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EspañolNORTHEAST PROJECT OF THE CHINESE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCE
(Redirected from Northeast Project)
The 'Northeast Project' (), which is short for the 'Northeast Borderland History and the Chain of Events Research Project' (), was a 20-billion-yuan (2.4 billion US dollars) project launched by the Chinese government in 2002 and finished in 2006, conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Science. This project applies the ideology of Zhonghua Minzu to ancient ethnic groups, states and history of the region of Manchuria and northern Korea[1] Under the Zhonghua Minzu ideology, it is assumed that there was a greater Chinese state in the ancient past. Accordingly, any pre-modern people or states that occupied any part of what is now the People's Republic of China are defined as having been part of that greater Chinese state. Similar projects have been conducted on Tibet and Xinjiang, which have been named Southwest Project and Northwest Project, respectively.[2]
Due to its claims on Gojoseon, Goguryeo and Balhae, the project sparked disputes with Korea.[3] [4] In 2004, this dispute threatened to lead to diplomatic disputes between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Korea, although all governments involved seem to exhibit no desire to see the issue damage relations.[5] However, there has been a shift from anti-American and pro-China to a pro-American and anti-China in Korea as a strategic move.[6]
Starting from the 1980s when the PRC constitution was amended to redefine the People's Republic of China as a "unitary multinational state built up jointly by the people of all its nationalities", some Chinese historians began to re-identify Goguryeo, especially the first half of Goguryeo's history before it moved its capital to the Korean peninsula, as part of the regional history of China rather than of Korea. This historical revisionism was intensified in the 1990s when a head historian of a North Korean delegation accused Chinese historians of conceiving of ancient China in terms of the territorial bounds of the modern Chinese state, which, he claimed, is a view unsupported by historical evidence. More recently in 2002, this effort has been taken up by the PRC government in the form of the Northeast Project.
Main articles: Goguryeo controversies
Goguryeo has been conventionally viewed as one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Chinese characterization of Goguryeo as a regional power of China in modern times has spawned heated disputes with both North Korea and South Korea who claim Goguryeo was an independent Korean state. At heart of the Goguryeo controversy is whether Goguryeo was a part of the greater Chinese nation, or an independent Korean kingdom.
The PRC's revision of Goguryeo history, in an attempt to recharacterize it as a Chinese provincial state rather than an independent Korean kingdom, has received international criticism for making a flawed and politically motivated rewriting of history. Such criticisms came from numerous scholars from other countries such as the United States, Russia, Mongolia, and Australia,[7] including prominent Goguryeo experts such as Mark Byington, a postdoctorate at the Korea Institute, an independent Korean studies research institute at Harvard University,[8] and R. Sh. Djarylgashinova of Russian Academy of Science Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography.[9]
The Northeast Project is not universally accepted in the PRC. In 2006, a senior scholar from Peking University affirmed Goguryeo as a part of Korean history and denied Chinese connections.[10]
He has expressed disagreement with the CASS institute, the PRC government institution running the Northeast Project, and indirectly criticized the project on behalf of the Peking University Department of History.
Some historians and political analysts believe that the Northeast Project is a defensive move by China to strengthen its claim on current territory and prepare for possible land disputes with a unified Korea, and also promote national unity upon rising inter-ethnic tensions.[11] The Chinese government fears that if North and South Korea unite, the 2 million ethnic Koreans living in Manchuria will secede from China and reclaim some of what used to be Goguryeo's territory or "Greater Korea".[12] [13] On the other hand, there are also other historians and political analysts who believe the Northeast Project to be an attempt to establish historical justification for possible Chinese takeover of North Korea or political intervention on North Korea upon its collapse.[12][15][16]
The Northeast Project quickly caught the attention of the Korean press and caused a massive public outrage in Korea. In response, China blocked access to Chinese language websites protesting China's claims on Goguryeo. It is also suspected that the Chinese government was responsible for the shutdown of a popular Korean Chinese community website, where there was active criticism against the Chinese government's claims on Goguryeo.[17]
Coupled with various provocations, such as sending threats to Korean parliamentary members, the Goguryeo controversy generated an anti-Chinese sentiment that reversed the anti-US and pro-China atmosphere in Korea along with a possible shift in Korea's security strategy.[6] On a 2006 poll commissioned by the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses, South Koreans chose China as the greatest security threat in 10 years.[19]
★ History of Korea
★ History of China
1.
