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'Microsaccades' are a kind of fixational eye movement. They
are small, jerk-like, involuntary eye movements, similar to
miniature versions of voluntary saccades. They typically occur
during prolonged visual fixation (of at least several seconds),
not only in humans, but also in other animals, especially those with
foveal vision (primates, cats, etc.). Microsaccade
amplitudes vary from 2 to 120 arcminutes.
The role of microsaccades in visual perception has been a highly
debated topic which is still largely unresolved. It has been proposed
that microsaccades correct displacements in eye position produced by drifts, although non-corrective
microsaccades also occur. Microsaccades were also believed to prevent
the retinal image from fading, but they do not occur often enough
for that purpose, considering that perfectly stabilized images can
disappear from perception in a few seconds or less. The current
consensus is that all fixational eye movements are important for
the maintenance of visibility.
Experiments in neurophysiology from different laboratories showed
that fixational eye movements, particularly microsaccades,
strongly modulate the activity of neurons in the visual areas of
the macaque brain. In the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
and the primary visual cortex (V1), microsaccades can move a
stationary stimulus in and out of a neuron's receptive field,
thereby producing transient neural responses. Microsaccades might
account for much of the response variability of neurons in visual area
V1 of the awake monkey.
Current research in visual neuroscience and psychophysics is
investigating how microsaccades relate to fixation correction, control
of binocular fixation disparity and attentional shifts.
★ Rapid eye movement
★ Saccade
★ R. H. S. Carpenter. ''Movements of the Eyes'' (Pion, London, 1988).
★ Susana Martinez-Conde, Stephen L. Macknik & David H. Hubel. The role of fixational eye movements in visual perception. ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'' 5(3):229-240 (2004). doi:10.1038/nrn1348
are small, jerk-like, involuntary eye movements, similar to
miniature versions of voluntary saccades. They typically occur
during prolonged visual fixation (of at least several seconds),
not only in humans, but also in other animals, especially those with
foveal vision (primates, cats, etc.). Microsaccade
amplitudes vary from 2 to 120 arcminutes.
The role of microsaccades in visual perception has been a highly
debated topic which is still largely unresolved. It has been proposed
that microsaccades correct displacements in eye position produced by drifts, although non-corrective
microsaccades also occur. Microsaccades were also believed to prevent
the retinal image from fading, but they do not occur often enough
for that purpose, considering that perfectly stabilized images can
disappear from perception in a few seconds or less. The current
consensus is that all fixational eye movements are important for
the maintenance of visibility.
Experiments in neurophysiology from different laboratories showed
that fixational eye movements, particularly microsaccades,
strongly modulate the activity of neurons in the visual areas of
the macaque brain. In the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)
and the primary visual cortex (V1), microsaccades can move a
stationary stimulus in and out of a neuron's receptive field,
thereby producing transient neural responses. Microsaccades might
account for much of the response variability of neurons in visual area
V1 of the awake monkey.
Current research in visual neuroscience and psychophysics is
investigating how microsaccades relate to fixation correction, control
of binocular fixation disparity and attentional shifts.
| Contents |
| See also |
| References |
See also
★ Rapid eye movement
★ Saccade
References
★ R. H. S. Carpenter. ''Movements of the Eyes'' (Pion, London, 1988).
★ Susana Martinez-Conde, Stephen L. Macknik & David H. Hubel. The role of fixational eye movements in visual perception. ''Nature Reviews Neuroscience'' 5(3):229-240 (2004). doi:10.1038/nrn1348
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