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was the 365th and last day of the year in many European implementations of the Julian calendar.^[1]

Contents

Events

Births

Deaths

Holidays and observances

Liturgical feasts

External links

Events

★ 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus.

★ 1603 - James VI of Scotland also becomes James I King of England.

★ 1731 - ''An Act to naturalize Hieronimus De Salis Esquire'', passed.

★ 1765 - American Revolutionary War: The Kingdom of Great Britain passes the Quartering Act that requires the 13 American colonies to house British troops.

★ 1832 - In Hiram, Ohio a group of men beat, tar and feather Mormon leader Joseph Smith, Jr..

★ 1837 - Canada gives African men the right to vote.

★ 1868 - Metropolitan Life Insurance Company is formed.

★ 1878 - The British frigate ''HMS Eurydice'' sinks, killing 300.

★ 1882 - Robert Koch announces the discovery of the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (mycobacterium tuberculosis).

★ 1898 - Robert Allison of Port Carbon, Pennsylvania becomes the first person to buy an American-built automobile when he buys a Winton automobile that was advertised in Scientific American.

★ 1900 - New York City Mayor Robert Anderson Van Wyck breaks ground for a new underground "Rapid Transit Railroad" that would link Manhattan and Brooklyn.

★ 1923 - Greece becomes a republic.

★ 1934 - U.S. Congress passes Tydings-McDuffie Act.

★ 1944 - German troops kill 335 Italian civilians in the Ardeatine Massacre in Rome.

★ 1944 - In an event later dramatized in the movie ''The Great Escape'', 76 prisoners begin breaking out of Stalag Luft III.

★ 1957 - The Treaty of Rome is signed

★ 1958 - Rock'N' Roll singer Elvis Presley is formally inducted in the US Army.

★ 1959 - The Party of the African Federation (PFA) is launched by Léopold Sédar Senghor and Modibo Keita.

★ 1965 - NASA spacecraft Ranger 9, equipped to convert its signals into a form suitable for showing on domestic television, brings images of the Moon into ordinary homes before crash-landing.

★ 1972 - The United Kingdom imposes "Direct Rule" over Northern Ireland.

★ 1973 - Kenyan track runner Kip Keino defeats Jim Ryun at the first-ever professional track meet in Los Angeles, sanctioned by the International Track Association.

★ 1973 - Rock band Pink Floyd releases ''The Dark Side of the Moon''

★ 1976 - Argentina's military forces depose president Isabel Perón and start the National Reorganization Process.

★ 1980 - Archbishop Óscar Romero is killed by right-wing terrorists while celebrating Mass in San Salvador.

★ 1985 - Norwich City F.C. won the Milk Cup (English Football League Cup) at Wembley Stadium, beating Sunderland F.C. 1-0.

★ 1989 - Exxon Valdez oil spill: In Alaska's Prince William Sound the ''Exxon Valdez'' spills 240,000 barrels (42,000 m³) of petroleum after running aground.

★ 1990 - Bob Hawke and the Australian Labor Party (ALP) defeat Andrew Peacock and the Liberal Party of Australia in his final election as Prime Minister of Australia.

★ 1998 - Jonesboro massacre: In Jonesboro, Arkansas, two boys (aged 11 and 13 years) fire upon students at Westside Middle School; four students and one teacher are killed and 10 injured.

★ 1998 - Tornado sweeps through Dantan in India killing 250 people and injuring 3000 others.

★ 1999 - Kosovo War: NATO commences air bombardment against Yugoslavia, marking the first time NATO has attacked a sovereign country.

★ 1999 - Mont Blanc Tunnel Fire: 39 people died when a Belgian transport truck carrying flour and margarine caught fire in Mont Blanc Tunnel.

★ 2000 - The S&P 500 reaches an all-time high of 1527.46.

★ 2003 - The Arab League votes 21-1 in favor of a resolution demanding the immediate and unconditional removal of U.S. and British soldiers from Iraq.

★ 2006 - Long-term protests in Belarus are broken by police.

