 | Reports From The Paris Commune (1 of 26) The Franco-Prussian War which began in July 1870 causes the fall of Napoleon III's Empire. A Government of National Defense, mostly made up of moderate Republicans, seizes power in an attempt to pursue the war. It ends in failure. The Government signs an armistice, against the will of the Parisians. The Germans challenge it's legitimacy and demand a new one be elected to sign a peace treaty. The elections of February 1871 bring back to power a strong majority of monarchists. The Parisians express their discontent openly in what are called the "Red Clubs". From September 1870, District Committees shape their claims into a counter-power which throws Paris into a pre-revolutionary climate. ---------- The peace plan strips France of Alsace-Lorraine, imposes 5 billion fr. compensation and, supreme humiliation, allows the German army to enter Paris. ---------- During the 6 month Prussian siege, the Parisians were cold and hungry. The mortality rate doubled. The jobless join the National Guard for 30p. a day. For 30p. in January 1871, one can buy a lettuce or a dog's brain. ---------- Nearly 300,000 strong, mostly opponents of the New Assembly, the National Guard is a Federation of elected delegates. It's aim: to defend the Republic against a Prussian invasion or a monarchist Restoration. ---------- Only 10% of Paris flats have drainage, 70,000 cesspools require sewage workers laboring at night. Candle is the only source of light for 80% of Parisians. ---------- "The Black Army moves in fury, peddling night and darkness. Each year state schools shut down by the hundreds, and more religious schools open in their place. The plan for universal cretinisation is alive." Blanqui, 1870 ---------- The National Guard, a militia with elected officers, is devoted to its democratic system. A Central Committee, rejecting all government authority, is elected on March 15. More than just a military force, it becomes a political power serving a revolutionary ideal. ---------- |
 | Reports From The Paris Commune (2 of 26) Fearing the Parisians, the new National Assembly moves to Versailles, 19km from the capital. Adolphe Thiers, Chief Executive, stays in Paris with his Government. On March 18, Thiers sends units of the regular army to seize cannon held by the Guard. He fears the weapons will be used against the Government. ---------- The scenes in the 11th District were filmed in 13 days, mostly using long, 10-min. "sequence shots", and chronologically following the Commune events. Fraternization with the army led by the women of Montmartre, foils an attempt to seize the National Guard cannon. Insurrection spreads spontaneously throughout the working class areas of Paris. ---------- By 9:00 a.m., government authority has vanished. Two generals are captured, an officer is killed by the crowd. His horse is hacked to pieces on the spot. ---------- |
 | Reports From The Paris Commune (3 of 26) 11th District Battalion Delegates from the Basfroi Sub-Committee. In the Town Hall, a Municipal Delegation is formed to run the local National Guard and the District. ---------- The bodies of General Lecomte and Thomas, one of whom was partly responsible fro the bloody repression of 1848, lie riddled with bullets. An autopsy reveals that most shots came from Government army rifles... ---------- The National Guard Central Committee moves into the Town Hall and Ministries. They seize the power left vacant by the flight of the Government, and take over as city administrators. They plan to elect a Paris Commune. ---------- Women are the hardest hit in the poor working class areas. An average salary: 4 fr. a day for men and 2 fr. for women. Many dressmakers only get from 50 centimes to 1.25 fr.. 20 - 30, 000 Parisian women practice the "fifth-quarter", the time set for illicit prostitution, in wide sellers' back shops, hotels, or their own homes. ---------- The National TV Versailles report is completely false. The troops retreated in such haste and chaos that several regiments were forgotten in Paris ---------- |
 | Franco-German War (1870) The causes of the Franco-Prussian War are deeply rooted in the events surrounding balance of power after the Napoleonic Wars. France and Prussia had been combatants against each other, with France being on the losing side and Napoleon I being exiled to Elba. Upon the ascension of Napoleon III thanks to a coup in France and Otto von Bismarck taking over as minister in Prussia, events soon brought them to war after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866. The Prussian Army held a brief victory parade in Paris on 17 February, and Bismarck honoured the armistice by sending trainloads of food into Paris and withdrawing Prussian forces to the east of the city, which would be withdrawn as soon as France agreed to pay five-billion francs in war indemnity.