'Michael Rubens Bloomberg' (born
14 February 1942) is an
American businessman,
philanthropist, and the founder of
Bloomberg L.P., currently serving as the
Mayor of New York City. He was a general partner at
Salomon Brothers before founding the financial
software service company in 1981. Although a lifelong
Democrat, he ran on the
Republican ballot and was elected mayor in 2001, and was reelected to a second term in 2005. He is frequently mentioned as a possible
independent candidate for the
2008 presidential election and fueled that speculation when he left the Republican Party in June 2007;
[2] however, he has denied any plans to run.
Personal life and business career
Bloomberg was born to a
Jewish family of Russian
[Mike Bloomberg Genealogy] and Polish
[3] ancestry, at
St. Elizabeth's Hospital, in the Boston neighborhood of
Brighton on
14 February 1942. His parents were Charlotte Rubens, living in
2006, and William Henry Bloomberg, who was born in
Chelsea, Massachusetts, the son of Elick Bloomberg, a
Russian Jewish immigrant and a real-estate agent.
He lived at 100 Brainerd Road, in the Boston neighborhood of
Allston, until he was two years old, when the family moved to Atherton Road, in
Brookline, Massachusetts. When he was four, his family moved to
Medford, Massachusetts, a Boston suburb. He lived there until after he graduated from college. He attended
Johns Hopkins University, where he joined
Phi Kappa Psi, and graduated in
1964 with a
Bachelor of Science (B.S.) degree in
electrical engineering. Later he received his
Master of Business Administration (MBA) degree from
Harvard Business School. He is an
Eagle Scout in the
Boy Scouts of America.
[4][5]
Bloomberg married
Yorkshire-born Susan Brown. After 19 years of marriage, they divorced in 1993. They had two daughters,
Georgina Bloomberg (who has been featured on ''
Born Rich'', a
documentary film about the children of the extremely wealthy) and Emma Bloomberg. Georgina was romantically linked in 2007 with
Cian O'Connor, the Irish showjumper whose 2004 Olympic gold medal was withdrawn.
[6] His current
girlfriend is former New York state banking
superintendent Diana Taylor. His younger sister, Marjorie Tiven, is Commissioner of the New York City Commission for the
United Nations, Consular Corps and Protocol. His mother, Charlotte Bloomberg (born
3 January 1909), is reported to be in very good health for her age.
Bloomberg was a general partner at
Salomon Brothers, where he headed
equity trading, sales and, later,
systems development. He made his fortune with his own company,
Bloomberg L.P., selling financial
information terminals to
Wall Street firms; the company also began a radio network (the flagship station is 1130
WBBR-AM in
New York City).
Bloomberg is among the
world's richest people. He was ranked 34th by ''
Forbes magazine''
in its list of
400 Richest Americans in September 2006. He was ranked 142nd in its list of the
The World's Billionaires in March 2007. Bloomberg has written an
autobiography, ''Bloomberg by Bloomberg'' (1997, ISBN 0-471-15545-4).
Bloomberg does not reside in
Gracie Mansion, the official mayor's mansion, but at his own home elsewhere on the
Upper East Side (
17 East 79th Street between Madison and Fifth Avenues). He maintains his home address in the
white pages and often rides the subway to
City Hall. Bloomberg also owns a home in the
British territory of
Bermuda.
Bloomberg currently serves as an ex-officio
trustee of the
Museum of Modern Art.
Philanthropy
Forbes and other sources report his net worth at US$5.5 billion,
[7] which, in addition to aiding his political career, has allowed him to engage in substantial
philanthropy, including the donation of over US$300 million to
Johns Hopkins University,
[8] where he served as the chairman of the board from
1996 to
2002.
According to the Chronicle of Philanthropy, Mr. Bloomberg donated and or pledged $138 million in
2004, $144 million in
2005 and $165 million in
2006.
[9]
2006 recipients include the Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids;
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School for Public Health; World Lung Foundation and the
World Health Organization.
According to ''
The New York Times'',
[10]
Mr. Bloomberg has been an “anonymous donor” to the
Carnegie Corporation each year for the last several years with gifts ranging from $5-$20 million. The Carnegie Corporation has distributed this contribution to hundreds of New York City organizations
[11]
ranging from the Dance Theater of Harlem to Gilda’s Club, a not-for-profit organization that provides support to people and families living with
cancer.
In 1996, Bloomberg endowed the William Henry Bloomberg Professorship at Harvard with a $3 million gift in honor of his father, who died in 1963, saying, "throughout his life, he recognized the importance of reaching out to the nonprofit sector to help better the welfare of the entire community."
