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EspañolMOJAVE SPACEPORT
The 'Mojave Spaceport' , also known as the 'Mojave Airport and Civilian Aerospace Test Center', is located in Mojave, California, at an elevation of 2,791 feet. It is the first facility to be licensed in the United States for horizontal launches of reusable spacecraft, being certified as a spaceport by the Federal Aviation Administration on June 17, 2004. It is the only spaceport from which there have been privately-funded human spaceflights.
Activities
Besides being a general-use public airport, Mojave has three main areas of activity, flight testing, space industry development, and aircraft heavy maintenance and storage.
Flight testing
Flight testing activities have been centered at Mojave since the early 1970s, due to the lack of populated areas surrounding the airport. It is also favored for this purpose due to its proximity to the Edwards Air Force Base, where the airspace is restricted from ground level to an unlimited height, and where there is a supersonic corridor. Mojave is also the home of the National Test Pilot School
Space industry development
Beginning with the Rotary Rocket program, Mojave became a focus for small companies seeking a place to develop space access technologies. Mojave Spaceport has been a test site for several teams in the Ansari X Prize, most notably SpaceShipOne, which conducted the first privately funded human sub-orbital flight on June 21, 2004. Other groups based at the Mojave Spaceport include XCOR Aerospace, Masten Space Systems, Orbital Sciences Corporation, and Interorbital Systems.
Mojave Airport, storage location for commercial airliners.
Aircraft heavy maintenance and storage
The Mojave airport is also known as a storage location for commercial airliners. Numerous large Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, Lockheed, and Airbus aircraft owned by major airlines are stored at Mojave. Some aircraft reach the end of their useful lifetime and are scrapped at Mojave, while others are refurbished and returned to active service.
History
The Mojave Airport was first opened in 1935 as a small, rural airfield serving the local gold and silver mining industry.
In July, 1942, the U.S. Marine Corps took over the field and vastly expanded it as the Marine Corps Auxiliary Air Station (MCAAS) Mojave. Many of the Corps' WWII aces received their gunnery training at Mojave. With the end of WWII, MCAAS was disestablished in 1946, and became instead a U.S. Navy airfield. At the end of 1953, the USMC reopened MCAAS Mojave as an auxiliary field to MCAS El Toro.
In 1961, after the USMC transferred operations to MCAS El Centro, Kern County obtained title to the airport. In February, 1972, the East Kern Airport District was formed to administer the airport; EKAD maintains the airport to this day.
First flights and significant events
Aerial photo courtesy of NASA World Wind.
★ July 1, 1942 - Construction begins on Marine Corps Auxiliary Air Station at Mojave.[1]
★ July 31, 1944 - USMC Capt. Edward Shaw, a decorated WWII ace, was killed while test-flying an F-8U Corsair[2][3]
★ February 7, 1946 - MCAAS disestablished.
★ December 31, 1953 - MCAAS Mojave re-established.
★ May 21, 1975 - First flight of the Rutan VariEze
★ June 30, 1978 - First flight of the Rutan Defiant
★ June 12, 1979 - First flight of the prototype of the Rutan Long-EZ
★ April 3, 1980 - First prototype Bombardier Challenger 600 crashed in the Mojave desert, killing one of the pilots; flight test program was operating from Mojave at the time.
★ September 25, 1981 - National Test Pilot School opens
★ August 23, 1983 - First flight of the Boeing Skyfox
★ August 29, 1983 - First flight of Beech/Scaled Composites Model 115 Starship
★ January 7, 1986 - Voyager homecoming, after round-the-world record flight.[4]
★ July 12, 1988 - First flight of the Scaled Composites Triumph
★ February 19, 1990 - First flight of the Scaled Composites ARES
★ July 26, 1998 - First flight of the Scaled Composites Proteus
★ March 1, 1999 - Rollout of the Rotary Rocket Roton ATV.
★ July 28, 1999 - First flight of the Roton ATV.
★ October 12, 1999 - third, final and longest flight of Roton ATV.
★ October 8, 2000 - First firing of an XCOR Aerospace LOX-powered rocket engine.[5]
★ July 21, 2001 - First flight of the XCOR EZ-Rocket, flown by Dick Rutan (single-engine configuration).
★ October 6, 2001 - First flight of a twin engine rocket plane, again the XCOR EZ-rocket.
★ May 31, 2002 - First flight of the Toyota TAA-1, built by Scaled Composites.[6]
★ July 24, 2002 - First touch-and-go of a rocket powered aircraft, the XCOR EZ-Rocket (world record).
★ August 1, 2002 - First flight of Scaled Composites White Knight
★ September 18, 2002 - First flight of world's largest jet engine, GE90-115B on GE's Boeing 747 testbed aircraft.