[53] At the same time, Prussian forces were withdrawn from France and concentrated in the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. An exodus occurred from Paris as some 200,000 people, predominantly middle-class, left the city for the countryside. Paris was quickly re-supplied with free food and fuel by the United Kingdom and several accounts recall life in the city settling back to normal. National elections returned an overwhelmingly conservative government, which, under President Adolphe Thiers, established itself in Versailles, fearing that the political climate of Paris was too dangerous to set up the capital in the city. The new government, formed mainly of conservative, middle-class rural politicians, passed a variety of laws which greatly angered the population of Paris, such as the controversial Law of Maturities, which decreed that all rents in Paris, which had been postponed since September 1870, and all public debts across France, which had been given a moratorium in November 1870, were to be paid in full, with interest, within 48 hours. Paris shouldered an unfairly high proportion of the indemnity payments made to the Prussians, and the population of the city quickly grew resentful of the Versailles government. With Paris under the protection of the revolutionary National Guard and few regular soldiers in the city, left-wing leaders established themselves in the Hôtel de Ville and established the Paris Commune which was savagely repressed by Versailles with the loss of c.20,000 lives. In the 1890s, the Dreyfus Affair developed out of the aftermath of the war, when secret messages to Germany were discovered in a wastebasket in the French intelligence department, and Alsace-born Alfred Dreyfus was wrongfully sentenced for treason. The Treaty of Frankfurt, in addition to giving Germany the city of Strasbourg and the fortification at Metz, it more importantly gave them possession of Alsace and the northern portion of Lorraine (Moselle), both (especially Alsace) of which were home to a majority of ethnic Germans.[citation needed] The loss of this territory was a source of resentment in France for years to come, and contributed to public support for World War I, in which France vowed to take back control of Alsace-Lorraine. This revanchism created a permanent state of crisis between Germany and France (French-German enmity), which would be one of the contributing factors leading to World War I. |
 | Reports From The Paris Commune (11 of 26) Along with registry and National Guard supplies, the town Hall is in charge of revolutionary police, and denunciations against bourgeois enemies and draft evaders. ---------- |
 | Cuba National Anthem The native Amerindian population of Cuba began to decline after the European discovery of the island by Christopher COLUMBUS in 1492 and following its development as a Spanish colony during the next several centuries. Large numbers of African slaves were imported to work the coffee and sugar plantations, and Havana became the launching point for the annual treasure fleets bound for Spain from Mexico and Peru. Spanish rule, marked initially by neglect, became increasingly repressive, provoking an independence movement and occasional rebellions that were harshly suppressed. It was US intervention during the Spanish-American War in 1898 that finally overthrew Spanish rule. The subsequent Treaty of Paris established Cuban independence, which was granted in 1902 after a three-year transition period. Fidel CASTRO led a rebel army to victory in 1959; his iron rule has held the regime together since then. Cuba's Communist revolution, with Soviet support, was exported throughout Latin America and Africa during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s. The country is now slowly recovering from a severe economic recession in 1990, following the withdrawal of former Soviet subsidies, worth $4 billion to $6 billion annually. Cuba portrays its difficulties as the result of the US embargo in place since 1961. Illicit migration to the US - using homemade rafts, alien smugglers, air flights, or via the southwest border - is a continuing problem. The US Coast Guard intercepted 2,810 individuals attempting to cross the Straits of Florida in fiscal year 2006. 14 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 special municipality* (municipio especial); Camaguey, Ciego de Avila, Cienfuegos, Ciudad de La Habana, Granma, Guantanamo, Holguin, Isla de la Juventud*, La Habana, Las Tunas, Matanzas, Pinar del Rio, Sancti Spiritus, Santiago de Cuba, Villa Clara. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cu.html |
 | PARIS Interview While you were out filling your body with the kind of mood-altering chemicals that could lead to a tragic drivers license suspension of your own on Friday night, David Letterman was luring recently rehabilitated probation-violator Paris Hilton into a Late Show ambush, promising Hilton a chance to promote her latest brand-extension efforts (another perfume and a straight-to-video acting credit--oh yeah, and some, like, charity thing or whatever) to a national audience of eager consumers. But once Hilton took her place in the guest chair, Letterman, channeling the feared talk-show inquisitor of his NBC past, went at the heiress like a playfully sadistic, hose-brandishing prison guard offering his favorite inmate an ice-cold, in-cell shower, refusing to discuss anything but her brief time behind bars. What follows is an instant television classic. |
