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:''For the mythological figure, see Porus (mythology).''
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'King Porus' (also 'Raja Puru'), was the King of Pauravaa, a Kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (in Greek, the Hydaspes and the Acesines) rivers in the Punjab and dominions extending to Hyphasis.[1] Its capital may have been near the current city of Lahore.[2]
The palace of Sopeithes which the Greek historian Arrian mentions as the place on the Hydaspes is supposed to be at Bhera. The Greeks refer to the Jhelum river as the Hydaspes River where Alexander the Great fought Porus in Battle of the Hydaspes River in 326 BCE.
King Porus was said to be "5 cubits tall", either the implausible 2.3 m (7½ ft) assuming an 18-inch cubit, or the more likely 1.8 m (6 ft) if a 14-inch Macedonian cubit was meant.
Unlike his neighbour, Ambhi ''(in Greek: Omphis)'', King Porus chose to fight Alexander the Great in order to defend his kingdom Pauravaa and people.
King Porus fought the Battle of the Hydaspes River with Alexander in 326 BC. After fierce fighting and very heavy casualties on both sides, he was defeated by Alexander in a Pyrrhic victory.[3] The battle with King Porus is often considered to be Alexander's hardest fought battle,[4][5] so hard that it caused his army to mutiny against him afterwards.[4] In a famous meeting with Porus - who had suffered many arrow wounds in the battle and had lost his sons, who all chose death in battle rather than surrender. Alexander reportedly asked him, ''"how he should treat him"''. Porus replied, ''"the way one king treats another"''. Alexander was so impressed by the brave and powerful response of King Porus that he released him back to his Kingdom and gave the captured land of a neighbouring Kingdom whose ruler had fled. [4]
Later on, King Porus is reported to have participated in Alexander's conquests further east in India. During the attack and destruction of Sagala, Porus rallied Alexander and supplied elephants as well as 5,000 Indian troops:
:''"At this point too, Porus arrived, bringing with him the rest of the elephants and some five thousand Indians"'' Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, V.24.4
In recognition for his support, Alexander gave him the dominion on the territories he had conquered, as far as the Hyphasis:
:''"He added the territories as far as the river Hyphasis to Porus' dominion, and he himself began to return towards the Hydraotes."'' Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, V.29.2
King Porus seems to have held the position of a Hellenistic satrap for several years after Alexander's departure. He is first mentioned as satrap of the area of the Hydaspes in the text of the Partition of Babylon on 323 BCE. His position was confirmed again in 321 BC at the Partition of Triparadisus.
Indian texts such as the Mudrarakshasa of Visakhadutta as well as the Jaina work Parisishtaparvan talk of Chandragupta's alliance with the Himalayan king Parvata, often identified with King Porus.[8] This Himalayan alliance gave Chandragupta a composite and powerful army made up of Yavanas (Greeks), Kambojas, Shakas (Scythians), Kiratas (Nepalese), Parasikas (Persians) and Bahlikas (Bactrians) who took Pataliputra (also called Kusumapura, "The City of Flowers"):
Indian sources record that Parvata was killed by mistake by the Indian ruler Rakshasa, who was trying to assassinate Chandragupta instead.
Greek tradition however records that he was assassinated, sometime between 321 and 315 BC, (317 BC accepted year), by the Thracian general Eudemus, who had remained in charge of the Macedonian armies in the Punjab:
After his assassination, his son King Malayketu ascended the throne with the help of Eudemus. However, Malayketu was killed in the Battle of Gabiene in 317 BC.
1. Arrian Anabasis of Alexander, V.29.2
2. www.livius.org
3. Welman, Nick. Battles (Major) and Army. Fontys University.
4. History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
5. The Campaigns Of Alexander, p. 281.
6. History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
7. History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
8. John Marshall "Taxila", p18, and al.
★ Arrian, ''The Campaigns of Alexander'', book 5.
★ ''History of Porus'', Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
★ Lendring, Jona. ''Alexander de Grote - De ondergang van het Perzische rijk'' (Alexander the Great. The demise of the Persian empire),Amsterdam:Athenaeum - Polak & Van Gennep, 2004.
