MADAK

'Madak' was a blend of opium and tobacco used as a recreational intoxicant smoking mixture in 17th and 18th century China. Although opium was legal for medicinal use in China at that time, madak was prohibited by a 1729 edict of the emperor Yongzheng. Ironically, the restrictive policy on madak may have been a contributing factor to the increase in popularity of smoking pure opium in 19th century China.

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References

★ Dikötter, F., Laaman, L. & Xun, Z. (2004). ''Narcotic Culture: A History of Drugs in China''. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.