العربية
中国
Français
Deutsch
Ελληνική
हिन्दी
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
EspañolNOMENCLATURE CODES
The 'Nomenclature ''Codes''' (or "the ''Codes'' of nomenclature") are the rulebooks that govern biological nomenclature.
After the successful introduction of two-part names for species by Linnaeus it became ever more apparent that a detailed body of rules was necessary to govern scientific names. From the mid-nineteenth century onwards there were several initiatives to arrive at worldwide-accepted sets of rules. In the course of time these became the present Nomenclature Codes governing the naming of
★ animals (''International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature'' abbrev. ''ICZN'')
★ plants (incl. Fungi, cyanobacteria) (''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' abbrev. ''ICBN'' with supplementary ''Codes'')
★ bacteria (''International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria'' abbrev. ''ICNB'')
★ viruses (see virus classification).
The starting point, that is the time from which these ''Codes'' are in effect (usually retroactively), varies from group to group, and sometimes from rank to rank. In botany the starting point will often be 1753, in zoology 1758. On the other hand bacteriology started anew, making a clean sweep in 1980, although maintaining the original authors and dates of publication.
There are also differences in the way ''Codes'' work. For example, the ''ICBN'' (the plant ''Code'') forbids tautonyms, while the ''ICZN'', (the animal ''Code'') allows them.
These ''Codes'' differ in terminology, and there is a long-term project to "harmonize" this. For instance, the ''ICBN'' uses "valid" in "valid publication of a name" (= the act of publishing a formal name), with "establishing a name" as the ''ICZN'' equivalent. The ''ICZN'' uses "valid" in "valid name" (="correct name"), with "correct name" as the ''ICBN'' equivalent. Harmonization is making very limited progress.
A more radical approach is to replace all existing ''Codes'' by a ''BioCode'', basically a synthesis of the existing ''Codes''. [1][2] The BioCode draft has received little attention since 1997; its originally planned implementation date of January 1, 2000, has passed unnoticed.
Another code in development is the ''PhyloCode'', which regulates phylogenetic nomenclature rather than Linnaean nomenclature (that is, it requires phylogenetic definitions for every name, and does not contain mandatory ranks). Implementation is tentatively scheduled for sometime before 2010.
The formal names of cultivated plants are governed by the ''ICNCP''. This code operates within the limits set by the ''ICBN'', but uses different basic principles.
★ rank (botany)
★ rank (zoology)
1. Draft BioCode
2.
★ ''ICBN'' : ''St. Louis Code'' (2000)
★ ''ICZN'': the 'green book' (1999)
★ details on the ''ICNB'' of 1992
★ draft-BioCode
★ ''PhyloCode''
After the successful introduction of two-part names for species by Linnaeus it became ever more apparent that a detailed body of rules was necessary to govern scientific names. From the mid-nineteenth century onwards there were several initiatives to arrive at worldwide-accepted sets of rules. In the course of time these became the present Nomenclature Codes governing the naming of
★ animals (''International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature'' abbrev. ''ICZN'')
★ plants (incl. Fungi, cyanobacteria) (''International Code of Botanical Nomenclature'' abbrev. ''ICBN'' with supplementary ''Codes'')
★ bacteria (''International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria'' abbrev. ''ICNB'')
★ viruses (see virus classification).
| Contents |
| Differences between ''Codes'' |
| Starting point |
| Workings |
| Terminology |
| Other codes |
| See also |
| References |
| External links |
Differences between ''Codes''
Starting point
The starting point, that is the time from which these ''Codes'' are in effect (usually retroactively), varies from group to group, and sometimes from rank to rank. In botany the starting point will often be 1753, in zoology 1758. On the other hand bacteriology started anew, making a clean sweep in 1980, although maintaining the original authors and dates of publication.
Workings
There are also differences in the way ''Codes'' work. For example, the ''ICBN'' (the plant ''Code'') forbids tautonyms, while the ''ICZN'', (the animal ''Code'') allows them.
Terminology
These ''Codes'' differ in terminology, and there is a long-term project to "harmonize" this. For instance, the ''ICBN'' uses "valid" in "valid publication of a name" (= the act of publishing a formal name), with "establishing a name" as the ''ICZN'' equivalent. The ''ICZN'' uses "valid" in "valid name" (="correct name"), with "correct name" as the ''ICBN'' equivalent. Harmonization is making very limited progress.
Other codes
A more radical approach is to replace all existing ''Codes'' by a ''BioCode'', basically a synthesis of the existing ''Codes''. [1][2] The BioCode draft has received little attention since 1997; its originally planned implementation date of January 1, 2000, has passed unnoticed.
Another code in development is the ''PhyloCode'', which regulates phylogenetic nomenclature rather than Linnaean nomenclature (that is, it requires phylogenetic definitions for every name, and does not contain mandatory ranks). Implementation is tentatively scheduled for sometime before 2010.
The formal names of cultivated plants are governed by the ''ICNCP''. This code operates within the limits set by the ''ICBN'', but uses different basic principles.
See also
★ rank (botany)
★ rank (zoology)
References
1. Draft BioCode
2.
External links
★ ''ICBN'' : ''St. Louis Code'' (2000)
★ ''ICZN'': the 'green book' (1999)
★ details on the ''ICNB'' of 1992
★ draft-BioCode
★ ''PhyloCode''
This article provided by Wikipedia. To edit the contents of this article, click here for original source.
psst.. try this: add to faves
