula of biliary tract

★
★ spasm of sphincter of Oddi

★
★ biliary cyst

★
★ biliary atresia
=Diagnosis=
In hepatology, important signs and symptoms include:

★ history of alcohol abuse

★ liver function tests

★ hepatomegaly

★ hypoalbuminemia and ascites

★ jaundice or icterus

★ Murphy's sign

★ liver biopsy
=Treatment=
Includes:

★ motivate patient to stop drinking alcohol

★ vaccination for hepatitis

★ eradication of causative pathogens

★ |liver transplantion

★ cholecystectomy