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EspañolNATIVE COUNTRIES OF NORTH AMERICA
The following is a list of names of Native countries of North America - the traditional homelands of Native American peoples. Autonymic names in Native American languages are in 'bold', translations of the Native names are in parentheses and quotes. The Native language or dialect of that form of the country's name is in brackets; for example, [Plains Cree]. Names for that Native country in other languages, such as conventional English names, are in a normal font and indented with a bullet unless only exonyms are yet known to the authors, in which case the exonym (in parentheses and a non-bold font) is used as the main entry - such as where only the Abenaki name for "Mahican Country" is yet known.
'Anishinaabewaki' ("Anishinaabe Land")[1] [Ojibwe]
★ Anishinaabe Country, Algonkin-Nipissing-Mississauga-Ojibwe-Saulteaux-Odawa-Potawatomi Country
'Apsáalooke Issawua'[2] [Crow]
★ Apsáalooke Country [1], Crow Country [2]
(Atrakwae [3] [Huron; the Kahkwa language is unattested])
★ Kakouagoga Country, Kahkwa Country
'Benteh' ("Among the Lakes") [4] [Tanaina]
★ Dena'ina Country, Tanaina Country
(Chontalpa ("The Land of the Chontal")[3] [Nahuatl])
★ Yokot'an Country, Chontal Country
'Denendeh' ("Land of the People") [5]
★ Dene Country, Northwest Territories Athabaskan Country
'Diné Bikéyah' ("Land of the People") [6], 'Dinétah' ("Among the People") [7] [Navajo]
★ Diné Country, Navajo Country, Navajoland [8]
'Dus-gaˊ-o-weh-o-noˊ-ga' [4]
★ Tuscarora Country
'Eeyou Istchee' ("Land of the People") [9] [East Cree]
★ East Cree Country, Quebec Cree Country
'Gwe-uˊ-gweh-o-noˊ-ga'
★ Cayuga Country
'Haida Gwaii' [10] [Haida]
★ Haida Country
'Haudenosauneega' [11], 'Aquanishuonigy' [12]
★ Iroquoia, Iroquois Country
'Hopitutskwa' ("Hopi Land")[5] [13] [Hopi]
★ Hopi Country, Hopiland [14]
'Inuit Nunaat' ("Land of the Inuit") [15] [Greenlandic]
★ Inuit Country
'Kalaallit Nunaat' ("Land of the Kalaallit (Greenlanders)") [16] [Greenlandic]
★ Greenland
'Kanién:ke', 'Kanienkeh' (" Land of Flint ")[6], 'Gä-neă-ga-o-noˊ-ga' [Mohawk]
★ Mohawk Country
★ Annien̈ę (with an n-diaeresis)[7], Agné, Agnée, Agnié, Anié [Huron]
★ Meqewihkuk ("Among the Mohawks") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
'Karúk Veezívzaaneen' ("Karuk (Upriver) Country") [17] [Karuk]
★ Karuk Country
'Kitaskino' ("Our [inclusive] Land; Our [inclusive] Territory"), 'Nitaskinan' ("Our [exclusive] land; Our [exclusive] Territory")[8], 'Nehirowisi aski' ("Autonomous Earth") The earth (''aski'') where Atikamekw can be autonomous (''nehirowisiw''). [18] [Atikamekw]
★ Atikamekw Country [19]
'Lingít Aaní' ("Land of the Tlingit") [20] [Tlingit]
★ Tlingit Country
'Lenapehoking' ("In the People's Land")[9] [21] and [22], 'Scheyischbi' ("The Place Bordering the Ocean") [23] [Lenape]
★ Lenape Country, Delaware Country
(Mahiganek ("At the Mahicans") [24] [Abenaki])
★ Mahican Country
'Mánu: Yį Įsuwą' ("Land of the River (Esaw) People")[10] [Catawba]
★ Catawba Country
'Mi'kma'ki' [25], 'Migmagi' [26] ("Allies' Land")[11] [Micmac]
★ Mi'kmaq Country, Micmac Country
★ Mihkomahkik ("In Mi'kmaq Territory")[12] [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
(Msajosek ("The Great Hill") [27] [Abenaki])
★ Massachusett Country
'Ndakinna' [28], 'N'dakina' [29] ("Our [exclusive] Land") [Abenaki]
★ Abenaki Country
★ Aponahkik ("In Abenaki Territory") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
