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:''This article is about the city in Algeria. For other uses see Oran (disambiguation).''
'Oran' (Arabic:, pronounced ''Wahran'') is a city in northwestern Algeria, situated on the Mediterranean coast. During French rule in Algeria Oran was a prefecture in the Oran département. It now is the capital of the much smaller Oran Province (''wilaya''). The city has a population of ca. 1 million and the urban area has a population of ca. 2 million. [1] Oran is a major port and a commercial and industrial center in Western Algeria.
Oran was founded in 903 by Moorish Andalusian traders,[2] but was captured by the Spanish under Cardinal Cisneros in 1509. Spanish sovereignty lasted until 1708, when the city was conquered by the Ottomans. Spain returned in 1732 taking the city over again. However, its value as trade post had decreased greatly, so King Charles IV sold the city to the Turkish. Ottoman rule lasted until 1831, when it fell to the French.
During the French rule over Algeria, Oran was the capital of a ''département'' of the same name (number 92).
During World War II, Oran was held by Vichy France until it was captured by the Allies in late 1942, during Operation Torch.
In July 1940, the British Royal Navy shelled French warships in the port after they refused to respond to a British ultimatum designed to ensure they would not fall into German hands. The action sealed the hatred of Vichy France for Britain but convinced the world, especially the United States, of the British will to fight on alone against Nazi Germany and its allies.
Before the Algerian War of Independence, Oran had one of the highest proportions of Europeans of any city in North Africa. However, by the end of the war, most of the Europeans and Jews living in Oran had fled to France. The July 5, 1962 massacre of European civilians, four days after the Independence vote, triggered the exodus to France. In less than three months Oran lost about half its population.
In the 1960's, the city became an important business and education centre.
★ 910-1082: Oran becomes a perpetual object of conflict between Omeyyades d'Espagne and Fatimides of Kairouan.
★ 1082-1145: Presence of Almoravides of Morocco. In 1145, Ibrahim Ben Tachfin perishes in Oran while fighting against the already victorious Almohades troops in front of Tlemcen.
★ 1145-1238: Presence of Almohades of Marrakech. 1147 mark the beginning of persecutions against the Jews d'Oran.
★ 1238-1509: Presence of Zianides of Tlemcen then Mérinides of Fes. Protection to l'émir, the customs system (tariffs), trade with Marseilles, and the Italian Maritime Republics of Genoa and of Venice, with which Oran signs in 1250 a commercial treaty, for one forty years duration, make Oranians of rich people, so much so that towards the end of the celebrates it Arab historian Ibn Khaldoun could s'exprimer as follows: "Oran is higher than all the other cities by its trade. C'est the paradise of the unhappy one. That which arrives poor in its walls sets out again about it rich ". The city excels in l exportation of lead, wool, the skins, the fine burnous, the carpets, the haïks, cumin, nuts gall, without forgetting the draft of the black slaves.
In July 1501, well before the Spaniards, the Portuguese expeditions attempt to capture goods. It will however be necessary to await the unloading of Seas-el-Kébir, in 1505, to see the Spanish engage in the first organized incursions against Oran. The city counted six thousand ''fueros'' then, approximately twenty-five thousand inhabitants. In May 17 1509, seizure of the city by Pedro Navarro was ordered by Francisco cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros.
In 1554 the governor was the count d'Alcaudete. He made alliance with the Moroccan sultan Mohammed ech-Sheik against the Turks who were installed in Algiers. Pedro Garcerán de Borja, which was the Grand Master of the Order of Montesa, was named captain of Oran for one year when on July 14, 1568, by John of Austria, the illegitimate son of Charles I of Spain, thus paternal half-brother of the king Phillip II of Spain, arrives in the wearing of Seas-el-Kébir.
Spanish rebuilt the fortress for their city governors. "The fortifications of the place were composed a thick and continuous walls of over two and a half kilometers in circumference, surmounted strong towers spaced between them, and with a central castle or ''kasbah''. The Spanish governor establish his headquarters in this central keep. In 1563, at the top of the peak of l'Aïdour, the fort of Santa-Cruz was built by Álvarez de Bazán y Silva, marquis de Santa-Cruz.
In spite of these fortifications, the city was the object of repeated attacks. In 1707, the Moroccan Sherif Moulay Ismaïl tried to force his way past the defenses, only to see his army decimated. The city under Spanish rule continued to grow, and required the expansion of the city walls.
