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EspañolHISTORIC MICHIGAN BOULEVARD DISTRICT
(Redirected from Michigan Boulevard Historic District)
The 'Historic Michigan Boulevard District' is a historic district in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois encompassing Michigan Avenue between 11th (1100 south in the street numbering system) and Randolph Streets (150 north) and named after the nearby Great Lake. Historic Michigan Boulevard District Hayner, Don and Tom McNamee, ''Streetwise Chicago'', Loyola University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8294-0597-6.[1] It was designated a Chicago Landmark on February 27 2002. The district includes numerous significant buildings on Michigan Avenue facing Grant Park. Michigan Avenue Landmark District In addition, this section of Michigan Avenue includes the point recognized as the end of U.S. Route 66. This district is one of the world's most well known one-sided streets rivalling Fifth Avenue in New York City and Edinburgh's Princes Street. It lies a quarter of a mile south of the Chicago River, Michigan Avenue Bridge and the Magnificent Mile.
Michigan Avenue is named for Lake Michigan, which it once ran alongside at 100 east in the city's street numbering system until landfill for Grant Park (then Lake Park) pushed the shoreline east.[2] The one-sided street feature is due in large part to the legal battles of Aaron Montgomery Ward with the city over cleaning up the park and removing most of the structures in it.[3] Ward opposed the development of Grant Park with public buildings along the lakefront except for the Art Institute of Chicago Building.Sinkevitch, Alice, "AIA Guide to Chicago" (2nd edition),, p. 14 2004, Harcourt Books, ISBN 0-15-602908-1. Eventually, Ward's ideas were adopted by Daniel Burnham in his Plan of Chicago, which called for "insured light, air, and an agreeable outlook" along the Grant Park street frontage. The preservation of the lakefront view has inspired architects to create a architectural cornucopia of designs along the "streetwall".
At no point is Michigan Avenue currently called Michigan Boulevard, but prior to the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the street was officially known as Michigan Boulevard and often referred to as "Boul Mich". Boul Mich Tour As recently as the 1920s, North Michigan Avenue (especially the Magnificent Mile) was referred to as "Upper Boul Mich".Stamper, John M., "Chicago's North Michigan Avenue," University of Chicago Press, 1991, p. ix, ISBN 0-226-77085-0. Paris' Boulevard Saint-Michel is the original Boul Mich.
The district has changed over the years as various architectural designs have evolved to compliment it. The boulevard was widened between 1909 and 1910 causing the Art Institute of Chicago Building to have to move the lions guarding its entrance back 12 feet.[4] At that time, the Jackson Boulevard and Michigan Avenue intersection (the end of route 66) was known as "route center". Route Center: Jackson and Michigan Boulevards Circa 1907-1923 Also at that time, the boulevard had no streets crossing it and extending eastward, and thus, the Jackson intersection was a T intersection. This was still true in 1920 when the Michigan Avenue Bridge opened and increased traffic by connecting this boulevard with the Magnificent Mile and the community north of the Chicago River a quarter mile to the north of this district. The ''Fountain of the Great Lakes'' (installed in 1913) was highly visible from route center.
Today the only building on the eastern side of Michigan Avenue in the Historic District hosts the Art Institute of Chicago. However, several interesting structures have been added to the northern part of the eastern side of Michigan Avenue in Millennium Park such as McCormick Tribune Plaza. The current "End Historic US 66" marker is now located along Michigan Avenue in this district to mark the official end of U.S. Route 66 in Illinois, but this and several others transverse Michigan Avenue within Grant Park because landfill has created two blocks of real estate between Michigan Avenue and the Lake Michigan shoreline. Also, the Fountain was relocated and is no longer easily seen from Michigan Avenue.
Among the current issues today is the trend to redevelop properties by constructing grand towers behind the facades of historic structures along Michigan and Wabash Avenues (the parallel street one block to the west). The most recent examples of this have been the The Heritage at Millennium Park, the Legacy at Millennium Park and the 80-story tower proposed as part of the YWCA building redevelopment at 830 S. Michigan Avenue. This trend is now endangering the Chicago Athletic Association Annex, which has been proposed for demolition to make way for a fifty- to eighty-story condominium tower across from Millennium Park.[5] As a result, the building is listed first on the 2006-07 Chicagoland Watch List of the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois.[6]
Several of the buildings listed below have played a prominent role in the cultural history of Chicago.