★ 2006 - Pope Benedict XVI adds 15 men to the College of Cardinals, in the first consistory of his Pontificate.

★ 2007 - The Australian Labour Party is reinstated after the NSW state elections.

Births

★ 1494 - Georg Agricola, German scientist (d. 1555)

★ 1607 - Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (d. 1667)

★ 1657 - Arai Hakuseki, Japanese writer and politician (d. 1725)

★ 1693 - John Harrison, British clockmaker (d. 1776)

★ 1725 - Samuel Ashe, Governor of North Carolina (d. 1813)

★ 1725 - Thomas Cushing, American Continental Congressman (d. 1788)

★ 1782 - Orest Kiprensky, Russian painter (d. 1836)

★ 1796 - John Corry Wilson Daly, Canadian politician (d. 1878)

★ 1809 - Mariano José de Larra, Spanish journalist and writer (d. 1837

★ 1809 - Joseph Liouville, French mathematician (d. 1882)

★ 1820 - A. E. Becquerel, French physicist (d. 1891)

★ 1820 - Fanny Crosby, American hymnist (d. 1915)

★ 1828 - Horace Gray, Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (d. 1902)

★ 1829 - George Francis Train, American businessman (d. 1904)

★ 1830 - Robert Hamerling, Austrian poet (d. 1889)

★ 1834 - William Morris, English writer and designer (d. 1896)

★ 1834 - John Wesley Powell, American explorer and environmentalist (d. 1902)

★ 1835 - Jožef Stefan, Slovenian physicist (d. 1893)

★ 1848 - Honoré Beaugrand, American journalist and newspaper publisher (La Patrie) (d. 1906)

★ 1850 - Silas Hocking, British novelist and preacher (d. 1935)

★ 1855 - Andrew Mellon, American financier (d. 1937)

★ 1855 - Olive Schreiner, South African writer (d. 1920)

★ 1874 - Harry Houdini, (Weisz Erik), Hungarian-born magician (d. 1926)

★ 1884 - Peter Debye, Dutch chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1966)

★ 1886 - Edward Weston, American photographer (d. 1958)

★ 1887 - Roscoe Arbuckle, American actor (d. 1933)

★ 1888 - Viktor Kingissepp, Estonian Bolshevik politician (d. 1922)

★ 1889 - Albert Hill, British athlete (d. 1969)

★ 1891 - Sergey Ivanovich Vavilov, Soviet physicist (d. 1951)

★ 1893 - George Sisler, American baseball player (d. 1973)

★ 1893 - Walter Baade, German astronomer (d. 1960)

★ 1897 - Wilhelm Reich, Austrian-born psychotherapist (d. 1957)

★ 1901 - Ub Iwerks, American cartoonist (d. 1971)

★ 1902 - Thomas Dewey, American politician (d. 1971)

★ 1903 - Adolf Butenandt, German chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1995)

★ 1903 - Malcolm Muggeridge, British author and scholar (d. 1990)

★ 1906 - Klavdiya Shulzhenko, Soviet singer (d. 1984)

★ 1907 - Paul Sauvé, Quebec politician (d. 1960)

★ 1909 - Clyde Barrow, American crime figure (d. 1934)

★ 1910 - Richard Conte, American actor (d. 1975)

★ 1911 - Joseph Barbera, American cartoonist (d. 2006)

★ 1915 - Gorgeous George, American professional wrestler (d. 1963)

★ 1916 - Donald Hamilton, Swedish-American novelist

★ 1917 - John Kendrew, British molecular biologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1997)

★ 1917 - Constantine Andreou, Greek-Brazilian artist

★ 1919 - Lawrence Ferlinghetti, American author and publisher

★ 1919 - Robert Heilbroner, American economist (d. 2005)

★ 1920 - Gene Nelson, American actor (d. 1996)

★ 1921 - Vasily Smyslov, Russian chess player

★ 1922 - Onna White, Canadian choreographer (d. 2005)

★ 1923 - Murray Hamilton, American actor (d. 1986)

