 | Bill Moyers: Toxic Chemicals PVC monomer pt. 1 This is an excerpt from Moyer's investigation into the massive cover-up amongst the major chemical manufacturers like Dow, B. F. Goodrich, and the many others that aired years ago. |
 | Bill Moyers: Toxic Chemicals PVC monomer pt. 2 This is the 2nd excerpt from Moyer's investigation into the massive cover-up amongst the major chemical manufacturers like Dow, Union Carbide, DuPont, Esso, B. F. Goodrich, and the many others that aired years ago, and which deals with chemicals like PVC, among others. |
 | Come Together In laboratory 4 we studied how enzyme activity is affected by environmental conditions. Enzymes permit cells to carry out the many functions that are required in a living system. Every enzyme has a specific substrate and a specific function. They change their substrate in one of two ways: either by dehydration synthesis (a monomer is added to another molecule) or hydrolysis (a monomer is removed from another molecule). Each enzyme has a unique conformation that enables them to perform their specialized tasks. The substrate molecule meets the enzyme at the active site, where the reaction takes place and the substrate is altered. The conformation of a particular enzyme depends on several levels of protein structure. First is sequence of amino acids or the primary structure. The attraction between these molecules is usually expressed as hydrogen bonds. The secondary structure is characterized by a unique sequence on hydrogen bonds between more distant molecules on the chain. In this lab we saw changes in the effectiveness of the enzymes when the secondary structure of the enzymes is altered. Tertiary and Quaternary structures describe successively larger parts of a protein, influenced by other electrostatic bonds. Enzymes possess an affinity for their substrate. We observed the enzyme catechol oxidase and how it is affected by temperature. Test tubes of catechol oxidase of various temperatures were inserted into a spectrometer to determine the amount of enzyme activity. The spectrometer measures the amount of product from the reaction over a period of time and determines the concentration of the solution by measuring the amount of light that is absorbed by the solution. We noticed that the enzymes at room temperature were the most active over time. The enzymes that were heated and cooled were denatured and over time became less and less active. |
 | NanoCocktails-Using Lasers to Create Nanomaterials : DigInfo http://movie.diginfo.tv DigInfo News At NanoTech 2008, Laser Zentrum Hannover presented a range of micro and submicro structures, created by placing a solid material such as a metal, in a liquid and using short-pulsed lasers to break up the material into nanoparticles. Interview: "I'm from the laser center in Hannover, which is one of the biggest laser research institutes in the world, and we are focusing on nanotechnology using lasers. We use lasers to ablate materials in a liquid, this sounds strange but its quite easy, so the laser beam transmits the liquid and in the liquid there is a material which we make nanoparticles from. The liquid can be also a monomer. A monomer is a liquid out of which plastics are made. One example is this Nano Cocktail, we call it "Nano On The Beach". We call it a Nano Cocktail because this contains a cocktail of nano functions without changing the plastic, so you can use a standard plastic like what mobile phones or toys are made from with a standard procedure and put nanoparticles into this plastic by laser ablation. Then you can mould the plastic, then you have this part, its injection moulded, three dimensional and you can make it with standard technology. To summarize, we have patented a very simple process, in order to bring nano into end products without maing complicated changes to the process chain, we are just changing the raw material by using lasers." Embedding nanoparticles into polymer based materials can enhance a range of properties such as hardness, light absorption, biocompatibility, water repulsion, or optical properties. |
 | Fire snake monomer + syringe + matchbox + 3 bored interns at maranakatte = FIRE SNAKE |
 | Making a Model Organism Database Part 2F The "Making a Model Organism Database" webinar walks you through the process of building a Pathway Tools Pathway/Genome Database from an annotated genome file all the way through to the final product. In Part 2F, we round out our coverage of protein editing by showing you how to make protein complexes, and how to move reactions from one protein to another (for example, from a monomer to a multimer). |
 | Vinyl Chloride and Occupational Cancer After WWII, vinyl chloride (VC) became a key chemical used to make plastic products. It was manufactured exclusively for polymeri After WWII, vinyl chloride (VC) became a key chemical used to make plastic products. It was manufactured exclusively for polymerization into polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a plastic used in construction, packaging, electrical, and transportation industries; in household products such as flooring, water piping, videodiscs, and credit cards; and in medical products such as disposable intravenous bags, tubing, and bedpans. In 1974-1975, the disclosure that vinyl chloride exposure had caused rare liver cancers in worker led the recently created U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) to issue an emergency