'Nēhiýānāhk' ("Cree Country")[13], 'Nēhiýaw-askiy' (" Cree Land ") [Plains Cree]
★ Cree Country
'Newe Segobia' ("The People's Earth Mother") [30] [Western Shoshone]
★ Western Shoshone Country
'Niitsitpiis-stahkoii' [31] [Blackfoot]
★ Blackfoot Country
'Nitassinan' ("Our [exclusive] Land")[32] Refers to Montagnais territory as a whole. 'Innu Assi' (" People Land ") [33] Refers to those lands within Nitassinan that are owned by the Montagnais. [Montagnais]
★ Innu Country, Montagnais Country
★ Muhtaniyewihkuk ("In Montagnais Territory") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
'No-wa-mu' ("Mother Earth")[14] [Jemez]
★ Jemez Country
'Numunuu Sookobitu' ("Comanche Earth")[15] [Comanche]
★ Comanchería, Comanche Country
'Nunatsiavut' ("Our Beautiful Land") [34] [Inuttut]
★ Labrador Inuit Country
'Nunavik' ("Place to Live") [35] [Inuttitut]
★ Nunavimmiut Country, Quebec Inuit Country
' Nunavut ' ("Our Land") [36] [Inuktitut]
★ Nunavummuit Country, Eastern Canadian Arctic Inuit Country
'Nun-daˊ-wä-o-noˊ-ga'
★ Seneca Country
'O-nunˊdä-ga-o-noˊ-ga'
★ Onondaga Country
'Onyota’a:ka’', 'Onʌyoteʔaˑkaˑ'' ("People of the Standing Stone")[16], 'O-naˊ-yote-kä-o-noˊ-ga' [Oneida]
★ Oneida Country
'O'odham Jeweḍ' ("Land(s) of the People (O'odham)")[17], 'O'odham ha-jeweḍga' is a more political designation, as in the "O'odham Reservation/Nation". [Tohono O'odham]
★ O'odham Country, Tohono O'odham Country+Akimel O'odham Country
(Osogonek (" Algonquin Place ") [37] [Abenaki])
★ Algonquin Country
'Panaôbskaiiak' ("Land of the Penobscots")[18] [Penobscot (Eastern Abenaki)]
★ Penobscot Country [38]
★ Pan8bskaik, Pana8bskaiiak ("Land of the Penobscots") [39] [Western Abenaki]
★ Panuwapskewihkuk ("Among the Penobscots") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
'Paskwāwiýinīnāhk' ("In the Plains Cree Country") [Plains Cree]
★ Plains Cree Country
'Peskotomuhkatik' ("In the Land of the Passamaquoddies (Pollock-spearers)") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
★ Passamaquoddy Country [40]
'Pokanoket' ("Land of the Bitter Water Bays and Coves")[19] [Wampanoag]
★ Wampanoag Country
'Shiwinnaqin' [41] [Zuni]
★ Ashiwi Country, Zuni Country
'Sq'wayáiɬaqtmš'[20] [Upper Chehalis]
★ Upper Chehalis Country
'Tatl'ahwt'aenn Nenn' ' ("Headwaters People's Country") [42] [Ahtna]
★ Upper Ahtna Country
'Tohono' ("Desert") [Tohono O'odham]
★ Tohono O'odham Country, Papaguería[21]
'Tsenacommacah', 'Tsenacomoco', 'Tenakomakah', 'Attanoughkomouck', 'Attan-Akamik' ("Activity-grounds", "Land of Much Events")[22] [Powhatan]
★ Powhatan Country
'Tséstho'e', 'Zesthoe' [43] (" Cheyenne Land ") [ Cheyenne ]
★ Cheyenne Country
'Wa She Shu E Deh'[23] ("Washo Land") [Washo]
★ Washo Country
'Wabanaki' [44] [Abenaki], 'Waponahkik' [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy] ("Dawn Land")
★ Wabanaki Country, Abenaki-Maliseet-Penobscot-Passamaquoddy-Mi'kmaq Country
'Wolastokuk' ("Land of the Beautiful River ( St. John River )") [Maliseet-Passamaquody]
★ Maliseet Country
'Wazidja' ("The Grand Pinery") [45] [Winnebago]
★ Hotcâk Country, Winnebago Country [46]
'Wendake' [47] [Wyandot]
★ Wendat Country, Wyandot Country, Huronia, Huron Country
★ Ksitegwiiak ("Land of the Hurons") [48] [Abenaki]
(Yurúk Veezívzaaneen ("Yurok (Downriver) Country") [Karuk])
★ Yurok Country
1. Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary
2. "Apsáalooke Issawua": Email correspondence with Tim McCleary, Project Coordinator, Crow Place Name Project, December 31, 2006. The element "Issawua" should probably have an accent mark showing stress.
