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EspañolPOPE PETER III OF ALEXANDRIA
'Pope Peter III of Alexandria' (also known as 'Peter Mongus', form the Greek ''moggos'', "stammerer" or "hoarse") was the Patriarch and Pope of Alexandria (477 - 489) who intruded miaphysitism to the patriarchate of Alexandria.
Under Timothy Aelurus, who was made patriarch by the Egyptian miaphysites after the Council of Chalcedon (454-460), Peter Mongus was an ardent adherent of that party. As Timothy's deacon he took part in the persecution of the Melchites. Timothy Ailuros was expelled from the patriarchal throne in 460 and the Melchite Timothy Salophakiolos was set up by the government instead (460-75). In 475 another revolution recalled Ailuros, who held his place till death (477). His party thereupon elected Peter Mongus to succeed him. The Byzantine Emperor Zeno (474-91) sentenced Mongus to death; he escaped by flight.
Meanwhile Salophakiolos returned and reigned till his death in 481. The Melchites chose John Talaia to succeed (481-482). Peter Mongus, always claiming to be patriarch, now comes forward again. John had quarrelled with Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople, and refused to sign Zeno's Henoticon of 482; so he was expelled, the emperor changed his attitude, and supported Mongus (482). Talaia fled to Rome, Mongus took possession of the see, and sent notice of his succession to his patriarchal colleagues of Rome, Antioch and Constantinople. He had signed the Henoticon and was therefore inserted in Acacius's diptychs as Patriarch of Alexandria. But the pope of Rome (Felix II or Felix III, 483-92) defended Talaia's rights in two letters to Acacius.
From this time Mongus became the chief champion of all miaphysites. He held a synod to condemn Chalcedon, and desecrated the tombs of Proterios and Salophakiolos, his Melchite predecessors. Hence, the Bishop of Rome repeatedly excommunicated this Pope of Alexandria. It was communion with Mongus and the acceptance of the Henotikon that caused the Acacian schism of Constantinople (484-519). When Acacius died and was succeeded as ecumenical patriarch by Flavitas (or Fravitas, 489-90), Mongus wrote to the new patriarch again, condemning Chalcedon and encouraging him in his schism with Rome. He died in 490 and was succeeded by another miaphysite, Athanasius II (490-96).
He is said to have written many books, of which however nothing remains. A pretended correspondence between him and Acacius (in Coptic) is proved to be spurious by Amelineau in the "Memoires publiés par les membres de la mission archéologique française au Caire", IV (Paris, 1888), 196-228.
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Biography
Under Timothy Aelurus, who was made patriarch by the Egyptian miaphysites after the Council of Chalcedon (454-460), Peter Mongus was an ardent adherent of that party. As Timothy's deacon he took part in the persecution of the Melchites. Timothy Ailuros was expelled from the patriarchal throne in 460 and the Melchite Timothy Salophakiolos was set up by the government instead (460-75). In 475 another revolution recalled Ailuros, who held his place till death (477). His party thereupon elected Peter Mongus to succeed him. The Byzantine Emperor Zeno (474-91) sentenced Mongus to death; he escaped by flight.
Meanwhile Salophakiolos returned and reigned till his death in 481. The Melchites chose John Talaia to succeed (481-482). Peter Mongus, always claiming to be patriarch, now comes forward again. John had quarrelled with Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople, and refused to sign Zeno's Henoticon of 482; so he was expelled, the emperor changed his attitude, and supported Mongus (482). Talaia fled to Rome, Mongus took possession of the see, and sent notice of his succession to his patriarchal colleagues of Rome, Antioch and Constantinople. He had signed the Henoticon and was therefore inserted in Acacius's diptychs as Patriarch of Alexandria. But the pope of Rome (Felix II or Felix III, 483-92) defended Talaia's rights in two letters to Acacius.
From this time Mongus became the chief champion of all miaphysites. He held a synod to condemn Chalcedon, and desecrated the tombs of Proterios and Salophakiolos, his Melchite predecessors. Hence, the Bishop of Rome repeatedly excommunicated this Pope of Alexandria. It was communion with Mongus and the acceptance of the Henotikon that caused the Acacian schism of Constantinople (484-519). When Acacius died and was succeeded as ecumenical patriarch by Flavitas (or Fravitas, 489-90), Mongus wrote to the new patriarch again, condemning Chalcedon and encouraging him in his schism with Rome. He died in 490 and was succeeded by another miaphysite, Athanasius II (490-96).
He is said to have written many books, of which however nothing remains. A pretended correspondence between him and Acacius (in Coptic) is proved to be spurious by Amelineau in the "Memoires publiés par les membres de la mission archéologique française au Caire", IV (Paris, 1888), 196-228.
Sources and references
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