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EspañolMETZORA (PARSHA)
'Metzora', 'Metzorah', 'M’tzora', 'Mezora', 'Metsora', or 'M’tsora' (מצורע — Hebrew for "one being diseased,” the ninth word, and the first distinctive word, in the parshah) is the 28th weekly Torah portion (''parshah'') in the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading and the fifth in the book of Leviticus. It constitutes Jews in the Diaspora generally read it in April.
The lunisolar Hebrew calendar contains up to 54 weeks, the exact number varying between leap years and regular years. In years with 54 weeks (for example, 2008, 2011, and 2014), parshah Metzora is read separately on the 28th Sabbath after Simchat Torah. In years with fewer than 54 weeks (for example, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2015), parshah Metzora is combined with the previous parshah, Tazria, to help achieve the needed number of weekly readings.
God told Moses the ritual for cleansing one with a skin disease. () If the priest saw that the person had healed, the priest would order two live clean birds, cedar wood, crimson stuff, and hyssop. () The priest would order one of the birds slaughtered over fresh water and would then dip the live bird, the cedar wood, the crimson stuff, and the hyssop in the blood of the slaughtered bird. () The priest would then sprinkle the blood seven times on the one who was to be cleansed and then set the live bird free. () The one to be cleansed would then wash his clothes, shave off his hair, bathe in water, and then be clean. () On the eighth day after that, the one being cleansed was to present two male lambs, one ewe lamb, choice flour, and oil for the priest to offer. () The priest was to put some of the blood and the oil on the ridge of the right ear, the right thumb, and the right big toe of the one being cleansed, and then put more of the oil on his head. () If the one being cleansed was poor, he could bring two turtle doves or pigeons in place of two of the lambs. ()
God then told Moses and Aaron the ritual for cleansing a house with an eruptive plague. () The owner was to tell the priest, who was to order the house cleared and then examine it. () If the plague in the walls was greenish or reddish streaks deep into the wall, the priest was to close the house for seven days. () If, after seven days, the plague had spread, the priest was to order the stones with the plague to be pulled out and cast outside the city. () The house was then to be scraped, the stones replaced, and the house replastered. () If the plague again broke out, the house was to be torn down. () If the plague did not break out again, the priest was to pronounce the house clean. () To purge the house, the priest was to take two birds, cedar wood, crimson stuff, and hyssop, slaughter one bird over fresh water, sprinkle on the house seven times with the bird’s blood, and then let the live bird go free. ()
God then told Moses and Aaron the ritual for cleansing a person who had a genital discharge. ()
When a man had a discharge from his member, he was unclean, and any bedding on which he lay and every object on which he sat was to be unclean. () Anyone who touched his body, touched his bedding, touched an object on which he sat, was touched by his spit, or was touched by him before he rinsed his hands was to wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. () An earthen vessel that he touched was to be broken, and any wooden implement was to be rinsed with water. () Seven days after the discharge ended, he was to wash his clothes, bathe his body in fresh water, and be clean. () On the eighth day, he was to give two turtle doves or two pigeons to the priest, who was to offer them to make expiation. ()
When a man had an emission of semen, he was to bathe and remain unclean until evening. () All material on which semen fell was to be washed in water and remain unclean until evening. () And if a man had carnal relations with a woman, they were both to bathe and remain unclean until evening. ()
When a woman had a menstrual discharge, she was to remain impure seven days, and whoever touched her was to be unclean until evening. () Anything that she lay on or sat on was unclean. () Anyone who touched her bedding or any object on which she has sat was to wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. () And if a man lay with her, her impurity was communicated to him and he was to be unclean seven days, and any bedding on which he lay became unclean. () When a woman had an irregular discharge of blood, she was to be unclean as long as her discharge lasted. () Seven days after the discharge ended, she was to be clean. () On the eighth day, she was to give two turtle doves or two pigeons to the priest, who was to offer them to make expiation. ()
God told Moses and Aaron to put the Israelites on guard against uncleanness, lest they die by defiling God’s Tabernacle. ()
Tractate Negaim in the Mishnah and Tosefta interpreted the laws of leprosy in (Mishnah Negaim 1:1–14:13; Tosefta Negaim 1:1–9:9.)
