ODERZO

'Oderzo' (Latin: ''Opitergium '') is a town in the province of Treviso, Veneto, Italy.
It lies in the heart of the Venetian plain, about 66 km to the northeast of Venice. Oderzo is traversed by the Monticano River, a tributary of the Livenza.
The ''centro storico'', or town center, is rich with archeological ruins which give insight into Oderzo's history as a notable crossroad in the Roman Empire.

Contents

Political Division

History

Venetic period

Romanization

Middle Ages

Modern era

Main sights

Sister cities

References

External links

Political Division

The six suburbs or ''frazioni'' which surround Oderzo almost form of hexagon. Starting from the north and then proceeding clockwise, they are:

★ Camino (c. 2,300 inhabitant) ★ Fratta (c, 1,000 inhabitants) ★ Piavon (c. 1,800 inhabitants)

★ Rustignè (c. 500 inhabitants) ★ Faè (850 inabitants) ★ Colfrancui (1,400 inhabitants)

History

Venetic period

The earliest settlement of the area was can be dated to the Iron Age, around the 10th century BC.
From the mid-9th century BC the Veneti occupied site and gave it its name. Etymologically, "-terg-" in ''Opitergium'' stems from a Venetic root word indicating a market (q.v. ''Tergeste'', the old name of Trieste). The location of Oderzo on the Venetian plain made it ideal as a center for trade.

Romanization

The Veneti of Oderzo appear to have maintained friendly relations with the Romans and the population was gradually Romanized. The Via Postumia road, finished in 148 BC, increased the importance of Oderzo.
During the Roman Civil War, Caius Volteius Capito, a centurion born in Oderzo, fought on the side of Julius Caesar against Pompey.
In 48 BC the city was elevated to the rank of Roman municipium and its citizens assigned to the Roman tribe Papiria. With the reforms of Augustus Oderzo was incorporated into ''Regio X'' of ''Italia'', ''Venetia et Histria''. The Roman era witnessed prodigious building projects including a forum, a basilica, temples and many private homes.

Middle Ages

During barbarian invasions, Oderzo was sacked by the Marcomanni (167) while, according to a legend, Attila hid a treasure in a town's pit. taken by the Byzantine Empire. It became the seat of an exarch and was held by the Byzantines until its destruction by the Lombard king Grimoald in 667. Much of its population fled to the nearby city of Heraclea, still under Byzantine control. Most of its territory passed to the Count of Ceneda.
According to tradition, the first Doge of Venice, Paolo Lucio Anafesto, came from Oderzo. The town, which had grown again around a castel from c. 1000, was contended between the bishops of Belluno and Ceneda, the commune of Treviso and the feudal da Camino (originary of the Camino castle, now part of Oderzo) and da Romano families until, in 1380, it became a stable possession of the Republic of Venice.

Modern era

Oderzo was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1866. In 1917, during World War I, the town was damaged in the aftermath of the Italian rout at Caporetto.
In 1943 it was a centre of the civil war between the German puppet Republic of Salò (RSI) and the partisan resistance. In 1945 120 people suspect of allegiance to the RSI were executed (see Oderzo Massacre).
The city was governed by the Italian Christian Democratic party from 1945-1993, and lived a notable economic boom, which also attracted a massive immigration from the southern Italy regions.

Main sights

★ The scenographic ''Piazza Grande''

★ The ''Duomo'' (Cathedral) of St. John the Baptist, begun in the 11th century over the ruins of the Roman temple of Mars, and re-consecrated in 1535. The original Gothic-Romanesque appearance has been modified by the subsequent renovations. It includes some notable works by Pomponio Amalteo.

★ Archaeological area of the Roman Forum. It includes the remains of the basilica and a wide staircase.

★ ''Torresin'' (watchtower)

★ The Renaissance ''Palazzo Porcia e Brugnera''.

★ The former Prisons (''Porta Pretoria''). It includes remains of the Middle Ages prison, whose most famous guest was the trobadour Sordello da Goito.
In the ''frazione'' of Colfrancui is the mysterious ''Mutera'', an artificial hill of the Adriatic Veneti, probably used as observatory.

Sister cities

Oderzo has a sister city:

★ Suffolk, United States

References

★ Guida di Oderzo, , G.B., Brisotto, , 1999,

External links

★ Comune di Oderzo