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EspañolLILIUM PARDALINUM SUBSP. PITKINENSE
(Redirected from Pitkin Marsh lily)
The 'Pitkin Marsh lily,', or ''Lilium pardalinum'' subsp. ''pitkinense'', is an endangered perennial herb of the Liliaceae family that is endemic to certain wetland areas in the California Coast Ranges of Sonoma County, California, USA.[1] This member of the lily family attains a height of one to two meters and blooms in the months of June and July. The Pitkin Marsh lily is found in the narrow elevation range of 35 to 60 meters above mean sea level.[2] The etymology of the genus name derives from the Greek word ''Lilium'' which means ''lily''. There are only three known colonies of this rare species including the Pitkin Marsh,[3] situated near California State Route 116 between Sebastopol and Forestville, California;[4] a land development proposal has been proposed which would infringe upon this marsh, which contains a second rare plant species, the White sedge, ''Carex albida''.
The leaves of the Pitkin Marsh lily are typically about 14 centimeters long and one to two centimeters in width. Petals are red at their outer margins, transitioning to yellow at the centers, with small dark maroon dots. The anthers are purplish-brown. This species is distinguished from its more common lookalike, the Panther lily (''Lilium pardalinum'') by shorter petals and anthers. The whorled leaves of the Pitkin Marsh lily are staggered along the stem, and are generally ellipical to oblanceolate in shape.[5] Near the Pitkin Marsh, individuals are found which seem to be hybrids with the closely related Panther lily.[5]
The Pitkin Marsh lily is found only in freshwater marshes and wet meadows[2] in western Sonoma County, California. There are only three known colonies of this rare plant in the vicinity of the towns of Sebastopol and Cotati, California. The historic range is thought to have been throughout a slightly wider portion of the wetlands of Sonoma County,[8] with much higher densities of organisms, possibly ranging into the Laguna de Santa Rosa. This herb occurs only between elevations 35 to 60 meters above mean sea level.
The U.S. Federal Government undertook hearings on listing the Pitkin Marsh lily as early as 1996.[9] In 1997 this species was placed on the United States list of endangered plants, [10] and the State of California classified the plant as ''California Endangered'' in 1978. Conservation profile of Pitkin Marsh lily The habitat of this rare plant has been greatly reduced from historic levels primarily through cattle overgrazing;[11] additional losses have been sustained by collectors seeking this plant for its rarity and beauty. Ongoing threats to this species are deemed to be cattle grazing and alteration of wetlands hydrology and water quality.
There are three known extant colonies of the Pitkin Marsh lily in wetland areas of western Sonoma County.[12] The owner of the first property has denied researchers access to the colony since 1975. It is presumed that the plants still exist, but there is no confirmation of the number of organisms remaining. The second site is the Pitkin Marsh, which was nearly extirpated by land development in 1960s, but approximately 200 plants remain. A major subdivision is planned in the surrounding area, but a "conservation easement" agreement between the California Department of Fish and Game and the landowner will mitigate in preserving this population. The recent threat to the Pitkin Marsh colony occurred when a 27 acre parcel, including part of the marsh, was proposed for development as a 29 bed residential care facility. This zoning application is pending with the County of Sonoma. At the third known site, where this had once been a common species, only two individuals remain. This loss was due to wetland filling, but was primarily caused by the collection of specimens and bulbs for horticultural use. Owners of the latter two sites entered into voluntary protection agreements with The Nature Conservancy in 1989.
★ Americano Creek
1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service plant profile for the Pitkin Marsh lily
2. ''Jepson Manual'', University of California Press (1993)
3. P. Rubtzoff, ''A phytogeographical analysis of the Pitkin Marsh (Sonoma County)''. Wasmann Journal of Biology. 11:129-219 (1953).
4. Sonoma County Audubon Society Online
5. Flora of North America: Profile of the Pitkin Marsh lily
6. Flora of North America: Profile of the Pitkin Marsh lily
7. ''Jepson Manual'', University of California Press (1993)
8. ''Environmental Impact Report for the proposed Roblar Road Rock Quarry'', Earth Metrics Inc. Report 7673, prepared for Sonoma County and the California State Clearinghouse, September, 1989
9. U.S. Federal Register: Consideration of federal listing of nine plant species
10. U.S. Federal Register 62 FR 54791 54808 (1997)
11. Sierra Club plant profile for the Pitkin Marsh lily
12. Center for Plant Conservation: Profile for Pitki Marsh lily
★ Photographic image of Pitikin Marsh lily
★ Calphotos photographs of the Pikin Marsh lily and closely related species
The 'Pitkin Marsh lily,', or ''Lilium pardalinum'' subsp. ''pitkinense'', is an endangered perennial herb of the Liliaceae family that is endemic to certain wetland areas in the California Coast Ranges of Sonoma County, California, USA.[1] This member of the lily family attains a height of one to two meters and blooms in the months of June and July. The Pitkin Marsh lily is found in the narrow elevation range of 35 to 60 meters above mean sea level.[2] The etymology of the genus name derives from the Greek word ''Lilium'' which means ''lily''. There are only three known colonies of this rare species including the Pitkin Marsh,[3] situated near California State Route 116 between Sebastopol and Forestville, California;[4] a land development proposal has been proposed which would infringe upon this marsh, which contains a second rare plant species, the White sedge, ''Carex albida''.