The Spaniards occupied the city until 1708; they were driven out by it by Bey Turkish Mustapha Ben Youssef, said Bouchelaghem. They returned in 1732 with the armada of duke of Montemar and the victory d'Aïn El Turk. In 1790 in the night of the 8 a violent earthquake claimed more than three thousand victims in less than seven minutes. Following this terrible event, King Charles IV saw no advantage in the continuing occupation of the city, which had become increasingly expensive and perilous. The followingyears he initiated discussions with the Bey d'Alger. A treaty handing over the city was signed on September 12, 1792. After another eath quake damaged the Spanish defenses, Bey Ben Othman's forces took possession d'Oran on October 8 of the same year. In 1796, the Mosque, known as of the Pasha (as a l honnor d'Hassan Pasha, Dey d'Alger), was built by the Turks with ransom money coming from the repurchase of the Spanish prisoners, after the final departure of the latter. In 1830, the Beys made Oran their capital to the detriment of Mascara.
The town of 10000 inhabitants was still possession of Ottoman Empire, when a squadron under the command of captain Bourmand seized el-Kébir on December 14 1830. The city was a wretched state. On January 4 1831, the French ordered by the General count s'installent Denys de Damrémont. In September 1830 the King appointed a police chief with the function of mayor in Algiers.
In September 1831, the Berthezène General names in Oran, with same attributions, Mr. Pujol, captain of cavalry in retirement, wounded with the right hand under l'Empire.
In 1832, with the head of five thousand men, a young person Emir answering the name d'Abd El-Kader walk on Oran. In April 1833, with the continuation d'un disagreement with the duke of Rovigo, commander-in-chief, the General Boyer, who comes d'enlever Arzew, leaves Oran and is replaced by the baron Louis Alexis Desmichels. The city, attacked by Abd el Kader, holds good.
★ 1836: General Létang transforms the glacis Castle-Nine into a walk which bears its name. At the beginning of 1837 General Bugeaud arrives in Oran to negotiate a new treaty (it convention of Tafna, May 20) with l'émir Abd El-Kader. On November 14 the Emir signs a treaty with Desmichel recognizing its authority to the west of Algiers for except Oran, Mostaganem and Arzew.
★ 1845: Construction of the "Village Nègre" by the Lamoricière General.
★ 1847: Following a dramatic dryness several months, a terrible epidemic of cholera strikes and decimates a big part of the population of Oran.
★ Since 1848, Oran becomes prefecture of département homonymous. Creation of the small Basin of the Old Port (four hectares). A civil hospital is built.
★ 1849: Construction of the vault of the Virgin to get rid of the cholera. The members of the first general council d'Oran, named by l emperor Napoleon III, meet on December 5, 1858 with the prefecture, with in the chair Jules of Pre of Saint-Maur.
★ 1866: July 25. Creation of diocese d'Oran.
★ 1880: Beginning of the construction of Large synagogue d'Oran. Oran knows a great extension starting from the place d'Armes. The ravine of l'Oued Rouina is filled.
★ 1881: Appearance of the first trams pulled by two horses.
★ 1886: Inauguration of Hotel de Ville, the City Hall.
★ 1899: First electric trams.
★ 1900: the city has 90000 inhabitants.
★ 1907: Construction of the theatre.
★ 1909: December 14: on a ground of Sénia, Julien Serviès the first resounding flight in Oranie carries out, with a Sommer monoplane. Next 9 January, a great meeting gathers forty thousand people, always in Sénia, in the presence of Lyautey Marshal.
★ 1913: Opening to the worship of the Cathedral of Crowned-C?ur.
★ 1930: Creation of new districts, less dense and more luxurious, completing l urbanisation of the first crown, in its part directed towards l interior of the country; these districts are higher Gambetta, Bon Reception, the Beavers, Médioni, Small Boulanger, Cité... This development continues overall with the creation of districts even more sumptuous, overflowing the first crown (district of Saint-Hubert, Palm trees, Point of the Day, Gambetta...)
★ 1930-32: Oran it Sénia is l'aérodrome used on which several world records of duration and distance in closed loop are established.
★ 1940: Beginning of the construction of the new prefecture.
★ 1940: July 3: the French fleet of l Atlantic based with Seas el Kébir, is bombarded by the British fleet, coming from Gibraltar, involving the loss of three battleships: Dunkirk, Provence and Brittany. Thousand two hundred sailors perish.
★ 1942: November 8: as prelude to the invasion of Italy the British and the Americans land at Arzew and Oran capitulates November 10.