Rabbi Johanan said in the name of Rabbi Joseph ben Zimra that anyone who bears evil tales (''lashon hara'') will be visited by the plague of leprosy (''tzaraat''), as it is said in “Whoever slanders his neighbor in secret, him will I destroy (''azmit'').” The Gemara read ''azmit'' to allude to ''tzaraat'', and cited how says “in perpetuity” (''la-zemitut''). And Resh Lakish interpreted the words of : “This shall be the law of the leper (''metzora'')” to mean “This shall be the law for him who brings up an evil name (''motzi shem ra'').” (Babylonian Talmud Arachin 15b.)
Rabbi Samuel bar Nahmani said in the name of Rabbi Johanan that the plague of leprosy results from seven things: slander, the shedding of blood, vain oath, incest, arrogance, robbery, and envy. (Babylonian Talmud Arachin 16a.)
A Baraita taught that there never was a leprous house within the meaning of and never will be. The Gemara asked why then the law was written, and replied that it was so that one may study it and receive reward. But Rabbi Eliezer the son of Rabbi Zadok and Rabbi Simeon of Kefar Acco both cited cases where local tradition reported the ruins of such houses, in Gaza and Galilee, respectively. (Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 71a.)
According Sefer ha-Chinuch, there are 11 positive and no negative commandments in the parshah:
★ To carry out the prescribed rules for purifying the person affected by tzara'at ()
★ The person affected by tzara'at must shave off all his hair prior to purification. ()
★ Every impure person must immerse in a mikvah to become pure. ()
★ A person affected by tzara'at must bring an offering after going to the mikvah. ()
★ To observe the laws of impurity caused by a house's tzara'at ()
★ To observe the laws of impurity caused by a man's running issue ()
★ A man who had a running issue must bring an offering after he goes to the mikvah. ()
★ To observe the laws of impurity of a seminal emission ()
★ To observe the laws of menstrual impurity ()
★ To observe the laws of impurity caused by a woman's running issue ()
★ A woman who had a running issue must bring an offering after she goes to the mikvah. ()
(''Sefer HaHinnuch: The Book of [Mitzvah] Education''. Translated by Charles Wengrov, 2:233–75. Jerusalem: Feldheim Pub., 1984. ISBN 0-87306-296-5.)
The haftarah for the parshah is 2 Kings 7:3–20. Both the parshah and the haftarah deal with people stricken with skin disease.
When the parshah coincides with Shabbat HaChodesh ("Sabbath [of] the month," the special Sabbath preceding the Hebrew month of Nissan — as it does in 2008), the haftarah is:
★ for Ashkenazi Jews: Ezekiel 45:16–46:18
★ for Sephardi Jews:
On Shabbat HaChodesh, Jews read in which God commands that “This month [Nissan] shall be the beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year” (), and in which God issued the commandments of Passover. () Similarly, the haftarah in discusses Passover. In both the special reading and the haftarah, God instructs the Israelites to apply blood to doorposts. ( )
When the parshah coincides with Shabbat Rosh Chodesh (as it does in 2009), the haftarah is Isaiah 66:1–24.
The parshah has parallels or is discussed in these sources:
★ Psalms 51:9 (“Purge me with hyssop”); 78:5–6 (to teach); 91:10 (plague on dwelling); 119:97–99 (learning from the law).
★ Philo. ''Allegorical Interpretation'' 3:4:15; ''That the Worse Is Wont To Attack the Better'' 6:16; ''On the Unchangableness of God'' 28:131–35. Alexandria, Egypt, early 1st Century C.E.. Reprinted in, e.g., ''The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition''. Translated by Charles Duke Yonge, 51, 113, 169. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Pub., 1993. ISBN 0-943575-93-1.
★ Josephus, ''Antiquities of the Jews'' 3:11:3–4. Circa 93–94. Reprinted in, e.g., ''The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition''. Translated by William Whiston, 96–97. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Pub., 1987. ISBN 0-913573-86-8.
