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EspañolULMUS LACINIATA - MANCHURIAN ELM
(Redirected from Manchurian Elm)
The 'Manchurian Elm ''Ulmus laciniata''' Trautv. is a deciduous tree found throughout the broadleaved forests of the Far East, including Japan, at elevations of between 700 m and 2200 m. It is very closely related to the Wych Elm ''Ulmus glabra'' but is distinguished by its leaves, which are regularly incised to form between three and seven apical lobes, giving rise to its common synonym, the Cut-leaf Elm[1]. The tree can reach a height of 27 m, the trunk rarely exceeding 0.5 m d.b.h. (diameter at breast height). The bark is dark, grey brown and exfoliates in flakes. The branchlets are unwinged.
The laciniate leaves are usually obtriangular, and up to 18 cm in length. The wind-pollinated petal-less flowers are produced on second-year shoots in April, followed by elliptic < 20 mm x 14 mm samarae in May.
The species was introduced to the West in 1905, but remains uncommon in cultivation. It was comprehensively evaluated in the Netherlands in the 1950s as a potential source of anti-fungal genes for use in the Dutch elm hybridization programme, but was found intolerant of all but the most sheltered and humid conditions. Specimens planted at the Sir Harold Hillier Gardens and as part of ''Butterfly Conservation's'' elm trials at Great Fontley Farm, Fareham, England, have confirmed the Dutch assessment.
Moreover, in trials in Italy (Mittempergher & Santini, 2004) and the USA [2], ''U. laciniata'' was severely damaged by elm leaf beetles ''Xantogalerucha luteola'' Müller; indeed in Italy chemical controls were necessary to ensure the tree's survival, unlike its compatriots ''U. parvifolia'' and ''U. davidiana'' var. ''japonica'' which survived unscathed.
The species is difficult to propagate from softwood cuttings, even under mist, often rooting but failing to develop foliage.
A variety was recognized by Rehder: ''Ulmus laciniata'' var. ''nikkoensis'' - the Nikko Elm.
None known.
Several hybrid cultivars were raised as part of the Dutch elm breeding programme at Wageningen (Heybroek, 1993), crossing the species with hybrids of ''U. wallichiana'' and ''U. minor'' to produce Clone no. 560, which in turn was crossed with Clone 720 (itself a complex cross involving ''U. glabra'', ''U. minor'', ''U. wallichiana'', and ''U. pumila'') to produce Clone 1234. None of these clones has been commercially released.
★ Arnold Arboretum, acc. no. 17909 wild collected, 250-2001 wild collected in Korea.
★ Denver Botanic Gardens, neither acc. no. nor origin disclosed.
★ Morton Arboretum acc. no. 50-95 wild collected, Liaoning Province, China.
★ Great Fontley Farm, Fareham, UK, ''Butterfly Conservation'' Elm Trials plantation, Platts M 10, (from seed collected Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan).
★ Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia acc. no. 18132,3,4,5,8.
★ Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, acc. no. 1982.0003, Area PC 700, origin undisclosed (NB. in very poor condition 2006)
★ Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, acc. no. 20022150, origin undisclosed.
★ Oxford University Botanic Garden, Harcourt Arboretum, acc. no. 1981061.1, origin undisclosed. 5 specimens in Bluebell Wood.
★ Sunshine Nursery, Clinton, Oklahoma [3]
★ Arborvillage, Holt, Missouri [4].
None known.
★ Brookes, A. H. (2006). ''An evaluation of disease-resistant hybrid and exotic elms as larval host plants for the White-letter Hairstreak butterfly Satyrium w-album'', Part 1. Butterfly Conservation, Lulworth, UK.
★ Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [5]
★ Heybroek, H. M. (1993). The Dutch Elm Breeding Program. In Sticklen & Sherald (Eds.) (1993). ''Dutch Elm Disease Research'', Chapter 3. Springer Verlag, New York, USA
★ Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004) The history of elm breeding. ''Investigacion agraria: Sistemas y recursos forestales'' 13(1): 161-177 (2004).
★ Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. ''Journal of Arboriculture'', (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, USA. [6].
★ White, J & More, D. (2003). ''Trees of Britain & Northern Europe''. Cassell's, London.