★ 1950: Oran has 256661 inhabitants. 65 % of the total of Europeans is of Spanish origin more than the total number of Muslims in the city.
★ 1957: Construction of the municipal stage baptized "Fouques-Duparc", d'une capacity forty-five thousand places.
★ 1958: June 6: visit General de Gaulle.
★ 1960: First barricades.
★ 1961: August: appearance of l'O.A.S.. The census gives the population ofOran 400 000 inhabitants: 220000 Europeans and 180000 Moslems.
★ 1962: Recrudescence of the attacks. L'un of the chiefs of l'O.A.S., Edmond Jouhaud, is stopped on March 25. June: set fire to port. Ten million tons of fuel on fire darken the sky of the city. Massacre of July 5. End of the French presence.
★ 1962: July 5 (Festival of l'indépendance), the forgotten tragedy of removal and the assassination by the FLN under insupportable conditions several thousands of Pied Noires (Europeans born in North Africa).
The name "Oran" is a French transliteration of "Wahran" which is locally believed to originate from the ancient Moorish word "wahr", meaning lion, and the suffix "-an" meaning two lions. A locally popular legend tells that in the period around 900 BC there were sightings of lions in the area. The two last felines were killed in a mountain near the city of Oran which is called now ''La montagne des Lions'' (Mountain of Lions). In fact, there are two giant lion statues in front of Oran's city hall. The twin lions are Oran's symbol.
Today, Oran is a major port and a commercial centre, and has 3 universities. The old quarter of Oran has a casbah and an 18th-century mosque.
At the following day of l'indépendance, the plans d'équipement of the communes, the triennial plan and the first four-year one had very little d'influence on l'extension and l urbanisation of the city, emptied majority of its inhabitants; one completed there the programs of the plan of Constantine and one reconverts some military spaces out of university equipment. As regards transport, Oran should lay out in five years d'un tram making it possible to appreciably reduce the motor vehicle traffic in the city.
C'est with the second four-year plan, the PMU in 1975 and the PUD in 1976, that l urbanisation was going to take a new rise, in the same forms and axes that those traced during l'époque colonial: one attends the continuation of the same d urbanisation type; in spite of l'énorme effort of construction, the results and the tendencies are the same ones as those inherited the colonial period. From 1978 to 1991, the urban development is marked by:
★ L'urbanisation of the second crown, completed in 1986, by the construction of the ZHUN and of some allotments.
★ L'extension towards l'est.
★ The marginalisation of the western zone (Growers, Close-cropped El Ain and Sidi El Houari).
★ The deterioration of urban fabric.
★ L'absence of city planning and continuation of l'exclusion of the populations towards the peripheral agglomerations.
★ Conurbation d'Oran with some agglomerations of recent colonial creation (Alberville, Fernanville, Bir El Djir).
★ 1994: September 29: assassination of the Algerian singer of raï Cheb Hasni.
★ 2003: March 2-3: visit of Mr. Jacques Chirac.
The folk music Raï had its beginnings in Oran. Many famous Raï musicians (including Cheb Hasni, Cheb Khaled and Rachid Taha) hail from Oran. The violinist ''Akim el Sikameya'' was also born in Oran.
''El Gallardo Español'' 1615 by Miguel de Cervantes and Albert Camus's 1947 novel ''The Plague'' take place in Oran.
El Hamri is a large popular district in the center d'Oran (Algeria) known under French l appellation of Lamur. One finds there the club of football Mouloudia d'Oran.
'Rues of the quartier'
★ Avenue of Lamur
★ Street Captain-Rahou
★ Sebbalet Ayada
★ Place The Sahara
★ Gahwat Ettoubi
★ Street Staoueli
★ Street Djemaa Gazouna
The historical district is a suburb in the north of the d'Oran city. One finds l ancian Saint-Louis college there, as well as the old mosque of the Pasha dating from the XVIIe century. In this district the skin of Saint-Patron of the city in the name of "Sidi El Houari" rests;. D'autres tourist curiosities: l ancian prefecture of the data base Stalingrad, the Spanish vestiges dating from XVIe century, and especially the Palate of the Bey d'Oran.
The Oranian metropolis comprises several communes.
This commune is located at the North-West of Oran to a few 7 km of the centre town. It is also a maritime base and a naval station, sits of the Algerian national navy. Very pretty commune.
The Aïn-el-Turck commune is also located at the North-West of Oran to 15 km of the center. A seaside resort which includes/understands several hotel and complex buildings tourist. The landscape of this commune does not cease improving thanks to the many projects undertaken: motorway network, seaside resorts, hospital, etc To 8 km of the commune: the seaside resort the Andalusian ones.