The Blackstone has become part of Chicago's history as the city that has hosted more United States presidential nominating conventions (26) than any other two American cities, Political Conventions Sautter, R. Craig The Blackstone Hotel has hosted almost every 20th century U.S. President,Allegrini, Robert V., ''Chicago's Grand Hotels'', 2005, Arcadia Publishing, p.92. and it has contributed the phrase “in a smoke-filled room" to American political parlance.[7] Smoke-Filled Room
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra debuted on October 16, 1891 and made its home in the Auditorium Theatre until moving to Orchestra Hall in 1904. Theodore Roosevelt gave his famous ''Bull Moose'' speech in 1912 at the Auditorium and was nominated for President of the United States by the independent National Progressive Party. The Auditorium has hosted Jimi Hendrix, The Who, The Grateful Dead, and many others. The Auditorium Building is considered a a milestone in the development of modern architecture.[8]
The Chicago Cultural Center serves as the city's official reception venue where the Mayor of Chicago has welcomed Presidents and royalty, diplomats and community leaders. According to ''Crain's Chicago Business'', the Chicago Cultural Center was the eighth most-visited cultural institution in the Chicago area in 2004, with 767,000 visitors. The interior includes ornate mosaics, marbles, bronze, and stained-glass domes designed by the Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company.[9]
The Art Institute of Chicago is a fine art museum well known for its Impressionist and American art.
Statuses
:CL-Chicago Landmark
:NHL-National Historic Landmark
:NRHP-National Register of Historic Places
Other buildings include the Fine Arts Building (CL, NRHP), the Chicago Cultural Center (CL, NRHP) and the Art Institute of Chicago.
1. Emporis claims this district extends to Randolph street which is 1200 South.
2. Hayner and McNamee, ''Streetwise Chicago'', "Michigan Avenue", p. 87.
3. Grant Park
4. "The Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies'" Volume 14, no. 1, 1988, The Art Institute of Chicago, p. 8, ISBN 0-226-02813-5
5. Chicago Athletic Association Building and Annex
6. Chicagoland Watch List 2006-07
7. Wolfe, Gerard R., ''Chicago In and Around the Loop: Walking Tours of Architecture and History'', 1996, McGraw-Hill, p.176.
8. Auditorium Building
9. Chicago Public Library/Cultural Center
10. Willoughby Tower
11. Metropolitan Tower
12. Chicago Hilton & Towers
13. Socony-Vacuum Building
14. ILLINOIS - Cook County
15. Borg-Warner Building
16. Michigan Boulevard Building
17. The Blackstone
18. McCormick Building
19. Michigan Avenue Lofts
20. People's Gas Building
21. Chicago Athletic Association Annex
22. Wolberg Hall
23. Lake View Building
24. Santa Fe Building from Grant Park, 2004
25. Santa Fe Building
26. Auditorium Building
27. The Boulevard
28. Columbia College
29. Torco Building
30. Essex Inn
31. University Club
32. Congress Hotel Addition
33. 888 South Michigan
34. Gage Building
The historic district begins immediately south of the Smurfit-Stone Building at Randolph Street on the north side of the Chicago Cultural Center.
The 'Historic Michigan Boulevard District' is a historic district in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois encompassing Michigan Avenue between 11th (1100 south in the street numbering system) and Randolph Streets (150 north) and named after the nearby Great Lake. Historic Michigan Boulevard District Hayner, Don and Tom McNamee, ''Streetwise Chicago'', Loyola University Press, 1988, ISBN 0-8294-0597-6.[1] It was designated a Chicago Landmark on February 27 2002. The district includes numerous significant buildings on Michigan Avenue facing Grant Park. Michigan Avenue Landmark District In addition, this section of Michigan Avenue includes the point recognized as the end of U.S. Route 66. This district is one of the world's most well known one-sided streets rivalling Fifth Avenue in New York City and Edinburgh's Princes Street. It lies a quarter of a mile south of the Chicago River, Michigan Avenue Bridge and the Magnificent Mile.
| Contents |
| History |
| Today |
| Buildings in the District |
| Notes |
History
Michigan Avenue is named for Lake Michigan, which it once ran alongside at 100 east in the city's street numbering system until landfill for Grant Park (then Lake Park) pushed the shoreline east.[2] The one-sided street feature is due in large part to the legal battles of Aaron Montgomery Ward with the city over cleaning up the park and removing most of the structures in it.[3] Ward opposed the development of Grant Park with public buildings along the lakefront except for the Art Institute of Chicago Building.Sinkevitch, Alice, "AIA Guide to Chicago" (2nd edition),, p. 14 2004, Harcourt Books, ISBN 0-15-602908-1. Eventually, Ward's ideas were adopted by Daniel Burnham in his Plan of Chicago, which called for "insured light, air, and an agreeable outlook" along the Grant Park street frontage. The preservation of the lakefront view has inspired architects to create a architectural cornucopia of designs along the "streetwall".
