. The largest Massachusetts district in area, it covers about one-third of the state and is more rural than the rest. It has the state's highest point,
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, has represented the district since June 1991.
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When the First District was originally created it covered part of eastern Massachusetts, generally south of Boston.
| Representative | Party | Years ↑ | District home | Note |
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| Fisher Ames | Pro-Administration | March 4, 1789 – March 3, 1793 | Dedham | |
General ticket, March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795 | Retired |
| Samuel Dexter | Pro-Administration | Lunenburg |
| Benjamin Goodhue | Pro-Administration | Salem | Resigned to become U.S. Senator |
| Samuel Holten | Anti-Administration | Danvers |
| Theodore Sedgwick | Federalist | March 4, 1795 – June 1796 | Stockbridge | Resigned |
| Vacant | June 1796 – January 271797 |
| Thomson J. Skinner | Democratic-Republican | January 27, 1797 – March 3, 1799 |
| Theodore Sedgwick | Federalist | March 4, 1799 – March 3, 1801 | Stockbridge |
| John Bacon | Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1801 – March 3, 1803 | Stockbridge |
| William Eustis | Democratic-Republican | March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1805 | | Lost reelection |
| Josiah Quincy III | Federalist | March 4, 1805 – March 3, 1813 | Boston |
| Artemas Ward, Jr. | Federalist | March 4, 1813 – March 3, 1817 | Charlestown |
| Jonathan Mason | Federalist | March 4, 1813 – May 15, 1820 | | Resigned to pursue law practice |
| Vacant | May 15, 1820 – November 6, 1820 |
| Benjamin Gorham | Federalist | November 6, 1820 – March 3, 1823 | Charlestown |
| Daniel Webster | Adams-Clay Federalist | March 4, 1823 – March 3, 1825 | Boston |
| Adams | March 4, 1825 – May 30, 1827 | Resigned to become U.S. Senator |
| Vacant | May 30, 1827 – July 23, 1827 |
| Benjamin Gorham | Anti-Jacksonian | July 23, 1827 – March 3, 1831 | Charlestown |
| Nathan Appleton | Anti-Jacksonian | March 4, 1831 – March 3, 1833 | Lowell | Retired |
| Benjamin Gorham | Anti-Jacksonian | March 4, 1833 – March 3, 1835 | Charlestown |
| Abbott Lawrence | Anti-Jacksonian | March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1837 |
| Richard Fletcher | Whig | March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1839 | Boston | Retired |
| Abbott Lawrence | Whig | March 4, 1839 – September 18, 1840 | | Resigned |
| Vacant | September 18, 1840 – November 9, 1840 |
| Robert C. Winthrop | Whig | November 9, 1840 – May 25, 1842 | Boston | Resigned |
| Vacant | May 25, 1842 – June 9, 1842 |
| Nathan Appleton | Whig | June 9, 1842 – September 28, 1842 | Lowell | Resigned |
| Vacant | September 28, 1842 – November 29, 1842 |
| Robert C. Winthrop | Whig | November 29, 1842 – July 30, 1850 | Boston | Resigned to become U.S. Senator |
| Vacant | July 30, 1850 – August 22, 1850 |
| Samuel A. Eliot | Whig | August 22, 1850 – March 3, 1851 | Boston | Retired |
| William Appleton | Whig | March 4, 1851 – March 3, 1853 | Brookfield | Moved to |
| Zeno Scudder | Whig | March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1854 | Osterville | Moved from Retired because of injury |
| Vacant | March 4 1854 – April 17 1854 |
| Thomas D. Eliot | Whig | April 17, 1854 – March 3, 1855 | New Bedford | Retired |
| Robert B. Hall | American (Know Nothing) | March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1857 | Plymouth |
| Republican | March 4, 1857 – March 3, 1859 |
| Thomas D. Eliot | Republican | March 4 1859 – March 3 1869 | New Bedford | Retired |
| James Buffinton | Republican | March 4, 1869 – March 7, 1875 | Fall River | Died |
| Vacant | March 7, 1875 – November 2, 1875 |
| William W. Crapo | Republican | November 2, 1875 – March 31883 | New Bedford | Retired |
| Robert T. Davis | Republican | March 41883 – March 3, 1889 | Fall River | Retired |
| Charles S. Randall | Republican | March 41889 – March 31893 | New Bedford | Moved to |
| Ashley B. Wright | Republican | March 4, 1893 – August 14, 1897 | Hinsdale | Died |
| Vacant | August 14, 1897 – November 2, 1897 |
| George P. Lawrence | Republican | November 2, 1897 – March 3, 1913 | North Adams | Retired |
| Allen T. Treadway | Republican | March 4, 1913 – January 3, 1945 | Stockbridge | Retired |
| John W. Heselton | Republican | January 3, 1945 – January 3, 1959 | Deerfield | Retired |
| Silvio O. Conte | Republican | January 3, 1959 – February 8, 1991 | Pittsfield | Died |
| Vacant | February 8, 1991 – June 4, 1991 |
| John Olver | Democratic | June 4, 1991 – Present | Amherst | Incumbent |
| Representative | Party | Years ↑ | District home | Note |
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