This commune is in the South of Oran with 07km center. It shelters industrial parks, several university institutes (Oran-Es-Sénia University, Institut of Communication, ENSET "Higher Teacher training school", CRASC "Research center in social sciences", etc.) and the international airport.
This commune depends on Bir-El-Djir and composes the suburbs Is of Oran (apart from the districts). It is the future c?ur beating Oranian agglomeration. It includes several buildings which are the seats of companies with a modernistic architecture (Sonatrach, in construction), the new CHU "November 1, 1954", the Palate of the Congresses, l University of sciences and technology (conceived by the Japanese architect Kenzo Tange (1913-2005)), l'Institut of medical sciences, and the Court of Justice.
This commune is the urban extension to the East of the town of Oran, to 8 km of the center, with a population of 118.000 habitants.et the projects: Olympic stage of 50.000 places.
C'est a small peaceful city with Western l'extrême of the metropolis, having its fans Misserghin and its Tour operators Misserghin-Tours in order to promote tourism in the radiant and green area of this locality.
To remain there, you will find in Oran several hotels of the Chains Eden, accessible to the average purses of which: Eden De luxe hotel, Eden Phoenix, Airport Eden, Eden Village.
You will find also all comfort and calms has l'Hôtel the Beavers in the district residentiel of the same name. Hotels of high range: International Hotel Sheraton and Royal-Sofitel Hotel on the Boulevard of Soummam (data base Gallieni).
As well as many restaurants being useful of the Algerian specialities. The tourists will be able to attend the cinemas, the arts centres, the regional theatre, the open-air theatre, the nights clubs, the museum, l ancian d'Oran city, the district of Sidi El Houari, the municipal garden, Médina Djedida with its artisanal products, the cathedral, Djebel Murdjadjo, and the close seaside resorts. International airport Es-Senia is to 12 km of the centre town. One can also go to Oran by of Ferries since the ports of Marseilles, Sète, Alicante and Almería, via the national company Algérie Ferries.
The city has limited means of transport, which do not cover sufficiently the on-urban zones. L'entreprise 'ETO' (Company of Oranian Transport) acquired new buses bright burning coal to cover the request to a total value of 70%. But that remains insufficient within sight of the d'usagers number, in particular the students who attend the two large universities. A thing is however certain: the face of the city radically will be transformed thanks to the nearest setting in?uvre of the Tram d'Oran, whose project of feasibility was finalized and validated by the local authorities in December 2005. Work will start in January 2007 and will last approximately two years and half, to deliver the first line of the tram in 2009. It should comprise 31 stations, distributed on 17,7 kilometers going d'Es-Sénia, in the South, jusqu'à Sidi Maarouf, with l'Est, while passing by the centre town (Place of the 1 November). The tram should serve the locality d'Haï Sabbah, l University of Sciences and Technology (USTO), the Crossroads of the Three Private clinics, the Law courts, Dar El Baïda, the Plate-Saint Michel, the Place of the 1 November, Saint-Anthony, Boulanger, Saint-Hubert, the 3 Ring road and finally l University Es-Sénia.
The Oran Es Senia Airport, for domestic and internationals flights.
The first [ http://www.marathon-oran.org/ International Marathon d'Oran ] was carried out in 2005. Its objective is to show the benefits of the race to foot, and to distract the public by this kind from competitions, at the same time sporting and festive.
★ Alicante, Spain
★ Bordeaux, France
★ Dakar, Senegal
★ Cape Town, South Africa
★ Warsaw, Poland
★ Tunis, Tunisia
★ Amman, Jordania
★ VisitOran Official website - mostly dedicated to tourism. Features news, city guides, tourism information, countless photos, a community forum and much more.
★ Le Souk d'Oran Oran student’s community
★ Sheraton Oran Hotel Information and pictures for the Sheraton Hotel & Towers Oran.
★ Royal Hotel Oran Information and pictures for the new Royal Hotel Sofitel Oran.
★ Oran's Community FORUM The Community Discussion Forum for Oran and tourism.
★ Audio interview with Oran resident about life in Oran.
★ Oran MAPS Detailed maps of the Oran Region and City.