★ Byington, Mark. “The Creation of an Ancient Minority Nationality: Koguryo in Chinese Historiography.” In Embracing the Other: The Interaction of Korean and Foreign Cultures: Proceedings of the 1st World Congress of Korean Studies, III. Songnam, Republic of Korea: The Academy of Korean Studies, 2002.
2. 중국 동북공정에 앞서 `서남공정`은 어떻게
3. 중국 동북공정 연구과제 107개중 56개 ‘한국관련’
4. China Co-Opts More Old Korean Kingdoms
5. Skepticism Lingers over History Issue Hyun-jin Seo
6. The Koguryo Controversy, National Identity, and Sino-Korean relations Today, , Peter Hays, Gries, ,
7. Korea finds some allies in Goguryeo history spat Young-dae Bae
8. Koguryo part of China?
9. Korean-Russian academia jointly respond to Northeast Project
10. Chinese Scholar Slams Co-opting Korean History
11. War of Words Between South Korea and China Over An Ancient Kingdom: Why Both Sides Are Misguided
12. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/FI11Dg03.html
13. Rewriting History
14. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/FI11Dg03.html
15. China and Korea can't escape their pasts
16. Briefing: North Korea
17. Korean Chinese website criticizing historical distortions on Goguryeo gets shutdown
18. The Koguryo Controversy, National Identity, and Sino-Korean relations Today, , Peter Hays, Gries, ,
19. South Koreans believe China likely to be biggest security threat in 10 years
★ Byington, Mark. “The Creation of an Ancient Minority Nationality: Koguryo in Chinese Historiography.” In Embracing the Other: The Interaction of Korean and Foreign Cultures: Proceedings of the 1st World Congress of Korean Studies, III. Songnam, Republic of Korea: The Academy of Korean Studies, 2002.
★ The War of Words Between South Korea and China Over An Ancient Kingdom: Why Both Sides Are Misguided
★ China ups ante in ancient-kingdom feud with Korea
★ Tussle over a vanished kingdom
The 'Northeast Project' (), which is short for the 'Northeast Borderland History and the Chain of Events Research Project' (), was a 20-billion-yuan (2.4 billion US dollars) project launched by the Chinese government in 2002 and finished in 2006, conducted by the Chinese Academy of Social Science. This project applies the ideology of Zhonghua Minzu to ancient ethnic groups, states and history of the region of Manchuria and northern Korea[1] Under the Zhonghua Minzu ideology, it is assumed that there was a greater Chinese state in the ancient past. Accordingly, any pre-modern people or states that occupied any part of what is now the People's Republic of China are defined as having been part of that greater Chinese state. Similar projects have been conducted on Tibet and Xinjiang, which have been named Southwest Project and Northwest Project, respectively.[2]
Due to its claims on Gojoseon, Goguryeo and Balhae, the project sparked disputes with Korea.[3] [4] In 2004, this dispute threatened to lead to diplomatic disputes between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Korea, although all governments involved seem to exhibit no desire to see the issue damage relations.[5] However, there has been a shift from anti-American and pro-China to a pro-American and anti-China in Korea as a strategic move.[6]
| Contents |
| Background |
| Claims on Goguryeo |
| Criticisms |
| Political motives |
| Political effects |
| See also |
| Notes |
| References |
| External links |
Background
Starting from the 1980s when the PRC constitution was amended to redefine the People's Republic of China as a "unitary multinational state built up jointly by the people of all its nationalities", some Chinese historians began to re-identify Goguryeo, especially the first half of Goguryeo's history before it moved its capital to the Korean peninsula, as part of the regional history of China rather than of Korea. This historical revisionism was intensified in the 1990s when a head historian of a North Korean delegation accused Chinese historians of conceiving of ancient China in terms of the territorial bounds of the modern Chinese state, which, he claimed, is a view unsupported by historical evidence. More recently in 2002, this effort has been taken up by the PRC government in the form of the Northeast Project.
Claims on Goguryeo
Main articles: Goguryeo controversies
Goguryeo has been conventionally viewed as one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. Chinese characterization of Goguryeo as a regional power of China in modern times has spawned heated disputes with both North Korea and South Korea who claim Goguryeo was an independent Korean state. At heart of the Goguryeo controversy is whether Goguryeo was a part of the greater Chinese nation, or an independent Korean kingdom.
