العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
EspañolANDRé MALRAUX
(Redirected from Malraux)
'André Malraux' (November 3, 1901 – November 23, 1976) was a French author, adventurer and statesman, and a dominant figure in French politics and culture.
Malraux was born in Paris. His parents separated in 1905 and eventually divorced. He was raised by his mother and maternal grandmother, Berthe and Adrienne Lamy. His father, a stockbroker, committed suicide in 1930.
Malraux studied Oriental languages at the École des Langues Orientales but did not graduate. At the age of 21 he left for Cambodia with his new wife, Clara Goldschmidt, a German Jewish heiress whom he married in 1921 and divorced in 1946. (Their daughter, Florence (b.1933), married the filmmaker Alain Resnais.) In Cambodia he was arrested and almost imprisoned for trying to smuggle out a bas-relief from the Banteay Srei temple.
Malraux became highly critical of the French colonial authorities in Indochina, and in 1925 helped to organize the Young Annam League; he also founded the newspaper ''Indochina in Chains''.
On his return to France he published his first novel, ''The Temptation of the West'' (1926). This was followed by ''The Conquerors'' (1928), ''The Royal Way'' (1930) and ''Man's Fate'' (1933). For the latter, a powerful novel about the defeat of a communist regime in Shanghai and the choices facing the losers, he won the 1933 Prix Goncourt in literature. Included in his non-published work is ''Mayrena'', a novel about the eccentric French adventurer Marie-Charles David de Mayrena, conqueror of the highlands of Vietnam and first king of the Sedangs.
In the 1930s Malraux joined archeological expeditions to Iran and Afghanistan. He founded the ''International Association of Writers for the Defense of Culture'' with Louis Aragon.
During the Spanish Civil War Malraux served as a pilot for the Republican forces. His squadron gained something of the status of a legend after nearly annihilating part of the Nationalist army at Medellín. He was wounded twice during efforts to stop the Falangist takeover of Madrid. He toured the United States in an attempt to raise funds for the Republicans. A novel about his Spanish war experiences, ''Man's Hope'', appeared in 1938.
At the outbreak of the Second World War Malraux joined the French Army and served in a tank unit. He was captured in 1940 during the Western Offensive but escaped and joined the French Resistance. He was again captured by the Gestapo in 1944 and although he underwent a mock execution, was rescued by members of the resistance. He ended up leading Brigade Alsace-Lorraine in defence of Strasbourg and in the takeover of Stuttgart. He was awarded the Médaille de la Résistance, the Croix de Guerre, and the British Distinguished Service Order.
During the war he worked on a long novel, ''The Struggle Against the Angel'', the manuscript of which was destroyed by the Gestapo upon his capture in 1944. A surviving opening book to ''The Struggle Against the Angel'', named ''The Walnut Trees of Altenburg'', was published after the war. It would be his final novel.
He had two sons by Josette Clotis: Pierre-Gauthier (1940-1961) and Vincent (1943-1961). In 1944 while Malraux was fighting in Alsace, Josette was killed in an accident, having slipped while boarding a train. Their sons died together in an automobile accident in 1961.
After the war General Charles de Gaulle appointed Malraux as his minister of information (1945-1946). In the 1950s he wrote about art and aesthetics, creating the concept of the pan-cultural "Museum Without Walls" in such books as ''Voices of Silence''. He again became minister for information in 1958, and France's first Minister of Culture from 1960 to 1969. During his term, he created the ''maisons de la culture'' throughout France, and worked to preserve national monuments. He was also instrumental in settling the affair of the Lascaux caves of prehistoric art, closing them to the public and commissioning a lifesized reproduction.
In 1948 Malraux married Marie-Madeleine Lioux, a concert pianist and the widow of his half-brother, Roland Malraux. They separated in 1966.
Former First Lady of the United States Jacqueline Kennedy was one of his greatest admirers and held a dinner in his honour at the White House in 1961. The two became friends and would talk to each other only in French.
During the 1960s and 1970s, he wrote books about Picasso, whom he knew well, and de Gaulle, as well as an autobiography (''Antimémoires''). Malraux's last political engagement was in support of Bangladesh in its 1971 secession from Pakistan.
According to his biographer, Olivier Todd (''Malraux: A Life''), Malraux had Tourette syndrome. In 1974 he wrote a moving memoir of one of his own final illnesses, ''Lazarus''. He died in Paris on November 23, 1976. In honor of his contributions to French culture, in 1996 his remains were moved to the Panthéon in Paris.
An international Malraux Society was founded in the United States in 1968.