standard to ptotect workers. VC and PVC production plants had to reduce workplace exposure levels from 500 ppm to 1 ppm, to provide protect workers' health. When OSHA issued the new exposure limit of 1 ppm, industry spokespeople issued dire predictions of job loss and plant closures. However, in less than two years virtually all U.S. manufacturing plants were able to meet the new standard while still maintaining rapid growth of sales volume. This was accomplished largely through better containment of unpolymerized VC monomer and improved exposure monitoring. For more information, go to the 2005 article in the Journal Environmental Health Perspectives at http://www.ehponline.org/members/2005/7716/7716.html and read the book, Deceit and Denial: the deadly politics of industrial pollution by Markowitz and Rosner, from the University of California Press, http://www.ucpress.edu/books/pages/9844/9844.intro.html . This clip is from the 1978 movie, More Than a Paycheck, and the voice is the late Dr. Irving Selikoff. |
 | Molecular games for a 3rd grader. Do you like to play with your Lego? Try Molecular Games - it's so much fun! This video is about third grader building different molecules. The molecular formula C2H4O may refer to: Acetaldehyde, Ethenol, Ethylene oxide From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Acetaldehyde, sometimes known as ethanal, is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3CHO or MeCHO. It is a flammable liquid with a fruity smell. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in ripe fruit, coffee, and fresh bread, and is produced by plants as part of their normal metabolism. It is popularly known as the chemical that causes hangovers. Ethenol, also called vinyl alcohol, hydroxyethene or hydroxyethylene, is an alcohol with chemical formula C2H3OH (H2C=CHOH) and CAS number 557-75-5. Under normal conditions, it tautomerizes to acetaldehyde. For this reason the thermoplastic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA or PVOH), which would be derived from this monomer, is made indirectly by polymerization of vinyl acetate followed by hydrolysis of the ester bonds. The chemical compound ethylene oxide is an important industrial chemical used as an intermediate in the production of ethylene glycol and other chemicals, and as a sterilant for foods and medical supplies. It is a colorless flammable gas or refrigerated liquid with a faintly sweet odor. It is the simplest example of an epoxide. Caffeine is a bitter white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a psychoactive stimulant drug and a mild diuretic (speeds up urine production) in humans and other animals. Caffeine was discovered by a German chemist, Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, in 1819. He coined the term "kaffein", a chemical compound in coffee, which in English became caffeine. Caffeine is also called guaranine when found in guarana, mateine when found in mate, and theine when found in tea; all of these names are synonyms for the same chemical compound. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the beans, leaves, and fruit of over 60 plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants. It is most commonly consumed by humans in infusions extracted from the beans of the coffee plant and the leaves of the tea bush, as well as from various foods and drinks containing products derived from the kola nut or from cacao. Other sources include yerba mate, guarana berries, and the Yaupon Holly. In humans, caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant, having the effect of temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. Beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks and energy drinks enjoy great popularity. Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive substance, but unlike most others, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all jurisdictions. In North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration lists caffeine as a "Multiple Purpose Generally Recognized as Safe Food Substance". One 2008 study suggested that women consuming 200 milligrams or more of caffeine per day had about twice the miscarriage risk as women who had none, while another 2008 study found no link between miscarriage and caffeine consumption. |
 | Dogfight A dogfight... for fun. |
 | Stefu Walk walking like Stefu sö schlendrian! |
 | Polymers and Monomers Bio Project our Project we made for our 10th grade Bio Class. Due on Dec 12th 2007 on Polymers and Monomers |
 | hydrolysis of starch Our video displays the break down of starch through the childhood game Red Rover. The starch starts off as a polysaccharide, meaning it is made up of more than one molecules linked together through hydrogen bonds. We simulated this by having 5 students form a chain and connect by linking arms. Then 2 students ran through the student's arms thus imitating hydrolysis (the chemical breakdown of a bond through an enzyme). The two students running through acted as the enzyme amylase, and broke down the starch into disaccharides. The chain of humans was broken down into now two different chains. We then had students once again run through these chains, but this time acted as the enzymes maltase breaking down the disaccharides into monomers. Thus, breaking down the entire chains until the monomers were no longer connected but were single units of glucose. |
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