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'Powerlifting' is a strength sport, consisting of three events: the squat, the bench press, and the deadlift.
A powerlifting competition takes place as follows:[1]
Competitors are judged against other lifters of the same gender, weight class, and age. This helps to ensure that the accomplishments of lifters like Lamar Gant, who deadlifted five times his own weight, are recognized alongside those of Andy Bolton, the current World Powerlifting Organization squat, deadlift, and three-lift world record holder. Comparisons of lifters and scores across different weight classes can also be made using handicapping systems such as the Wilks formula.[1]
Main articles: Squat (exercise)
The athlete stands under a racked barbell which is loaded with weight. Grabbing the bar from behind, the bar is put onto the top of the back, resting on the trapezius muscles. The athlete walks clear of the rack (unless competing in a federation using a "monolift", a device which supports the bar in place until the lifter is ready), and squats down until the top of the thigh at the hip joint is lower than the top of the knee. Although the bottom position is sometimes described as having the thigh "below parallel" to the floor, the lower thigh may not necessarily appear to be beneath parallel. The lifter then stands up again, and carefully returns the weight to the rack. Disqualification results from the bar making any downward movement after the lifter has started upwards, if the spotters touch the bar in any way, if the lifter does not descend far enough, or if the lifter makes no effort to re-rack the weight under his or her own power.
Main articles: Bench press
The athlete lies on a bench. A loaded barbell rests on stands built into the bench above the eye level of the lifter when lying on the bench. The athlete removes the bar from the supports with the aid of one or more spotters, lowers it to the chest, pauses, and then presses it up to the full extension of the arms, then carefully returns the weight to the rack. Disqualification results if the bar is placed too low on the body (varies by federation), if the bar does not pause on the chest before being lifted upward (in some federations, an explicit "press" command is given, and the athlete cannot lift upwards until it is given), if the bar fails to touch the chest, if the bar hits the uprights of the rack on the ascent, or if the bar makes any downward motion during the ascent. In addition, the lift is nullified if the feet move during the lift, if the buttocks lift off the bench, or if the body makes any extraneous movement during the lift.
Main articles: Deadlift
A loaded barbell is placed on the floor. The athlete reaches down, grasps the bar, and lifts it until the legs and back are straight and upright, and the chest proud. The bar is then returned to the floor in a controlled manner normally at the command of one of the judges. The end of the lift is referred to as 'locking out', which means to straighten the back and lock the knees into a balanced position. Disqualification results from the athlete failing to stand completely upright, or if the bar makes any downward motion during the ascent, or for using the thighs to assist the lift (hitching). Many judges have been known to disqualify lifters who drop the bar to the floor after the lift is finished, due to the danger involved in dropping such a heavy amount of weight and the fact that it damages the floor of the gyms that meets are commonly held in. The current world record is held by Andy Bolton (Great Britain) with 1003lbs.
In contrast to classical Olympic weightlifting events, where an athlete raises a barbell from the floor to over his head, powerlifting movements are shorter. While both disciplines demand high levels of force production, weightlifting actually focuses more directly on the rapid force produced by dynamic efforts, meaning that "powerlifting" is really something of a misnomer.
The two sports are largely separated by geography, with Olympic weightlifting being more popular in Eastern Europe and Asia (Russia, Turkey, Iran, China, and others), while powerlifting is more popular in Western Europe and North America. However, support for powerlifting is growing worldwide, with Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Indonesia, and Taiwan producing World Champions and World Record holders.
The multiplicity of federations and rules, the behind the scenes politics of Olympic certification, and the use and/or abuse of competition gear makes the inclusion of the sport in the Olympics unlikely. However, powerlifting is a part of the World Games, which is patronized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The International Powerlifting Federation (IPF) runs worldwide events and aims to standardise an international competition, and is at the forefront of these kinds of efforts.