 | Historic Photos These are the most important photos of the 20th and 21st century. A beautiful collection compiled by Magnum Photos. It includes (in order): CERRO MURIANO, Spain—Federico Borrell Garcia, Spanish loyalist militiaman, collapses into death, 1936. FRANCE—D-Day, Omaha Beach, 1944. HIROSHIMA, Japan—The center of the atomic bomb blast. A Japanese soldier walks through a site where an army barracks once stood, 1945. POLAND—Teresa, a child in a residence for disturbed children, grew up in a concentration camp. She has drawn a picture of "home" on the blackboard, 1948. KORDOFAN, Sudan—The Nubas, 1949. NORTH CAROLINA—A black man drinks at segregated water fountains, 1950. NEW YORK—James Dean alone in Times Square, 1955. SANTA CLARA, Cuba—Fidel Castro lifts a young admirer during the revolution, 1959. MOSCOW—Nikita Khrushchev and Richard Nixon's kitchen debate, 1959. SHARPEVILLE, South Africa—Police open fire on a crowd, killing more than 70 and injuring hundreds of others during what came to be known as the Sharpeville massacre, 1960. CHICAGO—Malcolm X, 1961. ARLINGTON, Va.—Jacqueline Kennedy at John Fitzgerald Kennedy's funeral, Nov. 25, 1963. WASHINGTON, D.C.—At the climax of his "I Have A Dream" speech, Martin Luther King Jr. raises his arm on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and calls out for deliverance with the electrifying words of an old Negro spiritual hymn, "Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!", 1963. BIRMINGHAM, Ala.—A female protester being arrested and led away by police, 1963. SOUTH CAROLINA—A funeral of a soldier killed in Vietnam, 1966. ARLINGTON, Va.—Jan Rose Kasmir confronts the National Guard outside the Pentagon during the 1967 anti-Vietnam War march, 1967. SAIGON, Vietnam—The Saigon fire department, which has the job of collecting the dead from city streets, has just placed a girl, killed by U.S. helicopter fire, in the back of their truck, where her brother finds her, 1968. PARIS—Students hurl projectiles during the May 1968 student protest. PRAGUE, Czechoslovakia—Warsaw Pact troops invade Prague near the radio headquarters, 1968. MATAGALPA, Nicaragua—Muchachos await counterattack by the Guard, 1978. MEXICO—Mexicans are arrested while trying to cross the U.S. border, 1979. PESHAWAR, Pakistan—An Afghan girl at Nasir Bagh refugee camp, 1984. NEW BRIGHTON, United Kingdom—1985. TEHRAN, Iran—Veiled women learn how to shoot in the outskirts of the city, 1986. CONEY ISLAND, N.Y.—A family walks along the crowded boardwalk, 1986. BERLIN—A young man bridges the wall between East and West Berlin, 1989. BEIJING, China—Tiananmen Square, 1989. SAN FRANCISCO—AIDS at the Ambassador Hotel. James has been living with AIDS since 1985. He moved into the hotel three years ago. It's the longest time he has lived anywhere, 1993. BROOKLYN, N.Y.—Young people watch a huge plume of smoke rise from lower Manhattan after the attack on the World Trade Center, Sept. 11, 2001. GAZA STRIP—A Palestinian man prays in Khan Younis camp. He awaits permission to pass through an Israeli checkpoint at the entrance of Gush Oatif, 2003. IRAQ—An American soldier is killed during the battle for Baghdad, April 8, 2003. |
 | Réunion National Anthem Réunion (French: Réunion or formally La Réunion; previously Île Bourbon) is an island located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar, about 200 km (130 miles) south west of Mauritius, the nearest island. Administratively, Réunion is one of the overseas départements of France. Like the other overseas departments, Réunion is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic with the same status as those situated on the European mainland. Réunion is an outermost region of the European Union, and thus the currency used is the euro. In fact, due to its location in a time zone to the east of Europe, Réunion was the first region in the world to use the euro, and the first ever purchase using the euro occurred at 12.01 a.m., when the former mayor of Saint-Denis René-Paul Victoria bought a bag of lychees at a market. Arab sailors formerly called the island Adna Al Maghribain ("Western Island"). The Portuguese were the first Europeans to visit, finding it uninhabited in 1513, and naming it Santa Apollonia, after Saint Apollonia. The island was then occupied by France and administered from Port Louis, Mauritius. Although the French flag was hoisted by François Cauche in 1638, Santa Apollonia was officially claimed by Jacques Pronis of France in 1642, when he deported a dozen French mutineers to the island from Madagascar. The convicts were returned to France several years later, and in 1649, the island was named Île Bourbon after the royal house. "Réunion" was the name given to the island in 1793 by a decree of the Convention with the fall of the House of Bourbon in France, and the name commemorates the union of revolutionaries from Marseille with the National Guard in Paris, which took place on August 10, 1792. In 1801, the island was renamed "Île Bonaparte," after Napoleon Bonaparte. The island was taken by the British navy led by Commodore Josias Rowley in 1810, who used the old name of "Bourbon". When it was restored to France by the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the island retained the name of "Bourbon" until 1848, when the fall of the restored Bourbons during the revolutions during that year meant that the island became "Réunion" once again. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route. Réunion became a département d'outre-mer (overseas department) of France on March 19, 1946. Its département code is 974. Between 15 and 16 March 1952, Cilaos at the centre of Réunion received 1,869.9 mm (73.6 in) of rainfall. This is the greatest 24-hour precipitation total ever recorded on earth. The island also holds the record for most rainfall in 72 hours, 3,929 mm (154.7 in) at Commerson's Crater in March, 2007. In 2005 and 2006 Réunion was hit by a crippling epidemic of chikungunya, a disease spread by mosquitoes. According to the BBC News, 255,000 people on Réunion had contracted the disease as of 26 April 2006.[3] The disease also spread to Madagascar[4] and to mainland France through airline travel. The disease led to more than 200 deaths on Réunion. The French government under Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin sent an emergency aid package worth 36 million euros ($42.8M U.S. dollars) and deployed approximately five hundred French troops in an effort to eradicate mosquitoes. Chikungunya means "that which bends" in the Makonde language of the Tanzania/Mozambique border region where it was first identified. It can cause dehydration, extreme pain and high fevers and in some rare cases can be fatal. There is no known cure. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9union |
 | Les Miserables - Red and Black - SMFHS Musical '07 again: sorry for messing up the angle xP STUPID PEOPLE'S HEADS! yeah. it was hard getting the footage this time. there was some random mic that was propped up in the audience that night for some reason... *shrugs* this is from the second friday's showing. Cast: Jean Valjean......Andrew Garner Javert......Joel Music Fantine......Meredith Schueneman Young Cosette......Courtney Colligan Young Eponine......Erin Houchen Thenardier......Yashar Niknafs Madame Thenardier......Natalie Dove Eponine......Erica Shimco Enjolras......T.J. Jozsa Marius......Tyler Ellis Cosette......Mary Beth Belen Gavroche......Ben Fortin Lyrics: Combeferre At Notre Dame The sections are prepared! Feuilly At rue de Bac They're straining at the leash! Courfeyrac Students, workers, everyone There's a river on the run Like the flowing of the tide Paris coming to our side! Enjolras The time is near... So near.. it's stirring the blood in their veins! And yet beware... Don't let the wine go to your brains! For the army we fight is a dangerous foe With the men and the arms that we never can match Oh, it's easy to sit here and swat 'em like flies But the national guard will be harder to catch. We need a sign To rally the people To call them to arms To bring them in line! [Marius enters.] Marius, you're late. Joly What's wrong today? You look as if you've seen a ghost. Grantaire Some wine and say what's going on! Marius A ghost you say... a ghost maybe She was just like a ghost to me One minute there, and she was gone! Grantaire I am agog! I am aghast! Is Marius in love at last? I have never heard him 'ooh' and 'aah' You talk of battles to be won But here he comes like Don Ju-an It's better than an o-per-a! Enjolras It is time for us all To decide who we are... Do we fight for the right To a night at the opera now? Have you asked of yourselves What's the price you might pay? Is it simply a game For rich young boys to play? The color of the world Is changing Day by day... Red - the blood of angry men! Black - the dark of ages past! Red - a world about to dawn! Black - the night that ends at last! Marius Had you been there tonight You might know how it feels To be struck to the bone In a moment of breathless delight! Had you been there tonight You might also have known How the world may be changed In just one burst of light! And what was right Seems wrong And what was wrong Seems right... Grantaire [mocking...] Red... Marius I feel my soul on fire! Grantaire Black... Marius My world if she's not there... All Red... Marius The color of desire! All Black... Marius The color of despair! Enjolras Marius, you're no longer a child I do not doubt you mean it well But now there is a higher call Who cares about your lonely soul We strive toward a larger goal Our little lives don't count at all! All Red - the blood of angry men! Black - the dark of ages past! Red - a world about to dawn! Black - the night that ends at last! |