At no point is Michigan Avenue currently called Michigan Boulevard, but prior to the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the street was officially known as Michigan Boulevard and often referred to as "Boul Mich". Boul Mich Tour As recently as the 1920s, North Michigan Avenue (especially the Magnificent Mile) was referred to as "Upper Boul Mich".Stamper, John M., "Chicago's North Michigan Avenue," University of Chicago Press, 1991, p. ix, ISBN 0-226-77085-0. Paris' Boulevard Saint-Michel is the original Boul Mich.
The district has changed over the years as various architectural designs have evolved to compliment it. The boulevard was widened between 1909 and 1910 causing the Art Institute of Chicago Building to have to move the lions guarding its entrance back 12 feet.[4] At that time, the Jackson Boulevard and Michigan Avenue intersection (the end of route 66) was known as "route center". Route Center: Jackson and Michigan Boulevards Circa 1907-1923 Also at that time, the boulevard had no streets crossing it and extending eastward, and thus, the Jackson intersection was a T intersection. This was still true in 1920 when the Michigan Avenue Bridge opened and increased traffic by connecting this boulevard with the Magnificent Mile and the community north of the Chicago River a quarter mile to the north of this district. The ''Fountain of the Great Lakes'' (installed in 1913) was highly visible from route center.
Today
Today the only building on the eastern side of Michigan Avenue in the Historic District hosts the Art Institute of Chicago. However, several interesting structures have been added to the northern part of the eastern side of Michigan Avenue in Millennium Park such as McCormick Tribune Plaza. The current "End Historic US 66" marker is now located along Michigan Avenue in this district to mark the official end of U.S. Route 66 in Illinois, but this and several others transverse Michigan Avenue within Grant Park because landfill has created two blocks of real estate between Michigan Avenue and the Lake Michigan shoreline. Also, the Fountain was relocated and is no longer easily seen from Michigan Avenue.
Among the current issues today is the trend to redevelop properties by constructing grand towers behind the facades of historic structures along Michigan and Wabash Avenues (the parallel street one block to the west). The most recent examples of this have been the The Heritage at Millennium Park, the Legacy at Millennium Park and the 80-story tower proposed as part of the YWCA building redevelopment at 830 S. Michigan Avenue. This trend is now endangering the Chicago Athletic Association Annex, which has been proposed for demolition to make way for a fifty- to eighty-story condominium tower across from Millennium Park.[5] As a result, the building is listed first on the 2006-07 Chicagoland Watch List of the Landmarks Preservation Council of Illinois.[6]
Buildings in the District
The Blackstone Hotel has hosted almost every 20th century U.S. President.
The Auditorium Building was the first home of the Chicago Civic Opera and the Chicago Symphony Orchestra.
Several of the buildings listed below have played a prominent role in the cultural history of Chicago.
The Blackstone has become part of Chicago's history as the city that has hosted more United States presidential nominating conventions (26) than any other two American cities, Political Conventions Sautter, R. Craig The Blackstone Hotel has hosted almost every 20th century U.S. President,Allegrini, Robert V., ''Chicago's Grand Hotels'', 2005, Arcadia Publishing, p.92. and it has contributed the phrase “in a smoke-filled room" to American political parlance.[7] Smoke-Filled Room
The Chicago Symphony Orchestra debuted on October 16, 1891 and made its home in the Auditorium Theatre until moving to Orchestra Hall in 1904. Theodore Roosevelt gave his famous ''Bull Moose'' speech in 1912 at the Auditorium and was nominated for President of the United States by the independent National Progressive Party. The Auditorium has hosted Jimi Hendrix, The Who, The Grateful Dead, and many others. The Auditorium Building is considered a a milestone in the development of modern architecture.[8]
The Chicago Cultural Center serves as the city's official reception venue where the Mayor of Chicago has welcomed Presidents and royalty, diplomats and community leaders. According to ''Crain's Chicago Business'', the Chicago Cultural Center was the eighth most-visited cultural institution in the Chicago area in 2004, with 767,000 visitors. The interior includes ornate mosaics, marbles, bronze, and stained-glass domes designed by the Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company.[9]
The Art Institute of Chicago is a fine art museum well known for its Impressionist and American art.
