MAX PLANCK SOCIETY

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The 'Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e. V.' (abbreviated 'MPG', meaning 'Max Planck Society for the Advancement of Science') is an independent German non-profit research organization funded by the federal and state governments.
The Max Planck Society has a world-leading reputation as a science & technology research organization. In 2006, the ''Times Higher Education Supplement'' rankings[1] of non-university research institutions (based on international peer review by academics) placed the Max Planck Society as no.1 in the world for science research, and no.3 in technology research (behind AT&T and the Argonne National Laboratory in the United States).
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft operates 80 research institutes all over Germany (and in some cases in other European countries), which usually bear the name "Max Planck Institute (MPI) of ...". Their task is basic research in the natural sciences as
well as in the social sciences and humanities.
The Max Planck Institutes operate independently from, though in close cooperation with, the universities, and focus on innovative research which does not fit into the university structure due
to their interdisciplinary or transdisciplinary nature or which require resources that cannot be met by the state universities. They focus on excellence in research, with 16 Nobel prizes awarded to their scientists since 1948, and are generally regarded as the foremost basic research organization in Germany.
Internally, Max Planck Institutes are organized into research departments headed by directors such that each MPI has several directors, a position roughly comparable to anything from full professor to department head at a university. The Max Planck society itself is formally an ''eingetragener Verein'', a legal form of organization similar to a club, with the directors as scientific members having equal voting rights, and currently headed by biologist Peter Gruss. Funding is provided predominantly from federal and state sources, but also from research and license fees and donations. One of the larger donations from the Duke of Bavaria in 1967 was the castle Schloss Ringberg near Kreuth in Bavaria. The castle passed to the Max Planck Society after the death of the duke in 1973 and is now used for conferences.
The Max Planck Society was founded in Göttingen after World War II in 1948 as the successor organization to the Prussian Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gesellschaft, which was established in 1911 as a non-governmental research organization named for the then German emperor. The society's logo features Minerva, the Roman goddess of wisdom. If its direct predecessor is included, the Max Planck Society has won more Nobel Prizes than any other academic institution in the world.
The institutes have a total staff of approx. 12,300 permanent employees, including 4,200 scientists, plus around 9000 non-tenured scientists and guests. Their budget for 2006 was about 1.4 billion euro, with 84% from state and federal funds.
Apart from the research departments, the society funds a number of Independent Junior Research Groups and several International Max Planck Research Schools (43 at the end of 2005).
Other notable networks of publicly funded research institutes in Germany are the Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft, performing applied research with a focus on industrial collaborations, the Helmholtz-Gesellschaft, a network of the national laboratories in Germany, and the Leibniz-Gemeinschaft, a loose network of institutes performing basic to applied research.

Max Planck institutes

Research schools

List of presidents of the MPG

Former institutes

Max Planck institutes

The main administration building of the Max Planck Society in Munich.

Research schools

List of presidents of the MPG

★ Otto Hahn (1948-1960)

★ Adolf Butenandt (1960-1972)

★ Reimar Lüst (1972-1984)

★ Heinz Staab (1984-1990)

★ Hans F. Zacher (1990-1996)

★ Hubert Markl (1996-2002)

★ Peter Gruss (since 2002)

Former institutes

★ Max Planck Institute of Oceanic Biology in Wilhelmshaven renamed to Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology in 1968 and moved to Ladenburg 1977

★ Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology in Ladenburg was closed 2003

★ Max Planck Institute for Ionospheric Research in Katlenburg-Lindau was renamed to Max Planck Institute for Aeronomics in 1958

★ Max Planck Institute for Aeronomics in Katlenburg-Lindau was renamed to Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research in 2004

★ Max Planck Institute for Protein and Lether Research in Regensburg moved to Munich 1957 and was united with the Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry in 1977

★ Max Planck Institute for Virus Research in Tübingen since 1985 Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology

External links

★ Homepage of the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

★ English version

★ Interview with Manfred Eigen by Harry Kroto, NL Freeview video provided by the Vega Science Trust.

★ Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft - German Historical Museum

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MAX PLANCK SOCIETY

Max Planck institutes

Research schools

List of presidents of the MPG

Former institutes

See also

External links

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