[12] He also endowed his hometown synagogue, which was renamed for his parents, Temple Shalom, the William and Charlotte Bloomberg Jewish Community Center of Medford.
[13]
His charitable contributions were such that he was ranked seventh in the United States in philanthropic endeavors.
Harassment controversies
Bloomberg has been sued over allegations about
sexual harassment and
discrimination at his companies.
[14] Allegedly, he said "I'd do her" in reference to a female employee, and complained when one woman became pregnant.
[15] He was also accused of failing to investigate a sexual assault alleged to have been perpetrated by one of his company's executives. All lawsuits over these issues were withdrawn or settled outside of the courts.
[16]
Awards and honors
In February 2003, Bloomberg received the "Award for Distinguished Leadership in Global Capital Markets" from the
Yale School of Management. He was named the 39th most influential person in the world in the 2007
Time 100.
[17] In September, 2007,
Vanity Fair ranked him #9 their "Vanity Fair 100: The 2007 New Establishment."
[18] At the 2007 Commencement exercises for
Tufts University, Mayor Bloomberg, a native of Medford, Massachusetts, delivered the commencement address at graduation. He was also awarded an
honorary degree in
Public Service from the university.
Political career
2001 election
In
2001, the
incumbent mayor,
Rudy Giuliani, was ineligible for re-election, as New York limits the mayoralty to two terms. Several well-known New York City politicians aspired to succeed him. Bloomberg, a lifelong member of the
Democratic Party, decided to run for mayor as a member of the
Republican Party.
Voting in the primary began on the morning of
11 September 2001. Later that day, however, because of the
World Trade Center September 11, 2001 attacks, the primary was postponed. In the rescheduled primary, Bloomberg defeated
Herman Badillo, a former
Congressman, to become the Republican nominee. The Democratic primary did not produce a first-round winner. There was a
runoff, in which the nomination went to New York City
Public Advocate Mark J. Green.
In the general election, Bloomberg had Giuliani's endorsement. He also enjoyed a huge spending advantage. New York City's
campaign finance law restricted the contributions a candidate could accept, but Bloomberg exercised his right to opt out of this law, attracting some criticism. He spent some $73 million of his own money on his campaign, outspending Green by five to one.
[19] One of the major themes of his campaign was that, with the city's economy suffering from the effects of the attacks, it needed a mayor with business experience.
In addition to being the Republican nominee, Bloomberg had the ballot line of the controversial
Independence Party, in which "Social Therapy" leaders
Fred Newman and
Lenora Fulani exert strong influence. The latter proved important, as Bloomberg's votes on that line exceeded his margin of victory over Green. (Under
New York's
fusion rules, a candidate can run on more than one party's line and combine all the votes received on all lines. Green, the Democrat, also had the ballot line of the
Working Families Party.) Another factor was the vote on
Staten Island, which has traditionally been far friendlier to Republicans than the rest of the city. Bloomberg crushed Green in that borough, taking 75% of the vote there. Overall,
Bloomberg won 50% to 48%.
Bloomberg declined the mayor's salary, accepting remuneration of $1.00 annually. He is considered a social-
liberal, who is
pro-choice, in favor of
legalizing same-sex marriage and an advocate for stricter
gun control laws.
Bloomberg's election marked the first time in New York City history that two Republicans had been elected mayor consecutively.
2005 election
Bloomberg was
re-elected mayor in November 2005 by a margin of 20%, the widest margin ever for a Republican mayor of New York.
[1]
Bloomberg had spent over $66 million on his campaign by late October 2005, and was projected to exceed the record of $74 million he spent on the previous election. He chose not to use public campaign funds and therefore his campaign was not subject to the restrictions imposed on candidates who accept such funding.
In late 2004 or early 2005, he gave the
Independence Party $250,000 to fund a phone bank seeking to recruit volunteers for his re-election campaign.
[2]
Former Bronx Borough President
Fernando Ferrer won the Democratic nomination to oppose Bloomberg in the general election; there was no opposition in the Republican primary, as Bloomberg's campaign successfully sued to keep
Thomas Ognibene off the ballot. Ognibene, who ultimately ran on the
Conservative Party ticket, accused Bloomberg of betraying Republican Party ideals.
Bloomberg was the most prominent Republican to oppose the confirmation of
John Roberts as
Chief Justice of the United States.
[3] Though a Republican at the time, Bloomberg is a staunch supporter of
abortion rights and did not believe that Roberts was committed to maintaining
Roe v. Wade.