★ ''Malraux'' (1971) by Pierre Galante (SBN 40212441-3)
★ ''Andre Malraux: A Biography'' (1997) by Curtis Cate (ISBN 208066795)
★ ''Malraux ou la Lutte avec l'ange. Art, histoire et religion'' (2001) by Raphaël Aubert (ISBN 2-8309-1026-5)
★ ''Malraux : A Life'' (2005) by Olivier Todd (ISBN 0375407022)
★ ''Dits et écrits d'André Malraux : Bibliographie commentée'' (2003) by Jacques Chanussot and Claude Travi (ISBN 2-905965-88-6)
★ ''The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936 - 1939'' (Second edition 2006) by Anthony Beevor (ISBN 0-2978-4832-1)
"The greatest mystery is not that we have been flung at random among the profusion of the earth and the galaxy of the stars, but that in this prison we can fashion images of ourselves sufficiently powerful to deny our nothingness."
★ ''Lunes en Papier'', 1923 (''Paper Moons,'' 2005)
★ ''La Tentation de l'Occident'', 1926 (''The Temptation of the West'', 1926)
★ ''Royaume-Farfelu'', 1928 (''The Kingdom of Farfelu'', 2005)
★ ''Les Conquérants'', 1928 (''The Conquerors'', 1928)
★ ''La Voie royale'', 1930 (''The Royal Way'' / ''The Way of the Kings'', 1930)
★ ''La Condition humaine'', 1933 (''Man's Fate'', 1934)
★ ''Le Temps du mépris'', 1935 (''Days of Wrath'', 1935)
★ ''L'Espoir'', 1937 (''Man's Hope'', 1938)
★ ''La Psychologie de l'Art'', 1947-1949 (''The Psychology of Art'')
★ ''Les Voix du silence'', 1951 (''The Voices of Silence'', 1953)
★ ''Antimémoires'', 1967 (''Anti-Memoirs'', 1968 - autobiography)
★ ''Les Chênes qu'on abat'', 1971 (''Felled Oaks'' / ''The Fallen Oaks'')
★ ''Lazare'', 1974 (''Lazarus'', 1977)
★ A biography
★ Malraux's early, surrealist writings
★ Essays by Derek Allan
★ Amities Internationales Andre Malraux
★ A multimedia adaptation of Voices of silence
★ Kingdoms of Deceit by Travis Jeppesen
★ http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/EUD/Chanussot.html [Bibliographie]
André Malraux, French author, adventurer, and statesman
'André Malraux' (November 3, 1901 – November 23, 1976) was a French author, adventurer and statesman, and a dominant figure in French politics and culture.
| Contents |
| Biography |
| Books |
| Quotation |
| Partial bibliography |
| External links |
Biography
Malraux was born in Paris. His parents separated in 1905 and eventually divorced. He was raised by his mother and maternal grandmother, Berthe and Adrienne Lamy. His father, a stockbroker, committed suicide in 1930.
Malraux studied Oriental languages at the École des Langues Orientales but did not graduate. At the age of 21 he left for Cambodia with his new wife, Clara Goldschmidt, a German Jewish heiress whom he married in 1921 and divorced in 1946. (Their daughter, Florence (b.1933), married the filmmaker Alain Resnais.) In Cambodia he was arrested and almost imprisoned for trying to smuggle out a bas-relief from the Banteay Srei temple.
Malraux became highly critical of the French colonial authorities in Indochina, and in 1925 helped to organize the Young Annam League; he also founded the newspaper ''Indochina in Chains''.
On his return to France he published his first novel, ''The Temptation of the West'' (1926). This was followed by ''The Conquerors'' (1928), ''The Royal Way'' (1930) and ''Man's Fate'' (1933). For the latter, a powerful novel about the defeat of a communist regime in Shanghai and the choices facing the losers, he won the 1933 Prix Goncourt in literature. Included in his non-published work is ''Mayrena'', a novel about the eccentric French adventurer Marie-Charles David de Mayrena, conqueror of the highlands of Vietnam and first king of the Sedangs.
In the 1930s Malraux joined archeological expeditions to Iran and Afghanistan. He founded the ''International Association of Writers for the Defense of Culture'' with Louis Aragon.
During the Spanish Civil War Malraux served as a pilot for the Republican forces. His squadron gained something of the status of a legend after nearly annihilating part of the Nationalist army at Medellín. He was wounded twice during efforts to stop the Falangist takeover of Madrid. He toured the United States in an attempt to raise funds for the Republicans. A novel about his Spanish war experiences, ''Man's Hope'', appeared in 1938.
At the outbreak of the Second World War Malraux joined the French Army and served in a tank unit. He was captured in 1940 during the Western Offensive but escaped and joined the French Resistance. He was again captured by the Gestapo in 1944 and although he underwent a mock execution, was rescued by members of the resistance. He ended up leading Brigade Alsace-Lorraine in defence of Strasbourg and in the takeover of Stuttgart. He was awarded the Médaille de la Résistance, the Croix de Guerre, and the British Distinguished Service Order.