★ Oran Website (fr)
View of Oran
Coat of arms of Oran
'Oran' (Arabic:, pronounced ''Wahran'') is a city in northwestern Algeria, situated on the Mediterranean coast. During French rule in Algeria Oran was a prefecture in the Oran département. It now is the capital of the much smaller Oran Province (''wilaya''). The city has a population of ca. 1 million and the urban area has a population of ca. 2 million. [1] Oran is a major port and a commercial and industrial center in Western Algeria.
History
Oran was founded in 903 by Moorish Andalusian traders,[2] but was captured by the Spanish under Cardinal Cisneros in 1509. Spanish sovereignty lasted until 1708, when the city was conquered by the Ottomans. Spain returned in 1732 taking the city over again. However, its value as trade post had decreased greatly, so King Charles IV sold the city to the Turkish. Ottoman rule lasted until 1831, when it fell to the French.
During the French rule over Algeria, Oran was the capital of a ''département'' of the same name (number 92).
During World War II, Oran was held by Vichy France until it was captured by the Allies in late 1942, during Operation Torch.
In July 1940, the British Royal Navy shelled French warships in the port after they refused to respond to a British ultimatum designed to ensure they would not fall into German hands. The action sealed the hatred of Vichy France for Britain but convinced the world, especially the United States, of the British will to fight on alone against Nazi Germany and its allies.
Before the Algerian War of Independence, Oran had one of the highest proportions of Europeans of any city in North Africa. However, by the end of the war, most of the Europeans and Jews living in Oran had fled to France. The July 5, 1962 massacre of European civilians, four days after the Independence vote, triggered the exodus to France. In less than three months Oran lost about half its population.
In the 1960's, the city became an important business and education centre.
Berber-Arab-Islamic Period
★ 910-1082: Oran becomes a perpetual object of conflict between Omeyyades d'Espagne and Fatimides of Kairouan.
★ 1082-1145: Presence of Almoravides of Morocco. In 1145, Ibrahim Ben Tachfin perishes in Oran while fighting against the already victorious Almohades troops in front of Tlemcen.
★ 1145-1238: Presence of Almohades of Marrakech. 1147 mark the beginning of persecutions against the Jews d'Oran.
★ 1238-1509: Presence of Zianides of Tlemcen then Mérinides of Fes. Protection to l'émir, the customs system (tariffs), trade with Marseilles, and the Italian Maritime Republics of Genoa and of Venice, with which Oran signs in 1250 a commercial treaty, for one forty years duration, make Oranians of rich people, so much so that towards the end of the celebrates it Arab historian Ibn Khaldoun could s'exprimer as follows: "Oran is higher than all the other cities by its trade. C'est the paradise of the unhappy one. That which arrives poor in its walls sets out again about it rich ". The city excels in l exportation of lead, wool, the skins, the fine burnous, the carpets, the haïks, cumin, nuts gall, without forgetting the draft of the black slaves.
Spanish Period
In July 1501, well before the Spaniards, the Portuguese expeditions attempt to capture goods. It will however be necessary to await the unloading of Seas-el-Kébir, in 1505, to see the Spanish engage in the first organized incursions against Oran. The city counted six thousand ''fueros'' then, approximately twenty-five thousand inhabitants. In May 17 1509, seizure of the city by Pedro Navarro was ordered by Francisco cardinal Jiménez de Cisneros.
In 1554 the governor was the count d'Alcaudete. He made alliance with the Moroccan sultan Mohammed ech-Sheik against the Turks who were installed in Algiers. Pedro Garcerán de Borja, which was the Grand Master of the Order of Montesa, was named captain of Oran for one year when on July 14, 1568, by John of Austria, the illegitimate son of Charles I of Spain, thus paternal half-brother of the king Phillip II of Spain, arrives in the wearing of Seas-el-Kébir.
Spanish rebuilt the fortress for their city governors. "The fortifications of the place were composed a thick and continuous walls of over two and a half kilometers in circumference, surmounted strong towers spaced between them, and with a central castle or ''kasbah''. The Spanish governor establish his headquarters in this central keep. In 1563, at the top of the peak of l'Aïdour, the fort of Santa-Cruz was built by Álvarez de Bazán y Silva, marquis de Santa-Cruz.
In spite of these fortifications, the city was the object of repeated attacks. In 1707, the Moroccan Sherif Moulay Ismaïl tried to force his way past the defenses, only to see his army decimated. The city under Spanish rule continued to grow, and required the expansion of the city walls.