In addition to receiving Republican support, Bloomberg obtained the endorsements of several prominent Democrats: former Democratic Mayor
Ed Koch, former Democratic governor
Hugh Carey, former Democratic City Council Speaker
Peter Vallone, his son, Councilman
Peter Vallone, Jr., former Democratic Congressman
Floyd Flake (who had previously endorsed Bloomberg in 2001), and
Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz.
[4]
Mayoralty
Main articles: Mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg
Bloomberg assumed office as the 108th
Mayor of New York City on
January 1,
2002. He won reelection in
2005. Bloomberg has maintained high levels of approval through his tenure as Mayor.
Bloomberg has said he wants reforming
public education to be the legacy of his first term and addressing
poverty to be the legacy of his second.
[20] He is known as a political
pragmatist and for a managerial style that reflects his experience in the
private sector. Bloomberg has chosen to apply a statistical, results-based approach to city management, appointing city commissioners based on their expertise and granting them wide autonomy in their decision-making. Breaking with 190 years of tradition, Bloomberg implemented a "
bullpen" open office plan, reminiscent of a
Wall Street trading floor, in which dozens of aides and managerial staff are seated together in a large chamber. The design is intended to promote accountability and accessibility.
Post-Mayoral plans
Bloomberg's term as mayor ends on
December 31,
2009. He is prohibited by
term limits from being re-elected in November 2009, however, he can be elected mayor again after a four-year wait. The election means that the Republicans have won the previous four mayoral elections (although Bloomberg's decision to leave the Republican Party and be declared an independent on June 19, 2007 resulted in the Republican Party losing the mayor's seat prior to the expiration of his second term). Bloomberg joins
Rudy Giuliani and
Fiorello LaGuardia as re-elected Republican mayors in this mostly Democratic city. (
John Lindsay was also elected mayor of New York twice while a registered Republican; however, Lindsay did not receive the Republican Party nomination during his campaign for re-election, and he switched to the Democratic Party during his second term.)
Mayor Bloomberg has repeatedly stated his intention to return to a life of
philanthropy once his eight-year tenure in office expires. In pursuit of this goal, he has purchased a prospective headquarters for his planned foundation on the
Upper East Side, originally built by
Stuyvesant Fish, for $45 million.
Possible 2008 Presidential campaign
Despite public statements by Bloomberg denying plans for a Presidential run in 2008
[21], many pundits have cited events that lead them to believe that Bloomberg will announce a campaign at a later date. These include several attempts by political leaders and organizers to bring him into the race:
★ In summer 2006, he met with
Al From of the centrist group the
Democratic Leadership Council to talk about the logistics of a possible run.
[22]
★ In November 2006 Virginia Independent leaders, Carey Campbell, Gail Parker, and Joe Oddo launched www.DraftMichael.com, and filed the Committee to Draft Michael Bloomberg for President with the Federal Elections Commission. By July 2007 they had Chairman for nearly every state in the nation leading the 'Draft Michael Bloomberg' effort.
★ Bloomberg re-launched his personal website (http://www.mikebloomberg.com), which had been defunct since his successful election to a second mayoral term. Writing in the ''
New York Sun'', Jill Gardiner noted Bloomberg's site was conspicuously red white and blue and "strikingly similar to the sites of the 2008 presidential candidates.", as well as the domain name (http://mike2008.com) redirecting to his personal website.
[23]
★ After a conversation with Bloomberg, Republican
Senator Chuck Hagel of
Nebraska suggested that he and Bloomberg could run on a shared independent ticket for the presidency.
[24]
★ On ''
This Week'' on
June 10,
2007, anchor
George Stephanopoulos included panelist
Jay Carney who mentioned a conversation between Bloomberg and top staffers where he heard Bloomberg ask approximately how much a presidential campaign would cost. Carney said that one staffer replied "around $500 million." According to a Washington Post article, a $500 million budget would allow Bloomberg to circumvent many of the common obstacles faced by
third party candidates seeking the
White House.
[25]
On
June 19,
2007, Bloomberg left the
Republican Party, filing as an Independent after a speech criticizing the current political climate in Washington.
[26][27]
On August 2, 2007 Draft Michael Bloomberg Director Gail Parker
[28] launched a "Heartland of the Homeland tour to Draft Michael Bloomberg for President". Through August 18th Parker visited with media, and Draft Bloomberg state chairs in North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansans, Oklahoma and Nebraska. Parker collected petition signatures in Arkansas. She focused on organizing petition drives in two of the nation's most difficult states (Oklahoma, and North Carolina).