★ Mishnah: Pesachim 8:5; Shekalim 5:3; Moed Katan 3:1–2; Nazir 7:3; Horayot 1:3; Zevachim 4:3; Menachot 5:6–7, 9:3; Bekhorot 7:2; Negaim 1:1–14:13; Parah 1:4, 6:5; Niddah 1:1–10:8. Land of Israel, circa 200 C.E. Reprinted in, e.g., ''The Mishnah: A New Translation''. Translated by Jacob Neusner, 245, 259, 327, 443–44, 690, 706, 743, 751, 801, 981–1012, 1014, 1021, 1084, 1090. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-300-05022-4.
★ Tosefta: Demai 2:7; Challah 2:7; Sotah 1:8; Menachot 7:16, 10:1; Chullin 10:14; Negaim 1:1–9:9. Land of Israel, circa 300 C.E. Reprinted in, e.g., ''The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, with a New Introduction''. Translated by Jacob Neusner, 1:85, 339, 835; 2:1404, 1438, 1450, 1709–44. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Pub., 2002. ISBN 1-56563-642-2.
★ Sifra 148:1–173:9. Land of Israel, 4th Century C.E. Reprinted in, e.g., ''Sifra: An Analytical Translation''. Translated by Jacob Neusner, 2:325–429. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988. ISBN 1-55540-206-2.
★ Mekhilta of Rabbi Simeon 13:1; 57:3; 59:3. Land of Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., ''Mekhilta de-Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai''. Translated by W. David Nelson, 43, 258, 268. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2006. ISBN 0-8276-0799-7.
★ Leviticus Rabbah 16:1–19:6; 34:6. Land of Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., ''Midrash Rabbah: Leviticus''. Translated by H. Freedman and Maurice Simon, 4:199–249, 431. London: Soncino Press, 1939. ISBN 0-900689-38-2.
★ Rashi. ''Commentary''. Leviticus 14–15. Troyes, France, late 11th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Rashi. ''The Torah: With Rashi’s Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated''. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, 3:159–90. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994. ISBN 0-89906-028-5.
★ Judah Halevi. ''Kuzari''. 3:53. Toledo, Spain, 1130–1140. Reprinted in, e.g., Jehuda Halevi. ''Kuzari: An Argument for the Faith of Israel.'' Intro. by Henry Slonimsky, 181. New York: Schocken, 1964. ISBN 0-8052-0075-4.
★ Maimonides. ''The Guide for the Perplexed'', 3:47. Cairo, Egypt, 1190. Reprinted in, e.g., Moses Maimonides. ''The Guide for the Perplexed''. Translated by Michael Friedländer, 367–68, 370. New York: Dover Publications, 1956. ISBN 0-486-20351-4.
★ Zohar 3:52b–56a. Spain, late 13th Century.
★ Thomas Hobbes. ''Leviathan'', England, 1651. Reprint edited by C. B. Macpherson, 503–04. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Classics, 1982. ISBN 0140431950.
★ Helen Frenkley. “The Search for Roots—Israel’s Biblical Landscape Reserve.” In ''Biblical Archaeology Review'', 12:5. Sept./Oct. 1986.
★ Jacob Milgrom. ''Leviticus 1–16'', 3:827–1009. New York: Anchor Bible, 1998. ISBN 0-385-11434-6.
★ Masoretic text and 1917 JPS translation
★ Hear the parshah chanted
★ Commentaries from the Jewish Theological Seminary
★ Commentaries from the University of Judaism
★ Torah Insights and Torah Tidbits from the Orthodox Union
★ Commentaries and Family Shabbat Table Talk from the Union for Reform Judaism
★ Commentaries from Reconstructionist Judaism
★ Commentaries from Chabad.org
★ Commentaries from Torah.org
★ Commentaries from Aish.com
★ Commentaries from Shiur.com
★ Commentaries from Torah from Dixie
★ Commentary from Ohr Sameach
★ Commentaries and Shabbat Table Talk from The Sephardic Institute
★ Commentary from Teach613.org, Torah Education at Cherry Hill
★ Commentary from Anshe Emes Synagogue, Los Angeles
The lunisolar Hebrew calendar contains up to 54 weeks, the exact number varying between leap years and regular years. In years with 54 weeks (for example, 2008, 2011, and 2014), parshah Metzora is read separately on the 28th Sabbath after Simchat Torah. In years with fewer than 54 weeks (for example, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, and 2015), parshah Metzora is combined with the previous parshah, Tazria, to help achieve the needed number of weekly readings.