3. ''Handbook of Middle American Indians'', Volume 7, Robert Wauchope editor.
4. ''League of the Ho-deˊ-no-sau-nee or Iroquois'' by Lewis H. Morgan, 1904
5. "Hopitutskwa": ''Hopi Dictionary'' compiled by the Hopi Dictionary Project, 1997.
6. "Kanién:ke": Email correspondence with Kiotenhariyo of Ganienkeh Territory, February 4, 2007. The Ganienkeh Community was apparently spelled that way intentionally to distinguish it as the community, within the greater territory of Kanienkeh.
7. "Annien̈ę (and related forms): p.479 of ''Handbook of North American Indians'', Volume 15, 1978.
8. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21721/apb.html ''Kit...no'' is the inclusive "our", thus used when Atikamekw are speaking among themselves while ''Ni...nan'' is the exclusive "our", thus used when Atikamekw are speaking to non-Atikamekw
9. Lenape ''Lenapehoking'' is apparently cognate with Ojibwe ''Ininaabewakiing'' "in the People's Land", according to Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary.
10. "Mánu: Yį Įsuwą": Suggested by Blair Rudes of the University of North Carolina-Charlotte, via email correspondence, February 7, 2007.
11. Mi'kmaq ''Mi'kma'ki'' is apparently cognate with Ojibwe ''Miigimaaki'' and Maliseet ''Mihkomahkik'' "Allies' Land", according to Freelang Ojibwe and Freelang Maliseet Dictionaries.
12. >Freelang Maliseet Dictionary
13. ''nēhiýawēwin'' by Arok Wolvengrey, 2001.
14. ''Nee Hemish: A History of Jemez Pueblo'' by Joe S. Sando, 1982.
15. "Numunuu Sookobitu": Email correspondence with The Comanche Language and Cultural Preservation Committee, February 5, 2007.
16. Onyota’a:ka’: Email correspondence with Kandice Watson, Education and Cultural Relations Director of the Oneida Indian Nation's Shako:wi Cultural Center. Ms. Watson stated: ''"This means “People of the Standing Stone”. Every Iroquois Nation has some way of describing their people, for example, the Onondaga are known as “The People of the Great Hills”. So when people say Onyota’a:ka’, they are referring to us or our homelands."'' (February 20, 2007). Onʌyoteʔaˑkaˑ': Email correspondence with the Oneidan Language Revitalization Program, February 12, 2007.
17. Tohono O'odham names from Ofelia Zepeda, linguist from the University of Arizona and native Tohono O'odham speaker, from email correspondence via her colleague Mizuki Miyashita, February 12, 2007.
18. Freelang Abenaki-Penobscot Dictionary
19. ''The Wampanoag Indian Federation'' by Milton A. Travers, 1961.
20. "Sq'wayáiɬaqtmš": ''Upper Chehalis Dictionary'' by M. Dale Kincaid, 1991.
