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'Manhwa' (Hangul: 만화, Hanja: 漫畫) is the general Korean term for comics and cartoons (including animated cartoons). Outside of Korea, the term usually refers specifically to South Korean comics.
Manhwa has been influenced by the dramatic modern history of Korea and resulted in diversity of forms and genre[1], but including a mainstream style similar to manga. Distinctive manhwa can be found in editorial comic strips, artistically-oriented works, and webcomics serials.
Typical characteristics of manhwa:
★ the style of character designs - manhwa aimed at teenage girls (which make up the majority of English-translated series) have a distinctively angular style of abstraction which contrasts with the more "cute" and rounded style of their Japanese, Chinese and western equivalents. This is the most obvious difference at a glance, but does not necessarily apply to manhwa aimed at boys or adults.
★ the left->to->right direction of the book (still quite obvious, but not very reliable, as some manga and manhua are 'flipped' around to the western way)
★ the Korean name of the author/artist - usually double-barreled and with syllables that do not exist in Japanese (usually the most reliable method, the only exceptions being when a culturally-neutral pseudonym is used, or when the artist is of Korean ethnicity but resides in another country such as the USA)
★ the untranslated sound effects (not always present) are in hangul, not kana or hanzi.
There are now a number of publishers specializing in English translations of Korean comics, and by and large they are unafraid of calling them "manhwa".
Due to the Manga-boom, mostly only the works that are almost undistinguishable from mainstream Manga were published in North America. [2] Recently, long-running webcomics serialized via Internet portal sites (e.g. Media Daum) and personal homepages have become both the creative and popular basecamp among the younger generation in Korea.
Manhwa is read in the same direction as English books, horizontally and from left to right, because hangul is normally written and read horizontally, although it can also be written and read like Chinese and Japanese, that is, vertically from right to left, top to bottom.
Theoretically, the reading direction of manhwa should make it more accessible to Western audiences when compared to Japanese and Chinese comics, but so far the relative obscurity of Korean culture has canceled out this apparent advantage, and the word remains relatively unknown in the English-speaking world. Instead, English translations of manhwa have achieved success by targeting the manga and animé community, to extent than manhwa are often marketed as "manga".
Unlike Japan, animations based on Korean comics are still relatively rare (though there were several major hits in the late 80's and early 90's with titles such as ''Dooly the Little Dinosaur'' and ''Fly! Superboard''). However, live-action drama series and movie adaptations of manhwa have occurred more frequently in recent years. ''Full House'' in 2004 and ''Goong'' ("Palace" or "Princess Hours") in 2006, are prominent examples as both have been accounted as the best dramas of their respective years.
In 2007, ''The Great Catsby'', an award-winning Korean webcomic, was adapted into a live-action drama, after a run as an on-stage musical in 2006. The title will also be adapted into a feature film in late 2007. [3][4]
''Priest'', a popular manhwa that has been translated to English in recent years, will also go into production as a movie by U.S. film studio Screen Gems. To be released in 2008, it is produced by Sam Raimi, directed by Andrew Douglas, and will star Gerard Butler as the title character.Olsen, Kevin Noel (January 252007). "Amityville Director Set to Direct Priest Film Based on Tokypop Graphic Novel". Silver Bullet Comics.Fischer, Martha (June 262006). "Butler to Priest". Cinematical.com.
★ Daiwon C.I.
★ Haksan Publishing
★ Seoul Culture Corporation
★ Shinwon Agency Corporation
★ ADV Manga
★ CPM Manhwa
★ Dark Horse Manhwa
★ DramaQueen
★ DrMaster Publications
★ Ice Kunion
★ Infinity Studios
★ Media Blasters
★ NETCOMICS
★ NBM ComicsLit
★ TOKYOPOP
1. http://capcold.net/eng/blog/?p=10
2. http://www.time.com/time/columnist/arnold/article/0,9565,1152700,00.html
3. The Great Catsby: Hit Korean Internet Comic Drama-tized into TV form debuts in 4 days
4. Drama Wiki Entry: The Great Catsby
★ Manga
★ List of manhwa by English title
★ List of Korea-related topics
★ Contemporary culture of South Korea
★ Manhua
★ Korean animation
★ "Understanding Manhwa": history, culture, recommendations etc
★ "Korean Comics in the U.S., Part 1, Comic-Con International 2004," Jade Magazine.com, Sep. 2004
★ "Korean Comics in the U.S., Part 2, Manhwa Sampler," Jade Magazine.com, Sep. 2004
★ "Sang-Sun Park, Les Bijoux Comic Artist," Sequential Tart.com, Aug. 2004
★ Manhwa site for "Demon Diary" (마왕일기)
★ "Infinity Studios and Manhwa," Anime Tourist.com, 16 June 2004
★ Bucheon Cartoon Information Center
★ Bucheon International Comics festival
★ Seoul International Comics and Animation Festival
★ Dong-a/LG International festival of comics and animation
★ Moonk Mobile Cartoon
★ Cartoon & Animation Society in Korea
★ Seoul Cartoon
★ The Korean Cartoonist Association
★ Korean Women Cartoonist Association
★ Amateur Comics Association
★ Korea Amateur Comic Land
★ Korean Society of Cartoon & Animation Studies
★ Seoul animation center
★ Puchon Cartoon Information Center
★ The Korea Society Manhwa Exhibit
Manhwa style
Manhwa has been influenced by the dramatic modern history of Korea and resulted in diversity of forms and genre[1], but including a mainstream style similar to manga. Distinctive manhwa can be found in editorial comic strips, artistically-oriented works, and webcomics serials.