cedar wood
| Contents |
| Summary |
| In classical rabbinic interpretation |
| Leviticus chapter 14 |
| Commandments |
| Haftarah |
| On Shabbat HaChodesh |
| On Shabbat Rosh Chodesh |
| Further reading |
| External links |
| Texts |
| Commentaries |
Summary
God told Moses the ritual for cleansing one with a skin disease. () If the priest saw that the person had healed, the priest would order two live clean birds, cedar wood, crimson stuff, and hyssop. () The priest would order one of the birds slaughtered over fresh water and would then dip the live bird, the cedar wood, the crimson stuff, and the hyssop in the blood of the slaughtered bird. () The priest would then sprinkle the blood seven times on the one who was to be cleansed and then set the live bird free. () The one to be cleansed would then wash his clothes, shave off his hair, bathe in water, and then be clean. () On the eighth day after that, the one being cleansed was to present two male lambs, one ewe lamb, choice flour, and oil for the priest to offer. () The priest was to put some of the blood and the oil on the ridge of the right ear, the right thumb, and the right big toe of the one being cleansed, and then put more of the oil on his head. () If the one being cleansed was poor, he could bring two turtle doves or pigeons in place of two of the lambs. ()
hyssop
God then told Moses and Aaron the ritual for cleansing a house with an eruptive plague. () The owner was to tell the priest, who was to order the house cleared and then examine it. () If the plague in the walls was greenish or reddish streaks deep into the wall, the priest was to close the house for seven days. () If, after seven days, the plague had spread, the priest was to order the stones with the plague to be pulled out and cast outside the city. () The house was then to be scraped, the stones replaced, and the house replastered. () If the plague again broke out, the house was to be torn down. () If the plague did not break out again, the priest was to pronounce the house clean. () To purge the house, the priest was to take two birds, cedar wood, crimson stuff, and hyssop, slaughter one bird over fresh water, sprinkle on the house seven times with the bird’s blood, and then let the live bird go free. ()
God then told Moses and Aaron the ritual for cleansing a person who had a genital discharge. ()
When a man had a discharge from his member, he was unclean, and any bedding on which he lay and every object on which he sat was to be unclean. () Anyone who touched his body, touched his bedding, touched an object on which he sat, was touched by his spit, or was touched by him before he rinsed his hands was to wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. () An earthen vessel that he touched was to be broken, and any wooden implement was to be rinsed with water. () Seven days after the discharge ended, he was to wash his clothes, bathe his body in fresh water, and be clean. () On the eighth day, he was to give two turtle doves or two pigeons to the priest, who was to offer them to make expiation. ()
When a man had an emission of semen, he was to bathe and remain unclean until evening. () All material on which semen fell was to be washed in water and remain unclean until evening. () And if a man had carnal relations with a woman, they were both to bathe and remain unclean until evening. ()
When a woman had a menstrual discharge, she was to remain impure seven days, and whoever touched her was to be unclean until evening. () Anything that she lay on or sat on was unclean. () Anyone who touched her bedding or any object on which she has sat was to wash his clothes, bathe in water, and remain unclean until evening. () And if a man lay with her, her impurity was communicated to him and he was to be unclean seven days, and any bedding on which he lay became unclean. () When a woman had an irregular discharge of blood, she was to be unclean as long as her discharge lasted. () Seven days after the discharge ended, she was to be clean. () On the eighth day, she was to give two turtle doves or two pigeons to the priest, who was to offer them to make expiation. ()
God told Moses and Aaron to put the Israelites on guard against uncleanness, lest they die by defiling God’s Tabernacle. ()
In classical rabbinic interpretation
Leviticus chapter 14
Tractate Negaim in the Mishnah and Tosefta interpreted the laws of leprosy in (Mishnah Negaim 1:1–14:13; Tosefta Negaim 1:1–9:9.)