★ Holt, Frank L. ''Alexander the Great and the Mystery of the Elephant Medallions'', California: University of California Press, 2003, 217pgs. ISBN 0-520-24483-4
★ Porus at Livius, by Jona Lendering
{|align=right
|
'King Porus' (also 'Raja Puru'), was the King of Pauravaa, a Kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (in Greek, the Hydaspes and the Acesines) rivers in the Punjab and dominions extending to Hyphasis.[1] Its capital may have been near the current city of Lahore.[2]
The palace of Sopeithes which the Greek historian Arrian mentions as the place on the Hydaspes is supposed to be at Bhera. The Greeks refer to the Jhelum river as the Hydaspes River where Alexander the Great fought Porus in Battle of the Hydaspes River in 326 BCE.
King Porus was said to be "5 cubits tall", either the implausible 2.3 m (7½ ft) assuming an 18-inch cubit, or the more likely 1.8 m (6 ft) if a 14-inch Macedonian cubit was meant.
| Contents |
| Conflict, alliance and comradeship with Alexander |
| Satrap |
| Death |
| Notes |
| References |
| External links |
Conflict, alliance and comradeship with Alexander
Unlike his neighbour, Ambhi ''(in Greek: Omphis)'', King Porus chose to fight Alexander the Great in order to defend his kingdom Pauravaa and people.
King Porus fought the Battle of the Hydaspes River with Alexander in 326 BC. After fierce fighting and very heavy casualties on both sides, he was defeated by Alexander in a Pyrrhic victory.[3] The battle with King Porus is often considered to be Alexander's hardest fought battle,[4][5] so hard that it caused his army to mutiny against him afterwards.[4] In a famous meeting with Porus - who had suffered many arrow wounds in the battle and had lost his sons, who all chose death in battle rather than surrender. Alexander reportedly asked him, ''"how he should treat him"''. Porus replied, ''"the way one king treats another"''. Alexander was so impressed by the brave and powerful response of King Porus that he released him back to his Kingdom and gave the captured land of a neighbouring Kingdom whose ruler had fled. [4]
Later on, King Porus is reported to have participated in Alexander's conquests further east in India. During the attack and destruction of Sagala, Porus rallied Alexander and supplied elephants as well as 5,000 Indian troops:
:''"At this point too, Porus arrived, bringing with him the rest of the elephants and some five thousand Indians"'' Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, V.24.4
In recognition for his support, Alexander gave him the dominion on the territories he had conquered, as far as the Hyphasis:
:''"He added the territories as far as the river Hyphasis to Porus' dominion, and he himself began to return towards the Hydraotes."'' Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, V.29.2
Satrap
King Porus seems to have held the position of a Hellenistic satrap for several years after Alexander's departure. He is first mentioned as satrap of the area of the Hydaspes in the text of the Partition of Babylon on 323 BCE. His position was confirmed again in 321 BC at the Partition of Triparadisus.
Indian texts such as the Mudrarakshasa of Visakhadutta as well as the Jaina work Parisishtaparvan talk of Chandragupta's alliance with the Himalayan king Parvata, often identified with King Porus.[8] This Himalayan alliance gave Chandragupta a composite and powerful army made up of Yavanas (Greeks), Kambojas, Shakas (Scythians), Kiratas (Nepalese), Parasikas (Persians) and Bahlikas (Bactrians) who took Pataliputra (also called Kusumapura, "The City of Flowers"):
Death
Indian sources record that Parvata was killed by mistake by the Indian ruler Rakshasa, who was trying to assassinate Chandragupta instead.
Greek tradition however records that he was assassinated, sometime between 321 and 315 BC, (317 BC accepted year), by the Thracian general Eudemus, who had remained in charge of the Macedonian armies in the Punjab:
After his assassination, his son King Malayketu ascended the throne with the help of Eudemus. However, Malayketu was killed in the Battle of Gabiene in 317 BC.
Notes
1. Arrian Anabasis of Alexander, V.29.2
2. www.livius.org
3. Welman, Nick. Battles (Major) and Army. Fontys University.
4. History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
5. The Campaigns Of Alexander, p. 281.
6. History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
7. History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
8. John Marshall "Taxila", p18, and al.
References
★ Arrian, ''The Campaigns of Alexander'', book 5.
★ ''History of Porus'', Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
★ Lendring, Jona. ''Alexander de Grote - De ondergang van het Perzische rijk'' (Alexander the Great. The demise of the Persian empire),Amsterdam:Athenaeum - Polak & Van Gennep, 2004.
★ Holt, Frank L. ''Alexander the Great and the Mystery of the Elephant Medallions'', California: University of California Press, 2003, 217pgs. ISBN 0-520-24483-4
External links
★ Porus at Livius, by Jona Lendering
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