In an August 9, 2007 interview with former CBS anchor Dan Rather that aired on August 21, Bloomberg categorically stated that he was not running for President, that he would not be running, and that there were no circumstances in which he would, saying, "If somebody asks me where I stand, I tell them. And that’s not a way to get elected, generally. Nobody’s going to elect me President of the United States. What I’d like to do is to be able to influence the dialogue. I’m a citizen."
[29]
Possible Vice Presidential campaign
While Bloomberg has stated that he will not run for President of the United States, there is some speculation that he would be a candidate for the Vice President. In a blog posting of June 21, 2007
The Politico's
Ben Smith asks the question of whether a VP candidate can self-finance an entire presidential ticket.
[5] While there is no precedent for such a move, many believe that Bloomberg would in fact be legally permitted to self-finance a campaign as the VP candidate. Adding more fuel to the speculation that Bloomberg might consider a VP slot are a series of meetings he had with former Georgia Senator
Sam Nunn, a Democrat.
[6] Nunn expressed his interest in running for president in 2008 and that if he runs, he would do so as an independent.
Political positions
Bloomberg delivering a speech
Bloomberg holds a variety of different politicial positions which are generally
centrist, drawing from both
Democratic Party and
Republican Party positions on different key American issues.
Social issues
On the major issue of
abortion, Bloomberg is considered
pro-choice. He supports abortion rights, stating: "Reproductive choice is a fundamental human right and we can never take it for granted, on this issue, you're either with us or against us." He has criticized politicians who support abortion rights but then also support other candidates who oppose it. His comments may have been directed at
New York Senator Chuck Schumer, a supporter of abortion rights who supported
Bob Casey an opposer of abortion rights, in the
2006 Senate election.
[30]
Bloomberg tends to be
liberal about his policies towards many social issues; for instance, Bloomberg supports governmental funding for
stem cell research, calling the Republican position on the issue "insanity,"
[31] while also supporting
same-sex marriage with the rationale that “I think anybody should be allowed to marry anybody"
[32]
However, he continues to support the strict drug laws that have been established in New York City and enforced by the
New York Police Department (NYPD), despite having admitted to smoking
marijuana in the past and "[enjoying] it."
[33]
Domestic issues
On crime, the decline in New York criminal activity that occurred throughout Rudy Giuliani's tenure has continued. Bloomberg however is against the
death penalty, stating, "I'd rather lock somebody up and throw away the key and put them in hard labor, the ultimate penalty that the law will allow, but I'm opposed to the death penalty."
[34]
In addition to his anti-crime work, Bloomberg is an avid supporter of
gun control stating, "I don't know why people carry guns. Guns kill people." As mayor he increased the mandatory minimum sentence for illegal possession of a loaded handgun. In regards to the change, Bloomberg commented, "Illegal guns don't belong on our streets and we're sending that message loud and clear,we're determined to see that gun dealers who break the law are held accountable, and that criminals who carry illegal loaded guns serve serious time behind bars."
[35] Bloomberg formed Mayors Against Illegal Guns in May 2007, an organization made up of 210 mayors who are supportive of gun control.
[36]
Bloomberg has also shown involvement in education reform as the mayor, replacing the school board set up by the state with direct mayoral control over
public education. He raised the salaries of teachers by 15% while the test scores of students in the city and the graduation rate rose as well. Bloomberg is opposed to the promotion of students to the next grade level for strictly social reasons citing that students should only be promoted when they are adequately prepared for the next grade level. He favors after school programs to help students that are behind. As mayor, Bloomberg strengthened the
cell-phone ban in schools.
[37]
In dealing with the
global warming debate, and New York's role in it, he has enacted a plan called "PlaNYC: A Greener, Greater New York" to fight global warming, protect the
environment and prepare New York for the projected 1 million more people expected to be living in the city by the year
2030.
[38] Bloomberg has also been involved in motivating other cities to make changes, delivering the keynote address at the
C40 Large Cities Climate Summit and stating, "[W]e now know beyond a doubt that global warming is a reality. And the question we must all answer is, “What are we going to do about it?" Bloomberg also talked about how he would go about fighting climate change by reducing
carbon dioxide emissions, using cleaner and more efficient
fuels, and encouraging
public transportation.
[39]
On issues of domestic and
homeland security, Bloomberg has attacked
social conservatives on
immigration calling their stance unrealistic, "We're not going to deport 12 million people, so let's stop this fiction."
