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A 'pin', a 'fall', or a 'pinfall' (the last term most commonly used in professional wrestling) is a victory condition in various forms of wrestling that is met by holding an opponent's shoulders or scapulae (shoulder blades) on the wrestling mat for a prescribed period of time.
Pinning also refers to the pinning of hands during close hand-to-hand combat of Wing Chun.
★ In American high school scholastic (or folkstyle) wrestling, a pin must be held for two full seconds.
★ In American collegiate folkstyle wrestling, a pin must be held for one full second.[1]
★ In freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling, a pin must be held long enough for the referee to "observe the total control of the fall" (usually about one or two full seconds). Then either the judge or the mat chairman concurs with the referee that a fall is made. (If the referee does not indicate a fall, and the fall is valid, the judge and the mat chairman can concur together and announce the pin.)[2] In the United States at least, for the Kids freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling division (wrestlers ages 8 to 14) in competitions sponsored by USA Wrestling[3] and in the Tots, Bantam, Midget, and Junior divisions (wrestlers ages 5 to 12) in competitions sponsored by the Amateur Athletic Union, it is specified that a pin must be held for two full seconds.[4]
In amateur wrestling, a pin ends the match regardless of when it occurs. Situations which are almost pins but for whatever reason do not meet the criteria - for example, have only one shoulder down or have the defending wrestler blocked in a neck bridge - are rewarded with near fall points (also known as back points) in order to encourage wrestlers to take risks to try to pin their opponents.
Under the 2004-2005 changes to the FILA rules, amateur wrestling moved to a round-based system in which each period is conducted as a separate match with a winner declared. The pin is an exception - it ends a match outright, unlike the period-only victories awarded by technical fall or decision on points. In this way, it is equivalent to a knockout in boxing.
In professional wrestling, a pinfall is a common method of winning a match and typically must be held for a count of three by the referee (though the staged and entertainment-based nature of the sport makes this a somewhat ephemeral requirement).
The purpose of a pinning maneuver is to hold the opponents shoulders against the mat for a count of three. The count is broken (a near-fall) if the opponent manages to raise one or both of his shoulders off of the mat, usually by kicking out -- throwing their legs up to cause their shoulders to rise from the mat. In some positions, a wrestler may 'bridge', arching their back so that only their feet and the top of their head are touching the ground, to put more of their weight on the pinning opponent or to prop them up.
Sometimes, an attacking wrestler may (illegally) hook the opponents tights for extra leverage. Another popular illegal tactic of heel wrestlers is to attempt a pin close to the ring ropes so they can prop their legs up on the ropes to either gain additional leverage or put more weight on the opponent.
The attacking wrestler stands back-to-back with their opponent and hooks both of the opponent's arms. They then lean forward and drops to their knees, sliding the opponent down their back so that their shoulders are against the mat and their chin is against their chest. The attacker holds the opponents arms down with their own arms for the pin.
Also known as a 'lateral press', 'cross press' or simply as the basic 'pin'. With an opponent lying face-up on the mat, the attacking wrestler lies face-down across the opponent's chest to hold them down. Sometimes, when both wrestlers are (kayfabe) exhausted or badly hurt the attacking wrestler will cover with just an arm or lie down face up rather than face down.
The term ''floatover'' (when in reference to a pin) refers to an attacking wrestler using the momentum of a throw or slam they are performing to propel themselves over the opponent into the lateral press position.
The attacking wrestler lies across the opponents chest and hooks a leg with the arm on the opposite side (left leg with right arm or right leg with left arm). Holding the leg gives the attacker greater leverage and makes it harder for the opponent to kick out. This was derived from the inside cradle and outside cradle in amateur wrestling. This maneuver is commonly used by Smackdown! superstar Chavo Guerrero.
An attacking wrestler hooks the arms of an opponent, one by grapevining their legs around it, and the other using their arms. This positions the attacking wrestler horizontally across the back of the opponent and forced the opponent's arms out like a crucifixion. The attacking wrestler then lowers their bodyweight so that the opponent is brought drown to the mat backwards and is forced on to his own shoulders in a pinning position with his legs in the air.
A variation on the standard crucifix, the 'Crucifix bomb', or 'Crucifix driver' sees an attacking wrestler violently force their bodyweight downwards to throw the opponent into the mat with greater impact.
These moves are not to be confused with the Crucifix hold or its powerbomb counterpart.
The 'Delfin Clutch', named by Super Delfin, has an attacking wrestler crossing the arms of the opponent across their own chest while they're laying on their back on the mat. The attacking wrestler then kneels down on one knee on the opponents arms, pinning the opponents shoulders down to the mat. The attacking wrestler then grabs the opponents legs, crosses them, and places them under one of their armpits, bending the opponent to a pinning predicament.