Typical characteristics of manhwa:
★ the style of character designs - manhwa aimed at teenage girls (which make up the majority of English-translated series) have a distinctively angular style of abstraction which contrasts with the more "cute" and rounded style of their Japanese, Chinese and western equivalents. This is the most obvious difference at a glance, but does not necessarily apply to manhwa aimed at boys or adults.
★ the left->to->right direction of the book (still quite obvious, but not very reliable, as some manga and manhua are 'flipped' around to the western way)
★ the Korean name of the author/artist - usually double-barreled and with syllables that do not exist in Japanese (usually the most reliable method, the only exceptions being when a culturally-neutral pseudonym is used, or when the artist is of Korean ethnicity but resides in another country such as the USA)
★ the untranslated sound effects (not always present) are in hangul, not kana or hanzi.
There are now a number of publishers specializing in English translations of Korean comics, and by and large they are unafraid of calling them "manhwa".
North American audience
Due to the Manga-boom, mostly only the works that are almost undistinguishable from mainstream Manga were published in North America. [2] Recently, long-running webcomics serialized via Internet portal sites (e.g. Media Daum) and personal homepages have become both the creative and popular basecamp among the younger generation in Korea.
Direction of text
Manhwa is read in the same direction as English books, horizontally and from left to right, because hangul is normally written and read horizontally, although it can also be written and read like Chinese and Japanese, that is, vertically from right to left, top to bottom.
Theoretically, the reading direction of manhwa should make it more accessible to Western audiences when compared to Japanese and Chinese comics, but so far the relative obscurity of Korean culture has canceled out this apparent advantage, and the word remains relatively unknown in the English-speaking world. Instead, English translations of manhwa have achieved success by targeting the manga and animé community, to extent than manhwa are often marketed as "manga".
Animation and Live-Action adaptations
Unlike Japan, animations based on Korean comics are still relatively rare (though there were several major hits in the late 80's and early 90's with titles such as ''Dooly the Little Dinosaur'' and ''Fly! Superboard''). However, live-action drama series and movie adaptations of manhwa have occurred more frequently in recent years. ''Full House'' in 2004 and ''Goong'' ("Palace" or "Princess Hours") in 2006, are prominent examples as both have been accounted as the best dramas of their respective years.
In 2007, ''The Great Catsby'', an award-winning Korean webcomic, was adapted into a live-action drama, after a run as an on-stage musical in 2006. The title will also be adapted into a feature film in late 2007. [3][4]
''Priest'', a popular manhwa that has been translated to English in recent years, will also go into production as a movie by U.S. film studio Screen Gems. To be released in 2008, it is produced by Sam Raimi, directed by Andrew Douglas, and will star Gerard Butler as the title character.Olsen, Kevin Noel (January 252007). "Amityville Director Set to Direct Priest Film Based on Tokypop Graphic Novel". Silver Bullet Comics.Fischer, Martha (June 262006). "Butler to Priest". Cinematical.com.
Korean manhwa publishers
★ Daiwon C.I.
★ Haksan Publishing
★ Seoul Culture Corporation
★ Shinwon Agency Corporation
North American manhwa imprints
★ ADV Manga
★ CPM Manhwa
★ Dark Horse Manhwa
★ DramaQueen
★ DrMaster Publications
★ Ice Kunion
★ Infinity Studios
★ Media Blasters
★ NETCOMICS
★ NBM ComicsLit
★ TOKYOPOP
Notes
1. http://capcold.net/eng/blog/?p=10
2. http://www.time.com/time/columnist/arnold/article/0,9565,1152700,00.html
3. The Great Catsby: Hit Korean Internet Comic Drama-tized into TV form debuts in 4 days
4. Drama Wiki Entry: The Great Catsby
See also
★ Manga
★ List of manhwa by English title
★ List of Korea-related topics
★ Contemporary culture of South Korea
★ Manhua
★ Korean animation
External links
Manhwa information
★ "Understanding Manhwa": history, culture, recommendations etc
★ "Korean Comics in the U.S., Part 1, Comic-Con International 2004," Jade Magazine.com, Sep. 2004
★ "Korean Comics in the U.S., Part 2, Manhwa Sampler," Jade Magazine.com, Sep. 2004
★ "Sang-Sun Park, Les Bijoux Comic Artist," Sequential Tart.com, Aug. 2004
★ Manhwa site for "Demon Diary" (마왕일기)
★ "Infinity Studios and Manhwa," Anime Tourist.com, 16 June 2004
Festivals
★ Bucheon Cartoon Information Center
★ Bucheon International Comics festival
★ Seoul International Comics and Animation Festival
★ Dong-a/LG International festival of comics and animation
Manhwa on mobiles
★ Moonk Mobile Cartoon
Associations
★ Cartoon & Animation Society in Korea
★ Seoul Cartoon
★ The Korean Cartoonist Association
★ Korean Women Cartoonist Association
★ Amateur Comics Association
★ Korea Amateur Comic Land
Information and studies
★ Korean Society of Cartoon & Animation Studies
★ Seoul animation center
★ Puchon Cartoon Information Center
★ The Korea Society Manhwa Exhibit
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