[40] He supports a worker
ID database that uses
DNA and
fingerprint technology to keep record of all workers to verify their status.
[41] Bloomberg believes that law abiding immigrants should be given citizenship and supports the congressional efforts of
John McCain and
Ted Kennedy in
Immigration Reform. Regarding border security Bloomberg compared it to the tide stating, "It is as if we expect border control agents to do what a century of communism could not: Defeat the natural forces of supply and demand and defeat the natural human instinct for freedom and opportunity. You might as well sit on the beach and tell the tide not to come in."
[42]
Bloomberg believes that the
September 11, 2001 attacks were not intended to be solitary events. When he assumed office he set up a Counterterrorism Bureau which works along with the NYPD intelligence division to gather information about terrorism affecting New York worldwide. He feels that funding for
Homeland Security by the federal government should be distributed by risk, where cities that are considered to have the highest threat for a terrorist attack would get the most money.
[43] Bloomberg is also a supporter of the
USA PATRIOT Act.
[44]
Economic issues
Economically, Bloomberg tends to be
conservative, expressing a distaste of taxes stating, "Taxes are not good things, but if you want services, somebody's got to pay for them so they're a necessary evil."
[45] As mayor he did raise property taxes to fund budget projects, however in January 2007 he proposed cuts in property taxes by 5% and cuts in sales taxes including the elimination of taxes on clothing and footware. Bloomberg pointed to the
Wall Street profits, and
real estate market as evidence that the city's economy is booming and could handle a tax break. These policies reflect the perception of Bloomberg as a fiscal conservative.
[46]
This fiscal conservativism also led him to eliminate the previous $6 Billion deficit when he assumed office. He balanced the budget of New York City by raising
property taxes and making cuts to city agencies excluding the Police and Fire Departments.
[47] As a businessman, Bloomberg is respected by the
business community and governs with a pro-business platform. He is in favor of providing tax breaks to big corporations for the good of the whole community. As mayor Bloomberg lobbied to the
CEO of
Goldman Sachs to establish their headquarters across from
Ground zero by promising $1.65 billion in tax breaks. In regards to the deal Bloomberg stated, "This [New York City] is where the best want to live and work. So I told him [CEO of Goldman Sachs], `We can help with minimizing taxes. Minimizing your rent. Improving security. But in the end, this is about people.'"
[48]
He has had a less cordial relationship with unions as mayor; in 2002, when New York City's transit workers threatened to
strike, Bloomberg responded by riding a mountain bike through the city to show how the city could deal with the transit strike finding alternate means of transportation and not pandering to the unions.
[49]
Bloomberg is a staunch advocate of
free trade and is strongly opposed to
protectionism stating, "The things that we have to worry about is this protectionist movement that has reared its head again in this country...." He worries about the growth of
China and fears the lessening gap between the
United States and other countries, "The rest of the world is catching up, and, there are people that say, surpassing us. I hope they are wrong. I hope those who think we are still in good shape are right. But nevertheless, the time to address these issues is right now."
[50]
More liberally, Bloomberg puts a strong emphasis on
public health and
welfare, adopting many
liberal polcies. As the mayor he made
HIV,
diabetes and
hypertension all top priorities. He extended the city's smoking ban to all commercial establishments and implemented a
trans fat ban in restaurants.
[51] He also launched a program called
Opportunity NYC which is the nation's first-ever conditional cash transfer pilot program designed to help New Yorkers break the cycle of poverty in the city. He instituted a $7.5 Billion municipal affordable housing plan, the largest in the nation, that is supposed to provide 500,000 New Yorkers with housing.
[52]
Bloomberg is concerned about poverty and growing class divisions stating, "This society cannot go forward, the way we have been going forward, where the gap between the rich and the poor keeps growing."
[53]
Foreign policy
As mayor, Bloomberg has made trips to
Mexico,
England,
Ireland, and
Israel in the first four months of 2007, during his consideration of a Presidential campaign.
[54] Bloomberg supports the war in
Iraq and the rationale for going in. He stated, "Don't forget that the war started not very many blocks from here" alluding to Ground Zero. In regards to the global
War on Terrorism including Iraq he said, "It's not only to protect Americans. It's America's responsibility to protect people around the world who want to be free."
[55] Bloomberg expresses criticism about Democrats in
Congress who want to set a timetable for withdraw from Iraq calling them, "irresponsible."