The 'Gedo clutch', named by Gedo who popularized it and sometimes referred to as a 'double leg nelson' has an attacking wrestler sit kneeling on the back of an opponent who is laying face down and facing the same way. The attacking wrestler then grabs the opponents arms and lifts them over their thighs, similar to a camel clutch. The attacker then grabs hold of the opponents head and pushes it down and forward between his legs, while leaning himself forward onto his stomach, flipping the opponent over onto their shoulders, with the attackers legs pinning the opponent down to the mat.
The hold has the opponent wrestler laying on their back. The attacking wrestler then lifts the opponents legs and places their head between them while holding them with their arms. The attacking wrestler then flips forward over the opponent planting their feet on the mat and bridging back to add leverage.
With the opponent on their hands and knees, the attacking wrestler stands next to the opponents hip, grabs one arm and applies an armbar. The attacking wrestler then steps over the arm with his inside leg so that he is facing away from the opponent. The attacking wrestler continues his turning motion and dives forward over the opponent, rolling onto their side. The barred arm acts as a lever, flipping the opponent over the attacker and onto their back. The attacker hooks a leg as the opponent goes over and holds for the pin.
The attacking wrestler stands to the side of his opponent, who is on their hands and knees. The attacker hooks one arm around the opponents neck and one between the legs, and rolls over the opponent. The attacker lands on his back or side, and the opponent is flipped so that their shoulders are pressed against the mat.
Similar to a rana, except that the attacking wrestler is standing, bent over the opponent with both legs hooked pressing his weight down. This pin is typically the result of a powerbomb. Toshiaki Kawada, who learned the original move from Genichiro Tenryu, later innovated a variation where he slides forward and lifts his legs off the mat, putting his full body weight on top of the wrestler and thus pinning their shoulders more firmly against the mat.
The attacking wrestler rolls their opponent back so that the opponents legs are above their head. The attacker wraps his/her arms around the legs and presses down to pin the shoulders.
The most common type of roll up is the 'school boy' where the attacking wrestler drops down behind the opponent and puts one arm up between the opponent's legs to pull the opponent over the attacking wrestler so that they fall flat on their back. At this point, the attacking wrestler would stack the fallen opponent on their shoulders for the pin. Often when female wrestlers use this move, commentators will refer to it as a 'school girl'.
The roll-up is often used to pick up sneaky wins due to it being performed from behind an opponent at anytime. The roll-up is also a popular pinfall move for heel wrestlers, who often secure the hold by using the ropes, or pull on the opponent's tights, for leverage.
The attacking wrestler sits down with the legs of the opponent hooked over their shoulders so that the legs and lower body of the opponent are elevated while their shoulders and upper back are in contact with the mat. The arms of the opponent are sometimes pinned beneath the legs of the attacker. This hold results from numerous throws, including the sitout powerbomb, the spin-out powerbomb, and the sunset flip.
The 'Small package' or 'Inside Cradle' is a pinning maneuver where the attacking wrestler applies a front facelock on the opponent, falls backwards while turning, hooking the opponents far leg with their legs and the opponents other leg with their free arm, ending up on top of the opponent, pinning their shoulders against the mat.
The technical term for the pinning position which results from a sunset flip or a hurricanrana.
In the Sunset flip version the opponent is laying shoulders down on the mat, almost completely flat on their back, with the attacking wrestler applying the pin sits below the legs of the opponent and uses their own legs to cover the opponents shoulders or arms, and hooks both legs around the thighs to force their weight down to the mat.
The other variation which usually results from a hurricanrana sees the one performing the hurricanrana sit on the opponents chest and hook the opponents legs behind them whilst hooking their arms with their legs. This variation is the same hold just with the attacking wrestler on top.
This interchangeability often sees a spot where the wrestlers change their weight distribution to move from one pinning hold to the other for a succession of near falls.
Also known as the 'Mexican Rolling Clutch Pin'. The attacking wrestler jumps onto their opponents shoulders from behind and rolls forward. As the attacker flips over, they hook the opponents shoulders with their legs, flipping the opponent over onto their shoulders. The attacker hooks both of the opponents legs to hold them in place for the pin.
★ ''The Professional Wrestlers' Workout & Instructional Guide'' - Harley Race, Ricky Steamboat, Les Thatcher, and Alex Marvez pg. 76
1. 2008 Wrestling Rules
2. International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling
3. International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling, modified for USA Wrestling
4. 2005 Wrestling Handbook, Part XVI:International Rules and Regulations (FILA)
★ Near-fall
Pinning also refers to the pinning of hands during close hand-to-hand combat of Wing Chun.