Ottoman Period
The Spaniards occupied the city until 1708; they were driven out by it by Bey Turkish Mustapha Ben Youssef, said Bouchelaghem. They returned in 1732 with the armada of duke of Montemar and the victory d'Aïn El Turk. In 1790 in the night of the 8 a violent earthquake claimed more than three thousand victims in less than seven minutes. Following this terrible event, King Charles IV saw no advantage in the continuing occupation of the city, which had become increasingly expensive and perilous. The followingyears he initiated discussions with the Bey d'Alger. A treaty handing over the city was signed on September 12, 1792. After another eath quake damaged the Spanish defenses, Bey Ben Othman's forces took possession d'Oran on October 8 of the same year. In 1796, the Mosque, known as of the Pasha (as a l honnor d'Hassan Pasha, Dey d'Alger), was built by the Turks with ransom money coming from the repurchase of the Spanish prisoners, after the final departure of the latter. In 1830, the Beys made Oran their capital to the detriment of Mascara.
French Period
The town of 10000 inhabitants was still possession of Ottoman Empire, when a squadron under the command of captain Bourmand seized el-Kébir on December 14 1830. The city was a wretched state. On January 4 1831, the French ordered by the General count s'installent Denys de Damrémont. In September 1830 the King appointed a police chief with the function of mayor in Algiers.
In September 1831, the Berthezène General names in Oran, with same attributions, Mr. Pujol, captain of cavalry in retirement, wounded with the right hand under l'Empire.
In 1832, with the head of five thousand men, a young person Emir answering the name d'Abd El-Kader walk on Oran. In April 1833, with the continuation d'un disagreement with the duke of Rovigo, commander-in-chief, the General Boyer, who comes d'enlever Arzew, leaves Oran and is replaced by the baron Louis Alexis Desmichels. The city, attacked by Abd el Kader, holds good.
★ 1836: General Létang transforms the glacis Castle-Nine into a walk which bears its name. At the beginning of 1837 General Bugeaud arrives in Oran to negotiate a new treaty (it convention of Tafna, May 20) with l'émir Abd El-Kader. On November 14 the Emir signs a treaty with Desmichel recognizing its authority to the west of Algiers for except Oran, Mostaganem and Arzew.
★ 1845: Construction of the "Village Nègre" by the Lamoricière General.
★ 1847: Following a dramatic dryness several months, a terrible epidemic of cholera strikes and decimates a big part of the population of Oran.
★ Since 1848, Oran becomes prefecture of département homonymous. Creation of the small Basin of the Old Port (four hectares). A civil hospital is built.
★ 1849: Construction of the vault of the Virgin to get rid of the cholera. The members of the first general council d'Oran, named by l emperor Napoleon III, meet on December 5, 1858 with the prefecture, with in the chair Jules of Pre of Saint-Maur.
★ 1866: July 25. Creation of diocese d'Oran.
★ 1880: Beginning of the construction of Large synagogue d'Oran. Oran knows a great extension starting from the place d'Armes. The ravine of l'Oued Rouina is filled.
★ 1881: Appearance of the first trams pulled by two horses.
★ 1886: Inauguration of Hotel de Ville, the City Hall.
★ 1899: First electric trams.
★ 1900: the city has 90000 inhabitants.
★ 1907: Construction of the theatre.
★ 1909: December 14: on a ground of Sénia, Julien Serviès the first resounding flight in Oranie carries out, with a Sommer monoplane. Next 9 January, a great meeting gathers forty thousand people, always in Sénia, in the presence of Lyautey Marshal.
★ 1913: Opening to the worship of the Cathedral of Crowned-C?ur.
★ 1930: Creation of new districts, less dense and more luxurious, completing l urbanisation of the first crown, in its part directed towards l interior of the country; these districts are higher Gambetta, Bon Reception, the Beavers, Médioni, Small Boulanger, Cité... This development continues overall with the creation of districts even more sumptuous, overflowing the first crown (district of Saint-Hubert, Palm trees, Point of the Day, Gambetta...)
★ 1930-32: Oran it Sénia is l'aérodrome used on which several world records of duration and distance in closed loop are established.
★ 1940: Beginning of the construction of the new prefecture.
★ 1940: July 3: the French fleet of l Atlantic based with Seas el Kébir, is bombarded by the British fleet, coming from Gibraltar, involving the loss of three battleships: Dunkirk, Provence and Brittany. Thousand two hundred sailors perish.
★ 1942: November 8: as prelude to the invasion of Italy the British and the Americans land at Arzew and Oran capitulates November 10.
★ 1950: Oran has 256661 inhabitants. 65 % of the total of Europeans is of Spanish origin more than the total number of Muslims in the city.