| Name | Street Address | Architect | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Willoughby Tower | 8 South Michigan Avenue | Samuel N. Crowen & Associates[10] | |
| Metropolitan Tower | 310 South Michigan Avenue | Graham, Anderson, Probst & White[11] | |
| Chicago Hilton & Towers | 720 South Michigan Avenue | Holabird & Roche[12] | |
| Buckingham Building (a.k.a. Socony-Vacuum Building) | 59-67 East Van Buren Street | Holabird & Root LLC[13] | NRHP[14] |
| Borg-Warner Building | 200 South Michigan Avenue | A. Epstein and Sons International, Inc., George A. Fuller Company[15] | |
| Michigan Boulevard Building | 6 North Michigan Avenue | Jarvis Hunt[16] | |
| The Blackstone | 636 S. Michigan Avenue | Marshall & Fox[17] | CL, NRHP |
| McCormick Building | 332 South Michigan Avenue | Holabird & Roche[18] | |
| Michigan Avenue Lofts | 910 South Michigan Avenue | Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, Marshall & Fox[19] | |
| People's Gas Building | 122 South Michigan Avenue | D.H. Burnham & Company[20] | |
| Chicago Athletic Association Annex | 71 East Madison | Schmidt, Garden & Martin[21] | |
| Wolberg Hall | 112 South Michigan Avenue | Barnett, Haynes & Barnett, Swann & Weiskopf[22] | |
| Lake View Building | 116 South Michigan Avenue | Jenney, Mundie & Jensen[23] | |
| Santa Fe Building (formerly Railway Exchange Building)[24] | 224 South Michigan Avenue | D.H. Burnham & Company[25] | |
| Auditorium Building | 430 South Michigan Avenue | Adler & Sullivan[26] | CL, NHL, NRHP |
| The Boulevard | 205 North Michigan Avenue | Holabird & Roche[27] | |
| Columbia College | Christian A. Eckstorm[28] | ||
| Torco Building | 624 South Michigan Avenue | Christian A. Eckstorm, Alfred S. Alschuler[29] | |
| Essex Inn | 800 South Michigan Avenue | A. Epstein and Sons International, Inc.[30] | |
| University Club | 76 East Monroe Street | Holabird & Roche[31] | |
| Congress Hotel Addition | 520 South Michigan Avenue | Holabird & Roche[32] | |
| 888 South Michigan | 888 South Michigan Avenue | Holabird & Roche[33] | |
| Gage Building | 18 South Michigan Avenue | Louis H. Sullivan, Holabird & Roche[34] | CL, NRHP |
Statuses
:CL-Chicago Landmark
:NHL-National Historic Landmark
:NRHP-National Register of Historic Places
Other buildings include the Fine Arts Building (CL, NRHP), the Chicago Cultural Center (CL, NRHP) and the Art Institute of Chicago.
Notes
1. Emporis claims this district extends to Randolph street which is 1200 South.
2. Hayner and McNamee, ''Streetwise Chicago'', "Michigan Avenue", p. 87.
3. Grant Park
4. "The Art Institute of Chicago Museum Studies'" Volume 14, no. 1, 1988, The Art Institute of Chicago, p. 8, ISBN 0-226-02813-5
5. Chicago Athletic Association Building and Annex
6. Chicagoland Watch List 2006-07
7. Wolfe, Gerard R., ''Chicago In and Around the Loop: Walking Tours of Architecture and History'', 1996, McGraw-Hill, p.176.
8. Auditorium Building
9. Chicago Public Library/Cultural Center
10. Willoughby Tower
11. Metropolitan Tower
12. Chicago Hilton & Towers
13. Socony-Vacuum Building
14. ILLINOIS - Cook County
15. Borg-Warner Building
16. Michigan Boulevard Building
17. The Blackstone
18. McCormick Building
19. Michigan Avenue Lofts
20. People's Gas Building
21. Chicago Athletic Association Annex
22. Wolberg Hall
23. Lake View Building
24. Santa Fe Building from Grant Park, 2004
25. Santa Fe Building
26. Auditorium Building
27. The Boulevard
28. Columbia College
29. Torco Building
30. Essex Inn
31. University Club
32. Congress Hotel Addition
33. 888 South Michigan
34. Gage Building
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