★ 1924 - Norman Fell, American actor (d. 1998)

★ 1925 - Puig Aubert, French rugby league footballer (d. 1994)

★ 1926 - Dario Fo, Italian writer, Nobel laureate

★ 1927 - Martin Walser, German author

★ 1928 - Byron Janis, American pianist

★ 1930 - David Dacko, 1st President of the Central African Republic (d. 2003)

★ 1930 - Agustín González, Spanish actor (d. 2005)

★ 1930 - Steve McQueen, American actor (d. 1980)

★ 1934 - William Smith, American actor

★ 1935 - Peter Bichsel, Swiss writer

★ 1936 - David Suzuki, Canadian scientist and environmentalist

★ 1937 - Billy Stewart, American singer (d. 1970)

★ 1938 - Holger Czukay, German musician (Can)

★ 1938 - David Irving, British historian

★ 1940 - Bob Mackie, American fashion designer

★ 1944 - R. Lee Ermey, American actor

★ 1944 - Vojislav Koštunica, Serbian Prime Minister

★ 1945 - Robert T. Bakker, American paleontologist

★ 1945 - Curtis Hanson, American film director

★ 1947 - Meiko Kaji, Japanese singer and actress

★ 1947 - Alan Sugar, English businessman

★ 1949 - Nick Lowe, British musician

★ 1951 - Pat Bradley, American golfer

★ 1951 - Tommy Hilfiger, American fashion designer

★ 1951 - Dougie Thomson, British bassist (Supertramp)

★ 1953 - Louie Anderson, American comedian

★ 1954 - Robert Carradine, American actor

★ 1954 - Donna Pescow, American actress

★ 1955 - Doug Jarvis, Canadian ice hockey player

★ 1957 - Pierre Harvey, Quebec cyclist and cross-country skier

★ 1958 - El Duce, American drummer/singer The Mentors (d. 1997)

★ 1960 - Kelly LeBrock, American actress

★ 1960 - Nena, German singer

★ 1960 - Barry Horowitz, American professional wrestler

★ 1961 - Dean Jones, Australian cricketer

★ 1962 - Star Jones Reynolds, American television personality

★ 1962 - Angèle Dubeau, Quebec violinist

★ 1964 - Annabella Sciorra, American actress

★ 1965 - The Undertaker, American professional wrestler

★ 1965 - Gurmit Singh, Singaporean actor

★ 1969 - Houston, American pornographic actress

★ 1970 - Lara Flynn Boyle, American actress

★ 1970 - Sharon Corr, Irish musician (The Corrs)

★ 1970 - Judith Draxler, Austrian swimmer

★ 1972 - Steve Karsay, American baseball player

★ 1973 - Jacek Bąk, Polish footballer

★ 1973 - Steve Corica, Australian soccer player

★ 1974 - Chad Butler, American drummer (Switchfoot)

★ 1974 - Alyson Hannigan, American actress

★ 1975 - Thomas Johansson, Swedish tennis player

★ 1976 - Aaron Brooks, American football player

★ 1976 - Peyton Manning, American football player

★ 1976 - Aliou Cissé, Senegalese footballer

★ 1976 - Athanasios Kostoulas, Greek footballer

★ 1977 - Darren Lockyer, Australian rugby league footballer

★ 1977 - Corneille, Canadian-Rwandan singer

★ 1979 - Graeme Swann, English cricketer

★ 1979 - Periklis Iakovakis, Greek athlete

★ 1980 - Tassos Venetis, Greek footballer

★ 1981 - Ron Hainsey, American Hockey player

★ 1982 - Dustin McGowan, American baseball player

★ 1982 - Corey Hart, American baseball player

★ 1982 - Nivea, American singer

★ 1983 - T.J. Ford, American basketball player

★ 1984 - Chris Bosh, American basketball player

★ 1985 - Haruka Ayase, Japanese actress and model

★ 1986 - Kohei Hirate, Japanese racing driver

★ 1986 - Anthony McMahon, English footballer

★ 1987 - Wei Xu, Chinese footballer

★ 1988 - Ryan Higgins, Zimbabwean cricketer

★ 1990 - Keisha Castle-Hughes, Australian-born New Zealand actress

Deaths

★ 809 - Harun al-Rashid, Abbasid caliph (b. 763)