★ 1957: Construction of the municipal stage baptized "Fouques-Duparc", d'une capacity forty-five thousand places.
★ 1958: June 6: visit General de Gaulle.
★ 1960: First barricades.
★ 1961: August: appearance of l'O.A.S.. The census gives the population ofOran 400 000 inhabitants: 220000 Europeans and 180000 Moslems.
★ 1962: Recrudescence of the attacks. L'un of the chiefs of l'O.A.S., Edmond Jouhaud, is stopped on March 25. June: set fire to port. Ten million tons of fuel on fire darken the sky of the city. Massacre of July 5. End of the French presence.
★ 1962: July 5 (Festival of l'indépendance), the forgotten tragedy of removal and the assassination by the FLN under insupportable conditions several thousands of Pied Noires (Europeans born in North Africa).
Origin of the name
The name "Oran" is a French transliteration of "Wahran" which is locally believed to originate from the ancient Moorish word "wahr", meaning lion, and the suffix "-an" meaning two lions. A locally popular legend tells that in the period around 900 BC there were sightings of lions in the area. The two last felines were killed in a mountain near the city of Oran which is called now ''La montagne des Lions'' (Mountain of Lions). In fact, there are two giant lion statues in front of Oran's city hall. The twin lions are Oran's symbol.
Oran today
Today, Oran is a major port and a commercial centre, and has 3 universities. The old quarter of Oran has a casbah and an 18th-century mosque.
At the following day of l'indépendance, the plans d'équipement of the communes, the triennial plan and the first four-year one had very little d'influence on l'extension and l urbanisation of the city, emptied majority of its inhabitants; one completed there the programs of the plan of Constantine and one reconverts some military spaces out of university equipment. As regards transport, Oran should lay out in five years d'un tram making it possible to appreciably reduce the motor vehicle traffic in the city.
C'est with the second four-year plan, the PMU in 1975 and the PUD in 1976, that l urbanisation was going to take a new rise, in the same forms and axes that those traced during l'époque colonial: one attends the continuation of the same d urbanisation type; in spite of l'énorme effort of construction, the results and the tendencies are the same ones as those inherited the colonial period. From 1978 to 1991, the urban development is marked by:
★ L'urbanisation of the second crown, completed in 1986, by the construction of the ZHUN and of some allotments.
★ L'extension towards l'est.
★ The marginalisation of the western zone (Growers, Close-cropped El Ain and Sidi El Houari).
★ The deterioration of urban fabric.
★ L'absence of city planning and continuation of l'exclusion of the populations towards the peripheral agglomerations.
★ Conurbation d'Oran with some agglomerations of recent colonial creation (Alberville, Fernanville, Bir El Djir).
★ 1994: September 29: assassination of the Algerian singer of raï Cheb Hasni.
★ 2003: March 2-3: visit of Mr. Jacques Chirac.
Culture
The folk music Raï had its beginnings in Oran. Many famous Raï musicians (including Cheb Hasni, Cheb Khaled and Rachid Taha) hail from Oran. The violinist ''Akim el Sikameya'' was also born in Oran.
Fiction
''El Gallardo Español'' 1615 by Miguel de Cervantes and Albert Camus's 1947 novel ''The Plague'' take place in Oran.
El Hamri
El Hamri is a large popular district in the center d'Oran (Algeria) known under French l appellation of Lamur. One finds there the club of football Mouloudia d'Oran.
'Rues of the quartier'
★ Avenue of Lamur
★ Street Captain-Rahou
★ Sebbalet Ayada
★ Place The Sahara
★ Gahwat Ettoubi
★ Street Staoueli
★ Street Djemaa Gazouna
Sidi El Houari
The historical district is a suburb in the north of the d'Oran city. One finds l ancian Saint-Louis college there, as well as the old mosque of the Pasha dating from the XVIIe century. In this district the skin of Saint-Patron of the city in the name of "Sidi El Houari" rests;. D'autres tourist curiosities: l ancian prefecture of the data base Stalingrad, the Spanish vestiges dating from XVIe century, and especially the Palate of the Bey d'Oran.
Oranian agglomeration
The Oranian metropolis comprises several communes.
Mers-El-Kébir
This commune is located at the North-West of Oran to a few 7 km of the centre town. It is also a maritime base and a naval station, sits of the Algerian national navy. Very pretty commune.