Rabbi Johanan said in the name of Rabbi Joseph ben Zimra that anyone who bears evil tales (''lashon hara'') will be visited by the plague of leprosy (''tzaraat''), as it is said in “Whoever slanders his neighbor in secret, him will I destroy (''azmit'').” The Gemara read ''azmit'' to allude to ''tzaraat'', and cited how says “in perpetuity” (''la-zemitut''). And Resh Lakish interpreted the words of : “This shall be the law of the leper (''metzora'')” to mean “This shall be the law for him who brings up an evil name (''motzi shem ra'').” (Babylonian Talmud Arachin 15b.)
Rabbi Samuel bar Nahmani said in the name of Rabbi Johanan that the plague of leprosy results from seven things: slander, the shedding of blood, vain oath, incest, arrogance, robbery, and envy. (Babylonian Talmud Arachin 16a.)
A Baraita taught that there never was a leprous house within the meaning of and never will be. The Gemara asked why then the law was written, and replied that it was so that one may study it and receive reward. But Rabbi Eliezer the son of Rabbi Zadok and Rabbi Simeon of Kefar Acco both cited cases where local tradition reported the ruins of such houses, in Gaza and Galilee, respectively. (Babylonian Talmud Sanhedrin 71a.)
Commandments
According Sefer ha-Chinuch, there are 11 positive and no negative commandments in the parshah:
★ To carry out the prescribed rules for purifying the person affected by tzara'at ()
★ The person affected by tzara'at must shave off all his hair prior to purification. ()
★ Every impure person must immerse in a mikvah to become pure. ()
★ A person affected by tzara'at must bring an offering after going to the mikvah. ()
★ To observe the laws of impurity caused by a house's tzara'at ()
★ To observe the laws of impurity caused by a man's running issue ()
★ A man who had a running issue must bring an offering after he goes to the mikvah. ()
★ To observe the laws of impurity of a seminal emission ()
★ To observe the laws of menstrual impurity ()
★ To observe the laws of impurity caused by a woman's running issue ()
★ A woman who had a running issue must bring an offering after she goes to the mikvah. ()
(''Sefer HaHinnuch: The Book of [Mitzvah] Education''. Translated by Charles Wengrov, 2:233–75. Jerusalem: Feldheim Pub., 1984. ISBN 0-87306-296-5.)
Haftarah
The haftarah for the parshah is 2 Kings 7:3–20. Both the parshah and the haftarah deal with people stricken with skin disease.
Ezekiel (painting by Michelangelo)
On Shabbat HaChodesh
When the parshah coincides with Shabbat HaChodesh ("Sabbath [of] the month," the special Sabbath preceding the Hebrew month of Nissan — as it does in 2008), the haftarah is:
★ for Ashkenazi Jews: Ezekiel 45:16–46:18
★ for Sephardi Jews:
On Shabbat HaChodesh, Jews read in which God commands that “This month [Nissan] shall be the beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year” (), and in which God issued the commandments of Passover. () Similarly, the haftarah in discusses Passover. In both the special reading and the haftarah, God instructs the Israelites to apply blood to doorposts. ( )
On Shabbat Rosh Chodesh
When the parshah coincides with Shabbat Rosh Chodesh (as it does in 2009), the haftarah is Isaiah 66:1–24.
Further reading
The parshah has parallels or is discussed in these sources:
★ Psalms 51:9 (“Purge me with hyssop”); 78:5–6 (to teach); 91:10 (plague on dwelling); 119:97–99 (learning from the law).
★ Philo. ''Allegorical Interpretation'' 3:4:15; ''That the Worse Is Wont To Attack the Better'' 6:16; ''On the Unchangableness of God'' 28:131–35. Alexandria, Egypt, early 1st Century C.E.. Reprinted in, e.g., ''The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition''. Translated by Charles Duke Yonge, 51, 113, 169. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Pub., 1993. ISBN 0-943575-93-1.
★ Josephus, ''Antiquities of the Jews'' 3:11:3–4. Circa 93–94. Reprinted in, e.g., ''The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged, New Updated Edition''. Translated by William Whiston, 96–97. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Pub., 1987. ISBN 0-913573-86-8.