In amateur wrestling
★ In American high school scholastic (or folkstyle) wrestling, a pin must be held for two full seconds.
★ In American collegiate folkstyle wrestling, a pin must be held for one full second.[1]
★ In freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling, a pin must be held long enough for the referee to "observe the total control of the fall" (usually about one or two full seconds). Then either the judge or the mat chairman concurs with the referee that a fall is made. (If the referee does not indicate a fall, and the fall is valid, the judge and the mat chairman can concur together and announce the pin.)[2] In the United States at least, for the Kids freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling division (wrestlers ages 8 to 14) in competitions sponsored by USA Wrestling[3] and in the Tots, Bantam, Midget, and Junior divisions (wrestlers ages 5 to 12) in competitions sponsored by the Amateur Athletic Union, it is specified that a pin must be held for two full seconds.[4]
In amateur wrestling, a pin ends the match regardless of when it occurs. Situations which are almost pins but for whatever reason do not meet the criteria - for example, have only one shoulder down or have the defending wrestler blocked in a neck bridge - are rewarded with near fall points (also known as back points) in order to encourage wrestlers to take risks to try to pin their opponents.
Under the 2004-2005 changes to the FILA rules, amateur wrestling moved to a round-based system in which each period is conducted as a separate match with a winner declared. The pin is an exception - it ends a match outright, unlike the period-only victories awarded by technical fall or decision on points. In this way, it is equivalent to a knockout in boxing.
In professional wrestling
In professional wrestling, a pinfall is a common method of winning a match and typically must be held for a count of three by the referee (though the staged and entertainment-based nature of the sport makes this a somewhat ephemeral requirement).
The purpose of a pinning maneuver is to hold the opponents shoulders against the mat for a count of three. The count is broken (a near-fall) if the opponent manages to raise one or both of his shoulders off of the mat, usually by kicking out -- throwing their legs up to cause their shoulders to rise from the mat. In some positions, a wrestler may 'bridge', arching their back so that only their feet and the top of their head are touching the ground, to put more of their weight on the pinning opponent or to prop them up.
Sometimes, an attacking wrestler may (illegally) hook the opponents tights for extra leverage. Another popular illegal tactic of heel wrestlers is to attempt a pin close to the ring ropes so they can prop their legs up on the ropes to either gain additional leverage or put more weight on the opponent.
Types of pinfalls
Back slide
The attacking wrestler stands back-to-back with their opponent and hooks both of the opponent's arms. They then lean forward and drops to their knees, sliding the opponent down their back so that their shoulders are against the mat and their chin is against their chest. The attacker holds the opponents arms down with their own arms for the pin.
Cover
Also known as a 'lateral press', 'cross press' or simply as the basic 'pin'. With an opponent lying face-up on the mat, the attacking wrestler lies face-down across the opponent's chest to hold them down. Sometimes, when both wrestlers are (kayfabe) exhausted or badly hurt the attacking wrestler will cover with just an arm or lie down face up rather than face down.
The term ''floatover'' (when in reference to a pin) refers to an attacking wrestler using the momentum of a throw or slam they are performing to propel themselves over the opponent into the lateral press position.
Cradle
The attacking wrestler lies across the opponents chest and hooks a leg with the arm on the opposite side (left leg with right arm or right leg with left arm). Holding the leg gives the attacker greater leverage and makes it harder for the opponent to kick out. This was derived from the inside cradle and outside cradle in amateur wrestling. This maneuver is commonly used by Smackdown! superstar Chavo Guerrero.
Crucifix
An attacking wrestler hooks the arms of an opponent, one by grapevining their legs around it, and the other using their arms. This positions the attacking wrestler horizontally across the back of the opponent and forced the opponent's arms out like a crucifixion. The attacking wrestler then lowers their bodyweight so that the opponent is brought drown to the mat backwards and is forced on to his own shoulders in a pinning position with his legs in the air.
A variation on the standard crucifix, the 'Crucifix bomb', or 'Crucifix driver' sees an attacking wrestler violently force their bodyweight downwards to throw the opponent into the mat with greater impact.
These moves are not to be confused with the Crucifix hold or its powerbomb counterpart.
Delfin Clutch
The 'Delfin Clutch', named by Super Delfin, has an attacking wrestler crossing the arms of the opponent across their own chest while they're laying on their back on the mat. The attacking wrestler then kneels down on one knee on the opponents arms, pinning the opponents shoulders down to the mat. The attacking wrestler then grabs the opponents legs, crosses them, and places them under one of their armpits, bending the opponent to a pinning predicament.