 | A message to my militia brothers and sisters IF you are a member of AIPAC, the KKK or NAACP, you won't like this movie, and I won't care! For those of you who argue that "the civil war was about slavery!"... I would ask you to check your sources. Yes, there were slaves in the South. Look at who brought the slaves to America...(New England slave ships backed by slimy bankers.) Slavery was in a decline and the big bankers up north liquidated their assets before putting on this "I scored cookie points with morality" pin and invaded the SOVEREIGN nation of the Confederate States of America. Don't try to tell me that it was about slavery. Look at your sources. The history books are rhetoric backed by no historical document as my arguments are fully documented. Here's just one video regarding one point out of my 16 point argument. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fl2NREX0dmA The Lincolnites had actually taxed the South to death and the South decided to flip the bird and practice it's right under constitutional law and individual treatises between each state and the federal government where the Federal Government welcomed each of the states knowing FULL WELL that each sovereign entity may divorce itself from the Union any time that they see fit. Google the Morrel tariff South will RISE again! Keywords: American Revolution, Militia, Revolution, Revolt, American Militia Movement, A.R.M, Alex Jones, New World Order, Illuminati, NWO, Skull and Bones, Bush, 911 Conspiracy, The Civilians Military, Militia, American Resistance Movement, Revolt, Bilderberg, CFR, Alex Jones, Jordan Maxwell, Loose Change, End Game, Terrorstorm,Tags: Patriot Act, HR 1955, 911 was an inside job, truth, iraq war, black water, free masons, Ron Paul, New World Order carbon tax CO2 Global Warming is a fearmongering scam. The sun is getting hotter. Alex Jones is just one source. Police State is just making some X-military clones. MK Ultra mind control. Income. John F. Kennedy or JFK CIA FBI international bankers Rothschild David Rockefeller. Chemtrails chemical trails from jets. Air Force United States Army Navy Marines National Guard. NORAD stood down. Fake war in Iraq and Afghanistan but the human deaths are real. Corporations own a market for every physical item on this Earth. Immortal Technique is trying to push the revolution into the streets. I don't know if I can agree with that. People go to work all day Jedi Mind Tricks are alright. Vinnie Paz in shit. Paris is OK. Sick Since and Ill Bill all good. 911 or September 11, 2001 was the greatest world scam to take place in a very long time, no matter what your take on the conspiracy theorist or theories America American Turn off the TV and the news. Project Paper Clip Operation Northwoods George W H Bush Bill Skull and Bones Bohemia Grove secrete societies Freemasons mason Masonic Temple Mormon. Government in schools. Mercury Vaccines. Nazi Hitler Every one is in a rush. Drugs marijuana blunt alcohol tobacco National ID Cards in May 2008. Elections are rigged. Real ID Act congress president. Obama and Mccain are clones. Republicans and Democrats are the same. Council on Foreign Relations. Club of Rome. Trilateral Commission. Federal Reserve illusion money dollar fall. Graph and carts. Round Table. Cocaine Mushrooms Crack Heroin Meth. 666 Mark of the Beast Christian Catholic Muslim Jewish Jew inside job protest fight Last Days Jesus Christ God. The second coming. North American Union. South American Union. APEC. European Union. All Seeing Eye. Devil Lucifer. Traffic cams cameras intersection cops clowns jesters. CFR is weak. NAU One World Government Tags: New World Order Constitution Militia USA NWO illuminati patriot act hr 1955 revolution 911 conpiracy Paranoid Patriot |
 | Reports From The Paris Commune (23 of 26) May 21, the Versailles troops enter Paris through an unguarded gate. Delescluze abandons all organized resistance and calls for a "revolutionary war". He puts up posters troughout Paris: "Citizens, enough militarism, no more brass hats trimmed with braid! Give way to the people, to combatants with naked arms!" ---------- On May 22, Theirs' army starts murdering prisoners in the "liberated" areas. During the next days, thousands of Parisians, men, women, children, are shot or bayoneted on the spot. Thousands more are sent to summary military courts, given arbitrary sentences, and sent to the firing squad. ---------- The first large scale massacres. The wounded of the St.-Sulprice Hospital are brutally killed by the regular army under General Lacretelle. Dwellers in a slum are murdered by General bocher's brigade.... The French educational system - which denied us any financial help - maintains silence on these and other Commune events. This film is dedicated to French filmmakers who were prevented from completing films on this subject. ---------- Troops invade Commune TV. The broadcasts cease. Gerard Bourlet decides to use his radio microphone to cover events in the 11th District. ---------- The rapid advance of the Versaillais, their blood thirsty behavior, set the Communards against the hostages. May 26, Colonel Gois, escorted by National Guard and rebels, executes 51 hostages on Hazo Street. Eugene Varlin tries in vain to stop them. ---------- |
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