Criticisms
The PRC's revision of Goguryeo history, in an attempt to recharacterize it as a Chinese provincial state rather than an independent Korean kingdom, has received international criticism for making a flawed and politically motivated rewriting of history. Such criticisms came from numerous scholars from other countries such as the United States, Russia, Mongolia, and Australia,[7] including prominent Goguryeo experts such as Mark Byington, a postdoctorate at the Korea Institute, an independent Korean studies research institute at Harvard University,[8] and R. Sh. Djarylgashinova of Russian Academy of Science Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography.[9]
The Northeast Project is not universally accepted in the PRC. In 2006, a senior scholar from Peking University affirmed Goguryeo as a part of Korean history and denied Chinese connections.[10]
He has expressed disagreement with the CASS institute, the PRC government institution running the Northeast Project, and indirectly criticized the project on behalf of the Peking University Department of History.
Political motives
Some historians and political analysts believe that the Northeast Project is a defensive move by China to strengthen its claim on current territory and prepare for possible land disputes with a unified Korea, and also promote national unity upon rising inter-ethnic tensions.[11] The Chinese government fears that if North and South Korea unite, the 2 million ethnic Koreans living in Manchuria will secede from China and reclaim some of what used to be Goguryeo's territory or "Greater Korea".[12] [13] On the other hand, there are also other historians and political analysts who believe the Northeast Project to be an attempt to establish historical justification for possible Chinese takeover of North Korea or political intervention on North Korea upon its collapse.[12][15][16]
Political effects
The Northeast Project quickly caught the attention of the Korean press and caused a massive public outrage in Korea. In response, China blocked access to Chinese language websites protesting China's claims on Goguryeo. It is also suspected that the Chinese government was responsible for the shutdown of a popular Korean Chinese community website, where there was active criticism against the Chinese government's claims on Goguryeo.[17]
Coupled with various provocations, such as sending threats to Korean parliamentary members, the Goguryeo controversy generated an anti-Chinese sentiment that reversed the anti-US and pro-China atmosphere in Korea along with a possible shift in Korea's security strategy.[6] On a 2006 poll commissioned by the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses, South Koreans chose China as the greatest security threat in 10 years.[19]
See also
★ History of Korea
★ History of China
Notes
1.
★ Byington, Mark. “The Creation of an Ancient Minority Nationality: Koguryo in Chinese Historiography.” In Embracing the Other: The Interaction of Korean and Foreign Cultures: Proceedings of the 1st World Congress of Korean Studies, III. Songnam, Republic of Korea: The Academy of Korean Studies, 2002.
2. 중국 동북공정에 앞서 `서남공정`은 어떻게
3. 중국 동북공정 연구과제 107개중 56개 ‘한국관련’
4. China Co-Opts More Old Korean Kingdoms
5. Skepticism Lingers over History Issue Hyun-jin Seo
6. The Koguryo Controversy, National Identity, and Sino-Korean relations Today, , Peter Hays, Gries, ,
7. Korea finds some allies in Goguryeo history spat Young-dae Bae
8. Koguryo part of China?
9. Korean-Russian academia jointly respond to Northeast Project
10. Chinese Scholar Slams Co-opting Korean History
11. War of Words Between South Korea and China Over An Ancient Kingdom: Why Both Sides Are Misguided
12. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/FI11Dg03.html
13. Rewriting History
14. http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/FI11Dg03.html
15. China and Korea can't escape their pasts
16. Briefing: North Korea
17. Korean Chinese website criticizing historical distortions on Goguryeo gets shutdown
18. The Koguryo Controversy, National Identity, and Sino-Korean relations Today, , Peter Hays, Gries, ,
19. South Koreans believe China likely to be biggest security threat in 10 years
References
★ Byington, Mark. “The Creation of an Ancient Minority Nationality: Koguryo in Chinese Historiography.” In Embracing the Other: The Interaction of Korean and Foreign Cultures: Proceedings of the 1st World Congress of Korean Studies, III. Songnam, Republic of Korea: The Academy of Korean Studies, 2002.
External links
★ The War of Words Between South Korea and China Over An Ancient Kingdom: Why Both Sides Are Misguided
★ China ups ante in ancient-kingdom feud with Korea
★ Tussle over a vanished kingdom
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