LUPO CLASS FRIGATE

MM ''Sagitario'' (F-565) MM ''Sagitario'' (F-565)
Lupo class	Italy   Peru   Venezuela
General Characteristics (Italian version)
Displacement:	2,525 tonnes full load
Length:	113.2 m
Beam:	11.3 m
Draft:	3.7 m
Propulsion:	CODOG 2 General Electric / Fiat LM2500 gas turbines: 50,000 hp 2 GMT A230-20 diesel engines: 7,800 hp
Speed:	35 knots (55 km/h)
Range:	4,350 nm at 16 knots (8,050 km at 30 km/h)
Complement:	194
Radar:	• SPS-774 (RAN-10S) early warning • SPQ-2F surface search • SPS-702 CORA surface search • Mk 95 fire control • SPG-70 (RTN-10X) fire control • 2 SPG-74 (RTN-20X) fire control • SPN-748 navigation
Sonar:	DE 1160B hull
Electronic Warfare:	• SLR-4 intercept • 2 SLQ-D jammers • 2 SCLAR decoy launchers • SLQ-25 Nixie torpedo decoy
Armament:	• 8 Otomat Mk 2 SSMs • 8 Sea Sparrow SAMs • 1 OTO Melara 127/54 mm gun • 2 Breda-Bofors twin 40/70 mm guns • 2 Mark 32 triple torpedo tubes
Aircraft:	1 AB-212ASW helicopter

The '''Lupo'' class' is a class of frigates
built by ''Cantieri Navali Riuniti'' (CNR) for the Italian Navy. Designed as multipurpose warships with emphasis on anti-surface warfare (ASuW), they have enjoyed some success in the export market, being acquired by the navies of Peru and Venezuela. A small run of a slightly updated version is known as the '''Soldati''' or '''Artigliere'' class'.

Contents

Design

Italian Navy

Peruvian Navy

Venezuelan Navy

Iraqi Navy

Sources

External links

Design

In the early 1970s, the Marina Militare faced an increased Soviet naval presence in the Mediterranean Sea which constituted a threat to its sea lines of communication as well as to its extensive coastline. To parry this menace, Italy started a naval expansion program which included frigates focused on ASuW (''Lupo'' class) and on ASW (''Maestrale'' class).
For the first part of the requirement, CNR presented a design for a 2,500-ton frigate with a high speed and a heavy weapons load. The ship employed a CODOG propulsion plant to achieve 35 knots, making it one of the fastest warships at the time. Armament included 8 SSMs, 8 SAMs, several gun systems, 2 triple torpedo tubes and an ASW helicopter, which was equivalent to that carried by larger warships. To save weight, ''Lupo''-class frigates are highly automated, allowing a crew of around 200, lower than the 250 of the comparable ''Leander''-class frigate.

Italian Navy

The Marina Militare commissioned four ''Lupo''-class frigates between 1977 and 1980. These ships were deployed to the Persian Gulf first as escorts for tankers during the last stages of the Iran-Iraq War (1987–1988) and then as part of the Coalition forces during the Gulf War (1990–1991). After this operations the whole class underwent modernization which included fitting an SPS-702 CORA surface search radar and SATCOM equipment. After two decades in service, the four italian ''Lupo''-class frigates were decommissioned in the early 2000s.

Peruvian Navy

Peru became involved early in the ''Lupo'' class frigate program, ordering four ships in 1973. The Peruvian ships were built to a modified design which included different radars, Aspide instead of Sea Sparrow SAMs and a fixed instead of a telescopic hangar. The first two were built by CNR at its shipyard in Riva Trigoso, Genoa, and commissioned in 1979. Construction work for the second pair was carried out under license by SIMA (''Servicio Industrial de la Marina'', Navy Industrial Service) at Callao, with the ships commissioning in 1984 and 1987. Of this, BAP ''Carvajal'' (FM-51) and BAP ''Mariátegui'' (FM-54) had their flight decks extended to allow ASH-3D Sea King helicopters to land and refuel, even though they cannot be housed in the ship's hangar. As the ships have been regarded successful in service, the Peruvian Navy acquired the four Italian ''Lupo''s after their decommissioning, two were incorporated in 2005 and two in 2006.

Venezuelan Navy

Venezuela ordered six ''Lupo''-class frigates from CNR in 1975 as a replacement for older warships. This units were commissioned between 1980 and 1982. In general terms, their appearance and equipment is similar to those built for Peru, except for some small differences in electronics. The first two ships, ARV ''Mariscal Sucre'' (F-21) and ARV ''Almirante Brión'' (F-22) were upgraded by Ingalls Shipbuilding over a four years period (1998–2002). Modifications have included new diesel engines, new radars, a new sonar as well as several new electronic systems. The other ships in Venezuelan service are expected to undergo an austere version of this upgrade.

Iraqi Navy

Iraq ordered four ''Lupo''-class frigates from CNR in 1981 as part of a naval expansion program during the Iran-Iraq war. These ships, which feature a telescopic hangar were completed between 1985 and 1987 but due to wartime restrictions they remained interned in Italy. In 1993 all of them were seized and, after being refitted as patrol ships, incorporated to the Marina Militare as the ''Soldati'' class in 1996. Changes made for Italian service included the removal of all ASW equipment. The four ships are ''Artigliere'' (pennant F 582), ''Aviere'' (F 583), ''Bersagliere'' (F 584) and ''Granatiere'' (F 585), and are used in fleet escort or long range patrolling duties.

Sources

★ Faulkner, Keith, ''Jane's Warship Recognition Guide''. 2nd edition. Jane's Information Group, 1999.

★ Rodríguez, John, "Las fragatas Lupo: una breve mirada retrospectiva y perspectivas". ''Revista de Marina'', Year 95, No. 3: 8–32 (July / December 2002).

External links

★ GlobalSecurity.org

★ Naval-Technology.com