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:''This article is about the atmospheric mesosphere, for the Earth' mantle see Mesosphere (mantle).''
The 'mesosphere' (from the Greek words ''mesos'' = middle and ''sphaira'' = ball) is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere that is directly above the stratosphere and directly below the thermosphere. The mesosphere is located from about 50 km to 80-90 km altitude above Earth's surface. Within this layer, temperature decreases with increasing altitude.^[1] The main dynamical features in this region are atmospheric tides, internal atmospheric gravity waves (usually just called "gravity waves") and planetary waves. Most of these waves and tides are excited in the troposphere and lower stratosphere and propagate upward to the mesosphere. In the mesosphere, gravity-wave amplitudes can become so large that the waves' dissipation transmits so much energy that it largely drives the global circulation of the mesosphere.

Because it lies between the maximum altitude for aircraft and the minimum altitude for orbital spacecraft, this region of the atmosphere has only been accessed through the use of sounding rockets. As a result, it is the most poorly understood part of the atmosphere. This has led the mesosphere and the lowest thermosphere to be jokingly referred to by scientists as the 'ignorosphere' [1] [2].
Temperatures in the upper mesosphere fall as low as -100°C (-146°F or 173 K) [3], varying according to latitude and season. Millions of meteors burn up daily in the mesosphere as a result of collisions with the gas particles contained there; this creates enough heat to vaporize almost all of the falling objects long before they reach the ground, resulting in a high concentration of iron and other metal atoms there.
The stratosphere and mesosphere are referred to as the middle atmosphere. The 'mesopause', at an altitude of 80-90 km, separates the mesosphere from the thermosphere—the second-outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere. This is also around the same altitude as the turbopause, below which different chemical species are well mixed due to turbulent eddies. Above this level the atmosphere becomes non-uniform; the scale heights of different chemical species differ by their molecular weights.
Noctilucent clouds are located in the mesosphere.

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See also

★ Edge of space

★ Meteors

★ Atmospheric reentry

★ Atmospheric tide

References

1.