| Contents |
| Morphology |
| Habitat and range |
| Conservation |
| See also |
| References |
| External links |
Morphology
Close lookalike, the Panther lily.
The leaves of the Pitkin Marsh lily are typically about 14 centimeters long and one to two centimeters in width. Petals are red at their outer margins, transitioning to yellow at the centers, with small dark maroon dots. The anthers are purplish-brown. This species is distinguished from its more common lookalike, the Panther lily (''Lilium pardalinum'') by shorter petals and anthers. The whorled leaves of the Pitkin Marsh lily are staggered along the stem, and are generally ellipical to oblanceolate in shape.[5] Near the Pitkin Marsh, individuals are found which seem to be hybrids with the closely related Panther lily.[5]
Habitat and range
Historic habitat for Pitkin Marsh lily in the upper Americano Creek watershed, now heavily damaged by cattle grazing.
The Pitkin Marsh lily is found only in freshwater marshes and wet meadows[2] in western Sonoma County, California. There are only three known colonies of this rare plant in the vicinity of the towns of Sebastopol and Cotati, California. The historic range is thought to have been throughout a slightly wider portion of the wetlands of Sonoma County,[8] with much higher densities of organisms, possibly ranging into the Laguna de Santa Rosa. This herb occurs only between elevations 35 to 60 meters above mean sea level.
Conservation
The U.S. Federal Government undertook hearings on listing the Pitkin Marsh lily as early as 1996.[9] In 1997 this species was placed on the United States list of endangered plants, [10] and the State of California classified the plant as ''California Endangered'' in 1978. Conservation profile of Pitkin Marsh lily The habitat of this rare plant has been greatly reduced from historic levels primarily through cattle overgrazing;[11] additional losses have been sustained by collectors seeking this plant for its rarity and beauty. Ongoing threats to this species are deemed to be cattle grazing and alteration of wetlands hydrology and water quality.
There are three known extant colonies of the Pitkin Marsh lily in wetland areas of western Sonoma County.[12] The owner of the first property has denied researchers access to the colony since 1975. It is presumed that the plants still exist, but there is no confirmation of the number of organisms remaining. The second site is the Pitkin Marsh, which was nearly extirpated by land development in 1960s, but approximately 200 plants remain. A major subdivision is planned in the surrounding area, but a "conservation easement" agreement between the California Department of Fish and Game and the landowner will mitigate in preserving this population. The recent threat to the Pitkin Marsh colony occurred when a 27 acre parcel, including part of the marsh, was proposed for development as a 29 bed residential care facility. This zoning application is pending with the County of Sonoma. At the third known site, where this had once been a common species, only two individuals remain. This loss was due to wetland filling, but was primarily caused by the collection of specimens and bulbs for horticultural use. Owners of the latter two sites entered into voluntary protection agreements with The Nature Conservancy in 1989.
See also
★ Americano Creek
References
1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service plant profile for the Pitkin Marsh lily
2. ''Jepson Manual'', University of California Press (1993)
3. P. Rubtzoff, ''A phytogeographical analysis of the Pitkin Marsh (Sonoma County)''. Wasmann Journal of Biology. 11:129-219 (1953).
4. Sonoma County Audubon Society Online
5. Flora of North America: Profile of the Pitkin Marsh lily
6. Flora of North America: Profile of the Pitkin Marsh lily
7. ''Jepson Manual'', University of California Press (1993)
8. ''Environmental Impact Report for the proposed Roblar Road Rock Quarry'', Earth Metrics Inc. Report 7673, prepared for Sonoma County and the California State Clearinghouse, September, 1989
9. U.S. Federal Register: Consideration of federal listing of nine plant species
10. U.S. Federal Register 62 FR 54791 54808 (1997)
11. Sierra Club plant profile for the Pitkin Marsh lily
12. Center for Plant Conservation: Profile for Pitki Marsh lily
External links
★ Photographic image of Pitikin Marsh lily
★ Calphotos photographs of the Pikin Marsh lily and closely related species
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