21. ''Papagos and Politics'' by Blaine and Adams, 1981.
22. Powhatan ''Tenakomakah'' is apparently cognate with Ojibwe ''Danakamigaa'': "activity-grounds", i.e. "land of much events", according to Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary.
23. "Wa She Shu E Deh": ''Wa She Shu: A Washo Tribal History'' by Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada, 1976
'Anishinaabewaki' ("Anishinaabe Land")[1] [Ojibwe]
★ Anishinaabe Country, Algonkin-Nipissing-Mississauga-Ojibwe-Saulteaux-Odawa-Potawatomi Country
'Apsáalooke Issawua'[2] [Crow]
★ Apsáalooke Country [1], Crow Country [2]
(Atrakwae [3] [Huron; the Kahkwa language is unattested])
★ Kakouagoga Country, Kahkwa Country
'Benteh' ("Among the Lakes") [4] [Tanaina]
★ Dena'ina Country, Tanaina Country
(Chontalpa ("The Land of the Chontal")[3] [Nahuatl])
★ Yokot'an Country, Chontal Country
'Denendeh' ("Land of the People") [5]
★ Dene Country, Northwest Territories Athabaskan Country
'Diné Bikéyah' ("Land of the People") [6], 'Dinétah' ("Among the People") [7] [Navajo]
★ Diné Country, Navajo Country, Navajoland [8]
'Dus-gaˊ-o-weh-o-noˊ-ga' [4]
★ Tuscarora Country
'Eeyou Istchee' ("Land of the People") [9] [East Cree]
★ East Cree Country, Quebec Cree Country
'Gwe-uˊ-gweh-o-noˊ-ga'
★ Cayuga Country
'Haida Gwaii' [10] [Haida]
★ Haida Country
'Haudenosauneega' [11], 'Aquanishuonigy' [12]
★ Iroquoia, Iroquois Country
'Hopitutskwa' ("Hopi Land")[5] [13] [Hopi]
★ Hopi Country, Hopiland [14]
'Inuit Nunaat' ("Land of the Inuit") [15] [Greenlandic]
★ Inuit Country
'Kalaallit Nunaat' ("Land of the Kalaallit (Greenlanders)") [16] [Greenlandic]
★ Greenland
'Kanién:ke', 'Kanienkeh' (" Land of Flint ")[6], 'Gä-neă-ga-o-noˊ-ga' [Mohawk]
★ Mohawk Country
★ Annien̈ę (with an n-diaeresis)[7], Agné, Agnée, Agnié, Anié [Huron]
★ Meqewihkuk ("Among the Mohawks") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
'Karúk Veezívzaaneen' ("Karuk (Upriver) Country") [17] [Karuk]
★ Karuk Country
'Kitaskino' ("Our [inclusive] Land; Our [inclusive] Territory"), 'Nitaskinan' ("Our [exclusive] land; Our [exclusive] Territory")[8], 'Nehirowisi aski' ("Autonomous Earth") The earth (''aski'') where Atikamekw can be autonomous (''nehirowisiw''). [18] [Atikamekw]
★ Atikamekw Country [19]
'Lingít Aaní' ("Land of the Tlingit") [20] [Tlingit]
★ Tlingit Country
'Lenapehoking' ("In the People's Land")[9] [21] and [22], 'Scheyischbi' ("The Place Bordering the Ocean") [23] [Lenape]
★ Lenape Country, Delaware Country
(Mahiganek ("At the Mahicans") [24] [Abenaki])
★ Mahican Country
'Mánu: Yį Įsuwą' ("Land of the River (Esaw) People")[10] [Catawba]
★ Catawba Country
'Mi'kma'ki' [25], 'Migmagi' [26] ("Allies' Land")[11] [Micmac]
★ Mi'kmaq Country, Micmac Country
★ Mihkomahkik ("In Mi'kmaq Territory")[12] [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
(Msajosek ("The Great Hill") [27] [Abenaki])
★ Massachusett Country
'Ndakinna' [28], 'N'dakina' [29] ("Our [exclusive] Land") [Abenaki]
★ Abenaki Country
★ Aponahkik ("In Abenaki Territory") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
'Nēhiýānāhk' ("Cree Country")[13], 'Nēhiýaw-askiy' (" Cree Land ") [Plains Cree]
★ Cree Country
'Newe Segobia' ("The People's Earth Mother") [30] [Western Shoshone]
★ Western Shoshone Country
'Niitsitpiis-stahkoii' [31] [Blackfoot]
