PIPERALES

'Piperales' is a botanical name for an order of flowering plants. It necessarily includes the family Piperaceae but otherwise has been treated variously over time. Well-known plants which may be included in this order include black pepper, kava, lizard's tail, birthwort, and wild ginger.
In the APG II system, of 2003, this order is placed in the clade 'magnoliids' and is circumscribed as follows:

★ order Piperales

★ : family Aristolochiaceae

★ : family Hydnoraceae

★ : family Lactoridaceae

★ : family Piperaceae

★ : family Saururaceae
This is an expansion from the APG system, of 1998, which used the same placement (in the 'magnoliids') but used this circumscription:

★ order Piperales''

★ : family Aristolochiaceae

★ : family Lactoridaceae

★ : family Piperaceae

★ : family Saururaceae
The Cronquist system, of 1981, placed the order in the subclass Magnoliidae of class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:

★ order Piperales

★ : family Chloranthaceae

★ : family Piperaceae

★ : family Saururaceae
The Engler system, in its update of 1964, placed the order in subclassis Archychlamydeae in class Dicotyledoneae [=dicotyledons] and used this circumscription:

★ order Piperales

★ : family Chloranthaceae

★ : family Lactoridaceae

★ : family Piperaceae

★ : family Saururaceae
The Wettstein system, latest version published in 1935, assigned the order to the Monochlamideae in subclass Choripetalae of class Dicotyledones. It used the circumscription:

★ order Piperales

★ : family Piperaceae