Aïn-El-Turck
The Aïn-el-Turck commune is also located at the North-West of Oran to 15 km of the center. A seaside resort which includes/understands several hotel and complex buildings tourist. The landscape of this commune does not cease improving thanks to the many projects undertaken: motorway network, seaside resorts, hospital, etc To 8 km of the commune: the seaside resort the Andalusian ones.
Es-Sénia
This commune is in the South of Oran with 07km center. It shelters industrial parks, several university institutes (Oran-Es-Sénia University, Institut of Communication, ENSET "Higher Teacher training school", CRASC "Research center in social sciences", etc.) and the international airport.
Bir-El-Djir
This commune depends on Bir-El-Djir and composes the suburbs Is of Oran (apart from the districts). It is the future c?ur beating Oranian agglomeration. It includes several buildings which are the seats of companies with a modernistic architecture (Sonatrach, in construction), the new CHU "November 1, 1954", the Palate of the Congresses, l University of sciences and technology (conceived by the Japanese architect Kenzo Tange (1913-2005)), l'Institut of medical sciences, and the Court of Justice.
This commune is the urban extension to the East of the town of Oran, to 8 km of the center, with a population of 118.000 habitants.et the projects: Olympic stage of 50.000 places.
Misserghin
C'est a small peaceful city with Western l'extrême of the metropolis, having its fans Misserghin and its Tour operators Misserghin-Tours in order to promote tourism in the radiant and green area of this locality.
Tourism
To remain there, you will find in Oran several hotels of the Chains Eden, accessible to the average purses of which: Eden De luxe hotel, Eden Phoenix, Airport Eden, Eden Village.
You will find also all comfort and calms has l'Hôtel the Beavers in the district residentiel of the same name. Hotels of high range: International Hotel Sheraton and Royal-Sofitel Hotel on the Boulevard of Soummam (data base Gallieni).
As well as many restaurants being useful of the Algerian specialities. The tourists will be able to attend the cinemas, the arts centres, the regional theatre, the open-air theatre, the nights clubs, the museum, l ancian d'Oran city, the district of Sidi El Houari, the municipal garden, Médina Djedida with its artisanal products, the cathedral, Djebel Murdjadjo, and the close seaside resorts. International airport Es-Senia is to 12 km of the centre town. One can also go to Oran by of Ferries since the ports of Marseilles, Sète, Alicante and Almería, via the national company Algérie Ferries.
Transports
The city has limited means of transport, which do not cover sufficiently the on-urban zones. L'entreprise 'ETO' (Company of Oranian Transport) acquired new buses bright burning coal to cover the request to a total value of 70%. But that remains insufficient within sight of the d'usagers number, in particular the students who attend the two large universities. A thing is however certain: the face of the city radically will be transformed thanks to the nearest setting in?uvre of the Tram d'Oran, whose project of feasibility was finalized and validated by the local authorities in December 2005. Work will start in January 2007 and will last approximately two years and half, to deliver the first line of the tram in 2009. It should comprise 31 stations, distributed on 17,7 kilometers going d'Es-Sénia, in the South, jusqu'à Sidi Maarouf, with l'Est, while passing by the centre town (Place of the 1 November). The tram should serve the locality d'Haï Sabbah, l University of Sciences and Technology (USTO), the Crossroads of the Three Private clinics, the Law courts, Dar El Baïda, the Plate-Saint Michel, the Place of the 1 November, Saint-Anthony, Boulanger, Saint-Hubert, the 3 Ring road and finally l University Es-Sénia.
The Oran Es Senia Airport, for domestic and internationals flights.
International Marathon
The first [ http://www.marathon-oran.org/ International Marathon d'Oran ] was carried out in 2005. Its objective is to show the benefits of the race to foot, and to distract the public by this kind from competitions, at the same time sporting and festive.
Sister relationships
★ Alicante, Spain
★ Bordeaux, France
★ Dakar, Senegal
★ Cape Town, South Africa
★ Warsaw, Poland
★ Tunis, Tunisia
★ Amman, Jordania
External links
★ VisitOran Official website - mostly dedicated to tourism. Features news, city guides, tourism information, countless photos, a community forum and much more.
★ Le Souk d'Oran Oran student’s community
★ Sheraton Oran Hotel Information and pictures for the Sheraton Hotel & Towers Oran.
★ Royal Hotel Oran Information and pictures for the new Royal Hotel Sofitel Oran.
★ Oran's Community FORUM The Community Discussion Forum for Oran and tourism.
★ Audio interview with Oran resident about life in Oran.
★ Oran MAPS Detailed maps of the Oran Region and City.
★ Oran Website (fr)
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