Gedo clutch
The 'Gedo clutch', named by Gedo who popularized it and sometimes referred to as a 'double leg nelson' has an attacking wrestler sit kneeling on the back of an opponent who is laying face down and facing the same way. The attacking wrestler then grabs the opponents arms and lifts them over their thighs, similar to a camel clutch. The attacker then grabs hold of the opponents head and pushes it down and forward between his legs, while leaning himself forward onto his stomach, flipping the opponent over onto their shoulders, with the attackers legs pinning the opponent down to the mat.
Jackknife hold
The hold has the opponent wrestler laying on their back. The attacking wrestler then lifts the opponents legs and places their head between them while holding them with their arms. The attacking wrestler then flips forward over the opponent planting their feet on the mat and bridging back to add leverage.
La casita / La magistral
With the opponent on their hands and knees, the attacking wrestler stands next to the opponents hip, grabs one arm and applies an armbar. The attacking wrestler then steps over the arm with his inside leg so that he is facing away from the opponent. The attacking wrestler continues his turning motion and dives forward over the opponent, rolling onto their side. The barred arm acts as a lever, flipping the opponent over the attacker and onto their back. The attacker hooks a leg as the opponent goes over and holds for the pin.
Oklahoma roll
The attacking wrestler stands to the side of his opponent, who is on their hands and knees. The attacker hooks one arm around the opponents neck and one between the legs, and rolls over the opponent. The attacker lands on his back or side, and the opponent is flipped so that their shoulders are pressed against the mat.
Prawn hold
Similar to a rana, except that the attacking wrestler is standing, bent over the opponent with both legs hooked pressing his weight down. This pin is typically the result of a powerbomb. Toshiaki Kawada, who learned the original move from Genichiro Tenryu, later innovated a variation where he slides forward and lifts his legs off the mat, putting his full body weight on top of the wrestler and thus pinning their shoulders more firmly against the mat.
Roll-up
The attacking wrestler rolls their opponent back so that the opponents legs are above their head. The attacker wraps his/her arms around the legs and presses down to pin the shoulders.
The most common type of roll up is the 'school boy' where the attacking wrestler drops down behind the opponent and puts one arm up between the opponent's legs to pull the opponent over the attacking wrestler so that they fall flat on their back. At this point, the attacking wrestler would stack the fallen opponent on their shoulders for the pin. Often when female wrestlers use this move, commentators will refer to it as a 'school girl'.
The roll-up is often used to pick up sneaky wins due to it being performed from behind an opponent at anytime. The roll-up is also a popular pinfall move for heel wrestlers, who often secure the hold by using the ropes, or pull on the opponent's tights, for leverage.
Sitout pin
The attacking wrestler sits down with the legs of the opponent hooked over their shoulders so that the legs and lower body of the opponent are elevated while their shoulders and upper back are in contact with the mat. The arms of the opponent are sometimes pinned beneath the legs of the attacker. This hold results from numerous throws, including the sitout powerbomb, the spin-out powerbomb, and the sunset flip.
Small package
The 'Small package' or 'Inside Cradle' is a pinning maneuver where the attacking wrestler applies a front facelock on the opponent, falls backwards while turning, hooking the opponents far leg with their legs and the opponents other leg with their free arm, ending up on top of the opponent, pinning their shoulders against the mat.
Rana
The technical term for the pinning position which results from a sunset flip or a hurricanrana.
In the Sunset flip version the opponent is laying shoulders down on the mat, almost completely flat on their back, with the attacking wrestler applying the pin sits below the legs of the opponent and uses their own legs to cover the opponents shoulders or arms, and hooks both legs around the thighs to force their weight down to the mat.
The other variation which usually results from a hurricanrana sees the one performing the hurricanrana sit on the opponents chest and hook the opponents legs behind them whilst hooking their arms with their legs. This variation is the same hold just with the attacking wrestler on top.
This interchangeability often sees a spot where the wrestlers change their weight distribution to move from one pinning hold to the other for a succession of near falls.
Victory roll
Also known as the 'Mexican Rolling Clutch Pin'. The attacking wrestler jumps onto their opponents shoulders from behind and rolls forward. As the attacker flips over, they hook the opponents shoulders with their legs, flipping the opponent over onto their shoulders. The attacker hooks both of the opponents legs to hold them in place for the pin.
References
★ ''The Professional Wrestlers' Workout & Instructional Guide'' - Harley Race, Ricky Steamboat, Les Thatcher, and Alex Marvez pg. 76
1. 2008 Wrestling Rules
2. International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling
3. International Wrestling Rules: Greco-Roman Wrestling, Freestyle Wrestling, Women's Wrestling, modified for USA Wrestling
4. 2005 Wrestling Handbook, Part XVI:International Rules and Regulations (FILA)
See also
★ Near-fall
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