★ Blackfoot Country
'Nitassinan' ("Our [exclusive] Land")[32] Refers to Montagnais territory as a whole. 'Innu Assi' (" People Land ") [33] Refers to those lands within Nitassinan that are owned by the Montagnais. [Montagnais]
★ Innu Country, Montagnais Country
★ Muhtaniyewihkuk ("In Montagnais Territory") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
'No-wa-mu' ("Mother Earth")[14] [Jemez]
★ Jemez Country
'N
★ Comanchería, Comanche Country
'Nunatsiavut' ("Our Beautiful Land") [34] [Inuttut]
★ Labrador Inuit Country
'Nunavik' ("Place to Live") [35] [Inuttitut]
★ Nunavimmiut Country, Quebec Inuit Country
' Nunavut ' ("Our Land") [36] [Inuktitut]
★ Nunavummuit Country, Eastern Canadian Arctic Inuit Country
'Nun-daˊ-wä-o-noˊ-ga'
★ Seneca Country
'O-nunˊdä-ga-o-noˊ-ga'
★ Onondaga Country
'Onyota’a:ka’', 'Onʌyoteʔaˑkaˑ'' ("People of the Standing Stone")[16], 'O-naˊ-yote-kä-o-noˊ-ga' [Oneida]
★ Oneida Country
'O'odham Jeweḍ' ("Land(s) of the People (O'odham)")[17], 'O'odham ha-jeweḍga' is a more political designation, as in the "O'odham Reservation/Nation". [Tohono O'odham]
★ O'odham Country, Tohono O'odham Country+Akimel O'odham Country
(Osogonek (" Algonquin Place ") [37] [Abenaki])
★ Algonquin Country
'Panaôbskaiiak' ("Land of the Penobscots")[18] [Penobscot (Eastern Abenaki)]
★ Penobscot Country [38]
★ Pan8bskaik, Pana8bskaiiak ("Land of the Penobscots") [39] [Western Abenaki]
★ Panuwapskewihkuk ("Among the Penobscots") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
'Paskwāwiýinīnāhk' ("In the Plains Cree Country") [Plains Cree]
★ Plains Cree Country
'Peskotomuhkatik' ("In the Land of the Passamaquoddies (Pollock-spearers)") [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy]
★ Passamaquoddy Country [40]
'Pokanoket' ("Land of the Bitter Water Bays and Coves")[19] [Wampanoag]
★ Wampanoag Country
'Shiwinnaqin' [41] [Zuni]
★ Ashiwi Country, Zuni Country
'Sq'wayáiɬaqtmš'[20] [Upper Chehalis]
★ Upper Chehalis Country
'Tatl'ahwt'aenn Nenn' ' ("Headwaters People's Country") [42] [Ahtna]
★ Upper Ahtna Country
'Tohono' ("Desert") [Tohono O'odham]
★ Tohono O'odham Country, Papaguería[21]
'Tsenacommacah', 'Tsenacomoco', 'Tenakomakah', 'Attanoughkomouck', 'Attan-Akamik' ("Activity-grounds", "Land of Much Events")[22] [Powhatan]
★ Powhatan Country
'Tséstho'e', 'Zesthoe' [43] (" Cheyenne Land ") [ Cheyenne ]
★ Cheyenne Country
'Wa She Shu E Deh'[23] ("Washo Land") [Washo]
★ Washo Country
'Wabanaki' [44] [Abenaki], 'Waponahkik' [Maliseet-Passamaquoddy] ("Dawn Land")
★ Wabanaki Country, Abenaki-Maliseet-Penobscot-Passamaquoddy-Mi'kmaq Country
'Wolastokuk' ("Land of the Beautiful River ( St. John River )") [Maliseet-Passamaquody]
★ Maliseet Country
'Wazidja' ("The Grand Pinery") [45] [Winnebago]
★ Hotcâk Country, Winnebago Country [46]
'Wendake' [47] [Wyandot]
★ Wendat Country, Wyandot Country, Huronia, Huron Country
★ Ksitegwiiak ("Land of the Hurons") [48] [Abenaki]
(Yurúk Veezívzaaneen ("Yurok (Downriver) Country") [Karuk])
★ Yurok Country
| Contents |
| Notes |
Notes
1. Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary
2. "Apsáalooke Issawua": Email correspondence with Tim McCleary, Project Coordinator, Crow Place Name Project, December 31, 2006. The element "Issawua" should probably have an accent mark showing stress.