★ 1153 - King David I of Scotland

★ 1284 - King Hugh III of Cyprus

★ 1361 - Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster, English soldier and diplomat

★ 1381 - Catherine of Sweden, Swedish saint

★ 1396 - Walter Hilton, English mystic

★ 1455 - Pope Nicholas V (b. 1397)

★ 1558 - Anna of Egmond, Countess of Egmond and Buren (b. 1533)

★ 1563 - Hosokawa Harumoto, Japanese military leader (b. 1514)

★ 1575 - Yosef Karo, Spanish-born rabbi (b. 1488)

★ 1603 - Queen Elizabeth I of England (b. 1533)

★ 1653 - Samuel Scheidt, German composer (b. 1587)

★ 1773 - Philip Dormer Stanhope, English statesman (b. 1694)

★ 1776 - John Harrison, English clockmaker (b. 1693)

★ 1869 - Antoine-Henri Jomini, French general (b. 1779)

★ 1881 - Joseph Delesse, French geologist (b. 1817)

★ 1882 - Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, American author (b. 1807)

★ 1887 - Ivan Kramskoi, Russian painter and art critic (b. 1837)

★ 1888 - Vsevolod Garshin, Russian author (b. 1855)

★ 1905 - Jules Verne, French author (b. 1828)

★ 1909 - John Millington Synge, Irish playwright (b. 1871)

★ 1915 - Karol Olszewski, Polish scientist (b. 1846)

★ 1916 - Enrique Granados, Spanish composer (b. 1867)

★ 1921 - Larry McLean, Canadian baseball player (b. 1881)

★ 1944 - Orde Wingate, British soldier (b. 1903)

★ 1946 - Alexander Alekhine, Russian chess player (b. 1892)

★ 1948 - Sigrid Hjertén, Swedish modernist painter (b. 1885)

★ 1950 - James Rudolph Garfield, American politician (b. 1865)

★ 1953 - Mary of Teck, queen consort to George V of the United Kingdom (b. 1867)

★ 1962 - Jean Goldkette, Greek-born musician (b. 1899)

★ 1962 - Auguste Piccard, Swiss physicist and explorer (b. 1884)

★ 1968 - Alice Guy-Blaché, American film director (b. 1873)

★ 1972 - Cristobal Balenciaga, Spanish couturier (b. 1895)

★ 1976 - Bernard Montgomery, British field marshal (b. 1887)

★ 1980 - Óscar Romero, Archbishop of El Salvador (b. 1917)

★ 1984 - Sam Jaffe, American actor (b. 1891)

★ 1990 - Ray Goulding, American comedian (b. 1922)

★ 1990 - An Wang, Chinese-born computer innovator (b. 1920)

★ 1991 - Sir John Kerr, 18th Governor General of Australia (b. 1914)

★ 1993 - John Hersey, American author (b. 1914)

★ 1997 - Harold Melvin, American singer (Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes) (b. 1939)

★ 1999 - Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, German women's leader (b. 1902)

★ 1999 - Birdie Tebbetts, American baseball player and manager (b. 1912)

★ 2001 - Muriel Young, English TV entertainer (b. 1928)

★ 2002 - César Milstein, Argentine scientist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1927)

★ 2003 - Hans Hermann Groër, Austrian Catholic archbishop (b. 1919)

★ 2006 - Lynne Perrie, English actress (b. 1931)

Holidays and observances

★ Ancient Latvia - Kazimiras Diena observed.

★ World Tuberculosis Day.

Liturgical feasts

★ Saint Macartan

★ Saint Simeon (died 1475)

★ Saint Catharine of Sweden (died 1381)

External links

★ BBC: On This Day

★

★ On This Day in Canada
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