PI-HAHIROTH

'Pi-hahiroth' is the fourth station of the Exodus. The first three stations, Ramesses, Succoth and Etham are all near Thebes and no more than a days march apart. Etham, as the edge of the wilderness, probably refers to the Wadi Hammamat connecting Thebes with its Red Sea port of Elim, ^[1] The fifth and sixth stations Marah and Elim Thebes Red Sea Port, are located on the Red Sea. Pi-hahiroth was a place in Ancient Egypt between Etham and Marah. The Book of Exodus refers to Pi-hahiroth as the place where the Israelites encamped while awaiting an attack by Pharaoh, prior to crossing the Red Sea.
Pi-hahiroth is near Baal-zephon and Migdol. The Book of Exodus records that the Israelites went to Pi-hahiroth, and encamp in front of Baal-zephon, between Migdol and the sea. Modern Egyptologists place Pi-hahiroth on the eastern shore of Egypt just south of the Gulf of Aqaba, near Thebes port of Elim.

Contents

Egyptian translation

Near Eastern References

Marine Archaeology Rederences

Egyptological References

Linguistic References

Classical References

Historical References

Mathematical References

Mensurational References

Biblical References

Footnotes

External links

Egyptian translation

The story of Exodus refers to a people whose ancestors have lived in Egypt for half a millennium in a time frame thats centuries before Hebrew exists as a language. As Egyptians the sons of Israel would refer to place names in Egypt in Egyptian. Looking at Egyptian Grammar's , Faulkner's Middle Egyptian or Loprieno's Ancient Egyptian we find the following phrases and words written in Egyptian.
: O1 Pr to go forth ^[2]
: D2 Hr face ^[3]
: G43 X1:Aa1 D56 D54 P2 Wth flight ^[4][5]
: Pi-hiharoth" ''to go forth abroad, to face flight''
: in Egyptian Pi-hahiroth is transliterated Pr Hr wth
: O1 D2:D21 G43 X1:Aa1 D56 D54 P2
: To go forth, to face flight, fleeing abroad

Near Eastern References

★ 1. E A Wallis Budge The Nile

★ 2. Nelson Glueck'Discusses The evidence for the Exodus in the Negev

★ 3. William H McNeil and Jean W Sedlar, Discusses the evidence for Habiru and hapitu in Canaan

★ 4. Andrew George, Includes toponyms for Canaan

★ 5. James B. Pritchard,

★ 6. Shaika Haya Ali Al Khalifa and Michael Rice,

★ 7. Dr. Muhammed Abdul Nayeem,

★ 8. Michael Roaf

★ 9. Nicholas Awde and Putros Samano

★ 10. Gerard Herm

Marine Archaeology Rederences

★ 11. Lionel Casson

★ 12. George Bass

Egyptological References

★ 13. Gardiner

★ 14. Antonio Loprieno

★ 15. Michael Rice

★ 16. Gillings

★ 17. Somers Clarke and R. Englebach

Linguistic References

★ 18. Marie-Loise Thomsen,

★ 19. Silvia Luraghi

★ 20. J. P. Mallory

★ 21. Anne H. Groton

★ 22. Hines

Classical References

★ 23. Vitruvius

★ 24. Claudias Ptolemy

★ 25. Herodotus War with Judah, Sennacherib, siege of 701 BC

Historical References

★ 26. Michael Grant

Mathematical References

★ 27. Lucas N. H. Bunt, Phillip S.Jones, Jack D. Bedient Includes references to a Days Journey and a Days Sail

Mensurational References

★ 28. H Arthur KleinIncludes references to a Days Journey and a Days Sail

★ 29. Francis H. Moffitt

Biblical References

Footnotes

1. (Baines and Ma'lik see entry under Qus p 111)
2. (pr r h3 means to go forth abroad Gardiner p 580)
3. (Gardiner p 582)
4. (Gardine p 562)
5. (in Egyptian hr wth means face flight)

baal-zephon
baal
zephyr
Those positing a Hebrew name have speculated "Pi-hahiroth" might mean "mouth of the gorges," descriptive of its location, where the mouths of two bodies of water such as the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aquaba combine at the point of entry into the sea. Another speculative but unreferenced translation is "the Bay of Hiroth."
William Smith, in his Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, tentatively identifies Pi-hahiroth with Arsinoe, Egypt.

External links

★ The Yam Suph: Red Sea or Sea of Reeds? Christian theologian discusses the mistranslation.

★ Red Sea or Sea of Reeds?
'Pi-hahiroth' (Hebrew: פִּי הַחִירֹת)
semitic roots

★ The Jerusalem Bible Exodus

:The Second Book of Moses is called EXODUS, from the Greek word EXODOS

★ The link below connects to places bordering the Red Sea. chose the appropriate clickable street map and pan or zoom to various places discused in the list of stations of the Exodus