[56]
References
1. Bloomberg Leaves GOP Marcia Kramer
2. http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/06/19/bloomberg-leaving-republican-party/
3. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9438078/Bloomberg-Michael
4. Legacy of Honor: The Values and Influence of America's Eagle Scouts, , Alvin, Townley, St. Martin's Press, ,
5. What It Means to Be an Eagle Scout
6. Irish Mail on Sunday, 12 August 2007
7. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/10/07billionaires_The-Worlds-Billionaires_Rank_6.html
8. NYC Mayor Bloomberg's Anonymous Gift to University
9. "Rank: 10 — Michael R. Bloomberg"
10. City Groups Get Bloomberg Gift of Million Sam Roberts
11. "Carnegie Corporation of New York Announces Twenty Million Dollars in New York City Grants"
12. Bloomberg Endows Professorship For Five Faculties at Harvard University
13. Could Bloomberg, not known in NYC as the Jewish mayor, be America's first Jewish president?
14. http://www.ksmlaw.com/CM/InTheNews/ny-observer-deposing-bloomberg.asp
15. http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0544,barrett1,69548,5.html
16. http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0544,barrett1,69548,5.html
17. Michael Bloomberg - The TIME 100
18. Vanity Fair: The 2007 New Establishment Retrieved on September 5, 2007
19. Mike's wrong, campaign fixes make sense, ''New York Daily News'', op-ed by Gene Russianoff, 9 December 2003
20. "The Mayor's Legacy.", ''Gotham Gazette'', September 2006.
21. Diane Cardwell and Jennifer Steinhauer. Bloomberg Insists He Will Not Be Running New York Times, June 20, 2007.
22. John Heilemann, His American Dream New York Magazine, December 11, 2006
23. Jill Gardiner, Site Puts 2008 Focus on Bloomberg New York Sun, May 10, 2007
24. Hagel-Bloomberg In '08? You Never Know, CBS news' Face the Nation, May 13, 2007
25. N.Y. Mayor Is Eyeing '08, Observers Say Michael D. Shear
26. Bloomberg Leaving Republican Party Sewell Chan
27. NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg leaves GOP Sara Kugler
28. http://draftmichael.com/
29. Rather Says Bloomberg Ruled Out White House Bid - New York Times Blog
30. Mike Bloomberg on Abortion
31. Can a Republican Mayor of New York take the White House
32. Michael Bloomberg's Gay Marriage Solution
33. Mike Bloomberg on Drugs
34. Mike Bloomberg on Crime
35. Mike Bloomberg on Crime
36. Mike Bloomberg on Gun Control
37. Mike Bloomberg on Education
38. Environment Sustainability
39. Mayor Michael Bloomberg delivers keynote address at the C40 Large Cities Climate Summit
40. Can a Republican Mayor of New York take the White House
41. Mike Bloomberg on Homeland Security
42. Mike Bloomberg on Immigration
43. Michael Bloomberg addresses the Senate
44. Mike Bloomberg on the Issues
45. Michael Bloomberg Quotes
46. Mayor Plans Cut in Property Tax And End to Sales Tax on Clothes
47. Mike Bloomberg on the Budget and Economy
48. Mike Bloomberg on Corporations
49. Bikes, Mike and Transit Strike
50. Bloomberg warns of economic inequality
51. Mike Bloomberg on Health Care
52. Mike Bloomberg on Welfare and Poverty
53. Bloomberg warns of economic inequality
54. Mike Bloomberg on Foreign Policy
55.
Bloomberg's stealth relationship with Bush
56. Bloomberg would take from the Democrats
External links
★
Grading Mayoral Control, ''City Journal,'' Summer 2007
★
Mike Bloomberg official site
★
CityMayors.com profile
★
Encyclopaedia Britannica, Michael Bloomberg biography
★
Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition webpage
★
;Media
★
NYC TV
★
2007 Time 100 at Time.com
★
Vanity Fair: The 2007 New Establishment September 5, 2007
★
America's Best Leaders: Michael Bloomberg October 22, 2006
★
Ferrer, Ognibene Take Shots At Absent Mayor In First Debate October 6, 2005
★
The Mayor And His Money October 3, 2005
★
Video of speech at cornerstone laying ceremony for the Freedom Tower July 4, 2004
★
Primal Fear Short piece supporting a Badillo-Bloomberg Republican primary, Summer 2001
;Campaign
★
Americans for Bloomberg
★
Mike Bloomberg for President
★
Committee to Draft Michael Bloomberg for President website
★
Petition site to encourage Michael Bloomberg to run for President
★
Gotham Gazette 2005 webpage
★
New York Times 2005 Endorsement
★
Campaign contributions made by Michael Bloomberg
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