★ Mishnah: Pesachim 8:5; Shekalim 5:3; Moed Katan 3:1–2; Nazir 7:3; Horayot 1:3; Zevachim 4:3; Menachot 5:6–7, 9:3; Bekhorot 7:2; Negaim 1:1–14:13; Parah 1:4, 6:5; Niddah 1:1–10:8. Land of Israel, circa 200 C.E. Reprinted in, e.g., ''The Mishnah: A New Translation''. Translated by Jacob Neusner, 245, 259, 327, 443–44, 690, 706, 743, 751, 801, 981–1012, 1014, 1021, 1084, 1090. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. ISBN 0-300-05022-4.
★ Tosefta: Demai 2:7; Challah 2:7; Sotah 1:8; Menachot 7:16, 10:1; Chullin 10:14; Negaim 1:1–9:9. Land of Israel, circa 300 C.E. Reprinted in, e.g., ''The Tosefta: Translated from the Hebrew, with a New Introduction''. Translated by Jacob Neusner, 1:85, 339, 835; 2:1404, 1438, 1450, 1709–44. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson Pub., 2002. ISBN 1-56563-642-2.
★ Sifra 148:1–173:9. Land of Israel, 4th Century C.E. Reprinted in, e.g., ''Sifra: An Analytical Translation''. Translated by Jacob Neusner, 2:325–429. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1988. ISBN 1-55540-206-2.
★ Mekhilta of Rabbi Simeon 13:1; 57:3; 59:3. Land of Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., ''Mekhilta de-Rabbi Shimon bar Yohai''. Translated by W. David Nelson, 43, 258, 268. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society, 2006. ISBN 0-8276-0799-7.
★ Leviticus Rabbah 16:1–19:6; 34:6. Land of Israel, 5th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., ''Midrash Rabbah: Leviticus''. Translated by H. Freedman and Maurice Simon, 4:199–249, 431. London: Soncino Press, 1939. ISBN 0-900689-38-2.
★ Rashi. ''Commentary''. Leviticus 14–15. Troyes, France, late 11th Century. Reprinted in, e.g., Rashi. ''The Torah: With Rashi’s Commentary Translated, Annotated, and Elucidated''. Translated and annotated by Yisrael Isser Zvi Herczeg, 3:159–90. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications, 1994. ISBN 0-89906-028-5.
★ Judah Halevi. ''Kuzari''. 3:53. Toledo, Spain, 1130–1140. Reprinted in, e.g., Jehuda Halevi. ''Kuzari: An Argument for the Faith of Israel.'' Intro. by Henry Slonimsky, 181. New York: Schocken, 1964. ISBN 0-8052-0075-4.
★ Maimonides. ''The Guide for the Perplexed'', 3:47. Cairo, Egypt, 1190. Reprinted in, e.g., Moses Maimonides. ''The Guide for the Perplexed''. Translated by Michael Friedländer, 367–68, 370. New York: Dover Publications, 1956. ISBN 0-486-20351-4.
★ Zohar 3:52b–56a. Spain, late 13th Century.
★ Thomas Hobbes. ''Leviathan'', England, 1651. Reprint edited by C. B. Macpherson, 503–04. Harmondsworth, England: Penguin Classics, 1982. ISBN 0140431950.
★ Helen Frenkley. “The Search for Roots—Israel’s Biblical Landscape Reserve.” In ''Biblical Archaeology Review'', 12:5. Sept./Oct. 1986.
★ Jacob Milgrom. ''Leviticus 1–16'', 3:827–1009. New York: Anchor Bible, 1998. ISBN 0-385-11434-6.
External links
Texts
★ Masoretic text and 1917 JPS translation
★ Hear the parshah chanted
Commentaries
★ Commentaries from the Jewish Theological Seminary
★ Commentaries from the University of Judaism
★ Torah Insights and Torah Tidbits from the Orthodox Union
★ Commentaries and Family Shabbat Table Talk from the Union for Reform Judaism
★ Commentaries from Reconstructionist Judaism
★ Commentaries from Chabad.org
★ Commentaries from Torah.org
★ Commentaries from Aish.com
★ Commentaries from Shiur.com
★ Commentaries from Torah from Dixie
★ Commentary from Ohr Sameach
★ Commentaries and Shabbat Table Talk from The Sephardic Institute
★ Commentary from Teach613.org, Torah Education at Cherry Hill
★ Commentary from Anshe Emes Synagogue, Los Angeles
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