★ May 20, 2003 - First captive flight, unmanned, of SpaceShipOne
★ July 29, 2003 - First manned captive flight of SpaceShipOne
★ August 7, 2003 - First free-flight of SpaceShipOne
★ December 17, 2003 - First powered flight of SpaceShipOne, on 100th anniversary of powered flight by the Wright Brothers.
★ March 5, 2004 - First flight of the Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer[7]
★ June 17, 2004 - Mojave designated a Spaceport by the FAA.
★ June 21, 2004 - SpaceShipOne flight 15P, the first spaceflight of SpaceShipOne.
★ September 29, 2004 - First Ansari X Prize flight of SpaceShipOne.
★ October 4, 2004 - X-Prize-winning flight of SpaceShipOne.
★ June 21, 2005 - First captive flight of Boeing X-37 under Scaled Composites White Knight
★ December 3, 2005 - First departure of a rocket-powered aircraft on a point-to-point flight (XCOR EZ-Rocket, departed MHV for California City, flown by Dick Rutan).[8]
★ December 15, 2005 - First arrival of a rocket-powered aircraft on a flight originating at another airport (XCOR EZ-Rocket return flight from California City, piloted by Rick Searfoss).
★ April 7, 2006 - First free flight of Boeing X-37 (take-off from Mojave, landing at Edwards)
★ January 23, 2007 - First flight of the Lockheed CATBird
★ July 26, 2007 - Explosion with at least three fatalities at Scaled Composites facility.[9]
Notable flight test programs to use the Civilian Aerospace Test Center
★ Boeing X-37
★ Eclipse 500 (crosswind landing data)
★ General Electric CF34
★ General Electric GE90
★ Lockheed CATBird (post modification and systems flight test)
★ Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor (crosswind landing data)
★ Lockheed Martin VH-71 Kestrel
★ McDonnell Douglas MD-90-30[10]
★ Air Tractor 401 modified with an Orenda Aerospace OE600 engine (certification flight test program}[11]
★ Rotary Rocket
★ Scaled Composites White Knight and SpaceShipOne
★ Sino Swearingen SJ30-2 (envelope expansion, flutter, stability & control)[12]
★ Virgin Atlantic GlobalFlyer
★ Adaptive Compliant Wing developed by FlexSys Inc flight tested on White Knight.[13][14]
Notable pilots and engineers based at Mojave
★ Brian Binnie
★ Fitzhugh L. Fulton
★ Mike Melvill
★ Burt Rutan
★ Dick Rutan
★ Richard A. Searfoss
★ Doug Shane
★ Peter Siebold
Movie/television location credits
Due to the Mojave Spaceport's unique location and facilities, a number of movies, TV shows and commercials have been filmed on location here. The Airport Administration actively promotes the facility as a set. The airport has facilities dedicated for filming, a large supply of aircraft to use as props and two large film pads that can be flooded for water scenes. Action movies and car commercials make up the bulk of the filming at the airport.
Movie credits include:
★ Die Hard 2
★ Dragnet
★ Executive Decision
★ Flags of Our Fathers
★ Flightplan
★ Hot Shots
★ MacArthur
★
★ The Rookie
★ Spartan
★ Speed (Specifically, the exploding airliner)
★ S.W.A.T.
★ Thirteen Days
★ Tuskegee Airmen
★ Waterworld
TV Show credits include:
★ Alias
★ Boom
★ Fear Factor
★ JAG
★ Man vs. Beast
★ MythBusters
★ The Rebel Billionaire
★ S Club 7
★ The Stand
★ Stunt Junkies
★ 24
References
1. Mojave: A Rich History of Rails, Flight, Mining, , Cathy, Hansen, Kern-Antelope Historical Society, ,
2. Edward Shaw - VMF-213
3. AIRCRAFT WRECKS IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
4. Mojave Airport: Voyager
5. First Flights - XCOR Aerospace
6. Mojave First Flights
7. Virgin's GlobalFlyer Makes Successful First Flight!
8. XCOR EZ-Rocket makes more history at CalCity Bill Deaver
9. Third person dies in Mojave Airport explosion, names released
10. MD-90-30 flight test at The Mojave Virtual Museum Photo Library, Mojave Airport, Flight Test and Development
11. "Orenda Recip Engines performs final air tractor tests", ''Aerotech News and Review'', 2001-01-26
12. SinoSwearingen Tests SJ30-2 at Mojave
13. Scott, William B, "Morphing Wings", ''Aviation Week & Space Technology'', 2006-11-27
14. Scott, William B, "White Knight Back in Action", ''Aviation Week & Space Technology'', 2006-11-27
External links
★ Official site.
★ Encyclopedia Astronautica entry.
★ Mojave Transportation Museum's Virtual Museum web site
★ Alan's Mojave Airport photo weblog
★ Listing of aircraft wrecks in the Mojave area, including many from WWII
★ Airliners.net Mojave airport photos
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