During the war he worked on a long novel, ''The Struggle Against the Angel'', the manuscript of which was destroyed by the Gestapo upon his capture in 1944. A surviving opening book to ''The Struggle Against the Angel'', named ''The Walnut Trees of Altenburg'', was published after the war. It would be his final novel.
He had two sons by Josette Clotis: Pierre-Gauthier (1940-1961) and Vincent (1943-1961). In 1944 while Malraux was fighting in Alsace, Josette was killed in an accident, having slipped while boarding a train. Their sons died together in an automobile accident in 1961.
After the war General Charles de Gaulle appointed Malraux as his minister of information (1945-1946). In the 1950s he wrote about art and aesthetics, creating the concept of the pan-cultural "Museum Without Walls" in such books as ''Voices of Silence''. He again became minister for information in 1958, and France's first Minister of Culture from 1960 to 1969. During his term, he created the ''maisons de la culture'' throughout France, and worked to preserve national monuments. He was also instrumental in settling the affair of the Lascaux caves of prehistoric art, closing them to the public and commissioning a lifesized reproduction.
John F. Kennedy, Mrs. Malraux, André Malraux, Jacqueline Kennedy, and Lyndon B. Johnson at an unveiling of the Mona Lisa at National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC
In 1948 Malraux married Marie-Madeleine Lioux, a concert pianist and the widow of his half-brother, Roland Malraux. They separated in 1966.
Former First Lady of the United States Jacqueline Kennedy was one of his greatest admirers and held a dinner in his honour at the White House in 1961. The two became friends and would talk to each other only in French.
During the 1960s and 1970s, he wrote books about Picasso, whom he knew well, and de Gaulle, as well as an autobiography (''Antimémoires''). Malraux's last political engagement was in support of Bangladesh in its 1971 secession from Pakistan.
According to his biographer, Olivier Todd (''Malraux: A Life''), Malraux had Tourette syndrome. In 1974 he wrote a moving memoir of one of his own final illnesses, ''Lazarus''. He died in Paris on November 23, 1976. In honor of his contributions to French culture, in 1996 his remains were moved to the Panthéon in Paris.
An international Malraux Society was founded in the United States in 1968.
Books
★ ''Malraux'' (1971) by Pierre Galante (SBN 40212441-3)
★ ''Andre Malraux: A Biography'' (1997) by Curtis Cate (ISBN 208066795)
★ ''Malraux ou la Lutte avec l'ange. Art, histoire et religion'' (2001) by Raphaël Aubert (ISBN 2-8309-1026-5)
★ ''Malraux : A Life'' (2005) by Olivier Todd (ISBN 0375407022)
★ ''Dits et écrits d'André Malraux : Bibliographie commentée'' (2003) by Jacques Chanussot and Claude Travi (ISBN 2-905965-88-6)
★ ''The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936 - 1939'' (Second edition 2006) by Anthony Beevor (ISBN 0-2978-4832-1)
Quotation
"The greatest mystery is not that we have been flung at random among the profusion of the earth and the galaxy of the stars, but that in this prison we can fashion images of ourselves sufficiently powerful to deny our nothingness."
Partial bibliography
★ ''Lunes en Papier'', 1923 (''Paper Moons,'' 2005)
★ ''La Tentation de l'Occident'', 1926 (''The Temptation of the West'', 1926)
★ ''Royaume-Farfelu'', 1928 (''The Kingdom of Farfelu'', 2005)
★ ''Les Conquérants'', 1928 (''The Conquerors'', 1928)
★ ''La Voie royale'', 1930 (''The Royal Way'' / ''The Way of the Kings'', 1930)
★ ''La Condition humaine'', 1933 (''Man's Fate'', 1934)
★ ''Le Temps du mépris'', 1935 (''Days of Wrath'', 1935)
★ ''L'Espoir'', 1937 (''Man's Hope'', 1938)
★ ''La Psychologie de l'Art'', 1947-1949 (''The Psychology of Art'')
★ ''Les Voix du silence'', 1951 (''The Voices of Silence'', 1953)
★ ''Antimémoires'', 1967 (''Anti-Memoirs'', 1968 - autobiography)
★ ''Les Chênes qu'on abat'', 1971 (''Felled Oaks'' / ''The Fallen Oaks'')
★ ''Lazare'', 1974 (''Lazarus'', 1977)
External links
★ A biography
★ Malraux's early, surrealist writings
★ Essays by Derek Allan
★ Amities Internationales Andre Malraux
★ A multimedia adaptation of Voices of silence
★ Kingdoms of Deceit by Travis Jeppesen
★ http://www.u-bourgogne.fr/EUD/Chanussot.html [Bibliographie]
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
Featured Companies
| Dancing Moon Travel | |
| Alpine Interface Inc. | |
| Travelbugs, LLC | |
| Golf Holidays International |
