OAKLAND ESTUARY

The 'Oakland Estuary' is the body of water separating the cities of Oakland and Alameda, California, in the San Francisco Bay Area. On its western end it connects to San Francisco Bay, while its eastern end connects to San Leandro Bay.

Contents

Crossings

Early history

Notes

See also

Crossings

The Estuary is spanned by two underwater tubes and three bridges. They are, from west to east:

★ Webster Street Tube

★ Posey Tube

★ Park Street Bridge

★ Fruitvale Bridge

★ High Street Bridge

Early history

Although the estuary was used by Native American tribes inhabiting the local area since about 4000 BC, the earliest recorded history of the Oakland Estuary dates primarily from events extending back to the 1800s, as detailed in a research study conducted by Earth Metrics for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.(Earth Metrics, 1990)(Shreffler, 1994) The Oakland Estuary and tributary stream channels were used for shipping transport regularly by the 1850s; early maritime commerce featured movement of lumber and cattle hides. At this time land west of Lake Merritt Slough consisted of undeveloped marshlands. In 1853 the first dredging project of this estuary was initiated to enable ferry service to San Francisco. By the late 1800s further landside development occurred featuring wharf expansions, railroad service and shipbuilding. By the early 1900s the industrial pace accelerated and brought numerous industries to the Oakland Estuary, including a number of uses which contributed to sediment contamination of the estuary, such as paint manufacturing, pesticide storage, coal distillation, foundry uses and petroleum refineries.

Notes

★ ''Historical research of land use and industry in the federal ship channel study area, Oakland, California'', Earth Metrics Inc., prepared for and published by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District, San Francisco, California (1990)

★ Shreffler, D.K., R.M. Tilson, B.I. Wells and J.Q. Word, ''Tier one ecological evaluation of proposed discharge of dredged materials from the Oakland Harbor to ocean waters '', Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory, prepared for and published by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, San Francisco District, San Francisco, California (1994)

See also

★ Port of Oakland

★ Naval Air Station Alameda

★ Jack London Square

★ USS Potomac (AG-25)

★ Lake Merritt

★ Coast Guard Island