MONAD

'Monad' may refer to:
in philosphy:

★ In Ancient philosophy the term can refer to:

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★ Monad (Epicurus), Epicurus described "monads" that were the smallest units of matter, much like Democritus's notion of an atom.

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★ Monad (symbol), For many others, including Pythagoras, Parmenides, Xenophanes, Plato, Aristotle, and Plotinus, Monad was a term for God or the first being, or the totality of all beings.

★ Monad (Gnosticism), the most primal aspect of God in Gnosticism.

★ the concept of "one essence" in the metaphysical and theological theory of Monism.

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★ ''Monadology'', a book of philosophy by Gottfried Leibniz in which monads are a basic unit of perceptual reality

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★ ''Physical Monadology'' by Immanuel Kant also dealt with this topic.

★ In Hermetica, (a category of popular Late Antique literature purporting to contain secret wisdom) ''The Cup or Monad'' is one of the texts making up the ''Corpus Hermetica''.

★ In early biology, the indivisible life essence, either the cell or nucleus.
in mathematics:

★ Monad (category theory), a type of functor in category theory.

★ Monads in functional programming, type constructors that are used in functional programming languages to capture various notions of sequential computation.

★ A ''monadic'' function or operator may be the same as a unary operator, or one somehow having to do with either of the previous kinds of monad.

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★ Monadic predicate calculus is a form of logic based on unary operators.
in music:

★ Monad (music), a single note, in contradistinction to a dyad, triad, tetrad, and so on.
proper names and popular culture:

★ Monad (Technocracy), the symbol of Technocracy Incorporated and the Technocratic movement of the early 20th century.

★ Windows PowerShell, a command line interface for Microsoft Windows code-named "Monad".

★ Xmonad, a window manager for the X Window System

★ ''John Monad'', title character of the television series John From Cincinnati