The 'Manchurian Elm ''Ulmus laciniata''' Trautv. is a deciduous tree found throughout the broadleaved forests of the Far East, including Japan, at elevations of between 700 m and 2200 m. It is very closely related to the Wych Elm ''Ulmus glabra'' but is distinguished by its leaves, which are regularly incised to form between three and seven apical lobes, giving rise to its common synonym, the Cut-leaf Elm[1]. The tree can reach a height of 27 m, the trunk rarely exceeding 0.5 m d.b.h. (diameter at breast height). The bark is dark, grey brown and exfoliates in flakes. The branchlets are unwinged.
The laciniate leaves are usually obtriangular, and up to 18 cm in length. The wind-pollinated petal-less flowers are produced on second-year shoots in April, followed by elliptic < 20 mm x 14 mm samarae in May.
The species was introduced to the West in 1905, but remains uncommon in cultivation. It was comprehensively evaluated in the Netherlands in the 1950s as a potential source of anti-fungal genes for use in the Dutch elm hybridization programme, but was found intolerant of all but the most sheltered and humid conditions. Specimens planted at the Sir Harold Hillier Gardens and as part of ''Butterfly Conservation's'' elm trials at Great Fontley Farm, Fareham, England, have confirmed the Dutch assessment.
Moreover, in trials in Italy (Mittempergher & Santini, 2004) and the USA [2], ''U. laciniata'' was severely damaged by elm leaf beetles ''Xantogalerucha luteola'' Müller; indeed in Italy chemical controls were necessary to ensure the tree's survival, unlike its compatriots ''U. parvifolia'' and ''U. davidiana'' var. ''japonica'' which survived unscathed.
The species is difficult to propagate from softwood cuttings, even under mist, often rooting but failing to develop foliage.
A variety was recognized by Rehder: ''Ulmus laciniata'' var. ''nikkoensis'' - the Nikko Elm.
| Contents |
| Cultivars |
| Hybrid cultivars |
| Arboreta etc accessions |
| North America |
| Europe |
| Nurseries |
| North America |
| Europe |
| References |
Cultivars
None known.
Hybrid cultivars
Several hybrid cultivars were raised as part of the Dutch elm breeding programme at Wageningen (Heybroek, 1993), crossing the species with hybrids of ''U. wallichiana'' and ''U. minor'' to produce Clone no. 560, which in turn was crossed with Clone 720 (itself a complex cross involving ''U. glabra'', ''U. minor'', ''U. wallichiana'', and ''U. pumila'') to produce Clone 1234. None of these clones has been commercially released.
Arboreta etc accessions
North America
★ Arnold Arboretum, acc. no. 17909 wild collected, 250-2001 wild collected in Korea.
★ Denver Botanic Gardens, neither acc. no. nor origin disclosed.
★ Morton Arboretum acc. no. 50-95 wild collected, Liaoning Province, China.
Europe
★ Great Fontley Farm, Fareham, UK, ''Butterfly Conservation'' Elm Trials plantation, Platts M 10, (from seed collected Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan).
★ Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia acc. no. 18132,3,4,5,8.
★ Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, acc. no. 1982.0003, Area PC 700, origin undisclosed (NB. in very poor condition 2006)
★ Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, acc. no. 20022150, origin undisclosed.
★ Oxford University Botanic Garden, Harcourt Arboretum, acc. no. 1981061.1, origin undisclosed. 5 specimens in Bluebell Wood.
Nurseries
North America
★ Sunshine Nursery, Clinton, Oklahoma [3]
★ Arborvillage, Holt, Missouri [4].
Europe
None known.
References
★ Brookes, A. H. (2006). ''An evaluation of disease-resistant hybrid and exotic elms as larval host plants for the White-letter Hairstreak butterfly Satyrium w-album'', Part 1. Butterfly Conservation, Lulworth, UK.
★ Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [5]
★ Heybroek, H. M. (1993). The Dutch Elm Breeding Program. In Sticklen & Sherald (Eds.) (1993). ''Dutch Elm Disease Research'', Chapter 3. Springer Verlag, New York, USA
★ Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004) The history of elm breeding. ''Investigacion agraria: Sistemas y recursos forestales'' 13(1): 161-177 (2004).
★ Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. ''Journal of Arboriculture'', (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, USA. [6].
★ White, J & More, D. (2003). ''Trees of Britain & Northern Europe''. Cassell's, London.
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