3. ''Handbook of Middle American Indians'', Volume 7, Robert Wauchope editor.
4. ''League of the Ho-deˊ-no-sau-nee or Iroquois'' by Lewis H. Morgan, 1904
5. "Hopitutskwa": ''Hopi Dictionary'' compiled by the Hopi Dictionary Project, 1997.
6. "Kanién:ke": Email correspondence with Kiotenhariyo of Ganienkeh Territory, February 4, 2007. The Ganienkeh Community was apparently spelled that way intentionally to distinguish it as the community, within the greater territory of Kanienkeh.
7. "Annien̈ę (and related forms): p.479 of ''Handbook of North American Indians'', Volume 15, 1978.
8. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2004/21721/apb.html ''Kit...no'' is the inclusive "our", thus used when Atikamekw are speaking among themselves while ''Ni...nan'' is the exclusive "our", thus used when Atikamekw are speaking to non-Atikamekw
9. Lenape ''Lenapehoking'' is apparently cognate with Ojibwe ''Ininaabewakiing'' "in the People's Land", according to Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary.
10. "Mánu: Yį Įsuwą": Suggested by Blair Rudes of the University of North Carolina-Charlotte, via email correspondence, February 7, 2007.
11. Mi'kmaq ''Mi'kma'ki'' is apparently cognate with Ojibwe ''Miigimaaki'' and Maliseet ''Mihkomahkik'' "Allies' Land", according to Freelang Ojibwe and Freelang Maliseet Dictionaries.
12. >Freelang Maliseet Dictionary
13. ''nēhiýawēwin'' by Arok Wolvengrey, 2001.
14. ''Nee Hemish: A History of Jemez Pueblo'' by Joe S. Sando, 1982.
15. "N
16. Onyota’a:ka’: Email correspondence with Kandice Watson, Education and Cultural Relations Director of the Oneida Indian Nation's Shako:wi Cultural Center. Ms. Watson stated: ''"This means “People of the Standing Stone”. Every Iroquois Nation has some way of describing their people, for example, the Onondaga are known as “The People of the Great Hills”. So when people say Onyota’a:ka’, they are referring to us or our homelands."'' (February 20, 2007). Onʌyoteʔaˑkaˑ': Email correspondence with the Oneidan Language Revitalization Program, February 12, 2007.
17. Tohono O'odham names from Ofelia Zepeda, linguist from the University of Arizona and native Tohono O'odham speaker, from email correspondence via her colleague Mizuki Miyashita, February 12, 2007.
18. Freelang Abenaki-Penobscot Dictionary
19. ''The Wampanoag Indian Federation'' by Milton A. Travers, 1961.
20. "Sq'wayáiɬaqtmš": ''Upper Chehalis Dictionary'' by M. Dale Kincaid, 1991.
21. ''Papagos and Politics'' by Blaine and Adams, 1981.
22. Powhatan ''Tenakomakah'' is apparently cognate with Ojibwe ''Danakamigaa'': "activity-grounds", i.e. "land of much events", according to Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary.
23. "Wa She Shu E Deh": ''Wa She Shu: A Washo Tribal History'' by Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada, 1976
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