There have been many controversies in the sport of powerlifting, creating division into the different organizations and limiting the sports mainstream involvement as a widespread standardized sport or being an Olympic event. One of the greatest controversies is over the use of assistance clothing/gear. Many purists believe that assistance equipment reduces powerlifting as a pure limit strength sport. Others feel equipment companies bring money into the sport in the form of sponsorship of lifters and events plus equipment use reduces injuries. Furthering the complication is not only the use of gear itself, but the stance the main powerlifting organizations take on its use. For example, some federations such as the IPF allow the use of single ply polyester squat and deadlift suits, and single ply polyester bench shirts, while the WPO allows multi ply squat and deadlift suits and multi ply bench shirts made from anything from canvas to denim. Another is over the growing use of performance enhancing drugs and the inconsistencies between federations testing for them. At the 2000 Summer Paralympics nine powerlifters were ejected from the Games after positive tests in one of the worst cases of cheating at the Paralympic Games. In addition to these larger problems are small issues with technique such as how long the bar should pause at the bottom of the bench press or the depth that a lifter must squat a weight.
Although powerlifting always uses the squat, bench press and deadlift as events, different federations have different rules and different interpretations of the rules, leading to a myriad of variations. Some federations, such as the ADAU and 100% Raw Federation, allow no supportive gear to be worn by the lifter. Some, such as the IPF and AAU, only allow a single-ply tight polyester squat suit, deadlift suit and bench shirt, wraps for knees and wrists, and a belt. Other federations, such as the IPA and WPO, allow opened or closed back bench shirts, multi-ply gear, and a wide array of gear materials such as canvas, denim, polyester etc.
In an IPF bench press, the barbell can go as low as the xiphoid process and no further in the lift, whereas in other federations, the barbell can touch the abdomen. (This shortens the distance in which the barbell is moved and is an advantage to the lifter.)
1. International Powerlifting Federation (PDF), p. 2. Retrieved August 12th, 2007.
★ French Site on powerlifting
★ Bench Press and Powerlifting Blog
★ The World powerlifting database of results, records and powerlifters with advanced search
★ IronScene Powerlifting Videos - videos of powerlifting attempts and competitions from around the world.
★ Powerlifting Video Podcast
★ IPF - International Powerlifting Federation Official Website
★ USAPL Powerlfting - America's Top Drug Tested Powerlifting Federation
★ http://home.vicnet.net.au/~capo/ -Council of Australian Powerlifting Organisations- C.A.P.O. (WPC Affiliate)
★ Powerlfting Australia - Australia's IPF-affiliated powerlifting organisation
★ Comprehensive history of powerlifting
★ Search for powerlifting meets
★ powermagonline.com - Michael Soong's Men's Powerlifting World Records
★ Powerlifting reference videos
★ Team Taylor - New York State Powerlifting
★ - USPF Powerlifting California
★ - USA Powerlifting Message board
★ - Raw powerlifting
★ - NASA "Real Drug Free Powerlifting, Bench Press, Power Sports© and Push Pull Events where the Lifter does the lifting, supportive equipment is restricted to single ply and true Powerlifting Rules are enforced!"
| Contents |
| Competition Format |
| Events |
| Squat |
| Bench Press |
| Deadlift |
| Powerlifting vs. Weightlifting |
| Powerlifting and the Olympics |
| Controversy and recognition |
| Organizations |
| References |
| External links |
Competition Format
A powerlifting competition takes place as follows:[1]
Each competitor is allowed three attempts on each lift. The lifter’s best valid attempt on each lift counts toward his competition total. If two or more lifters achieve the same total, the lighter lifter ranks above the heavier lifter.
Competitors are judged against other lifters of the same gender, weight class, and age. This helps to ensure that the accomplishments of lifters like Lamar Gant, who deadlifted five times his own weight, are recognized alongside those of Andy Bolton, the current World Powerlifting Organization squat, deadlift, and three-lift world record holder. Comparisons of lifters and scores across different weight classes can also be made using handicapping systems such as the Wilks formula.[1]
Events
Squat
Main articles: Squat (exercise)
The athlete stands under a racked barbell which is loaded with weight. Grabbing the bar from behind, the bar is put onto the top of the back, resting on the trapezius muscles. The athlete walks clear of the rack (unless competing in a federation using a "monolift", a device which supports the bar in place until the lifter is ready), and squats down until the top of the thigh at the hip joint is lower than the top of the knee. Although the bottom position is sometimes described as having the thigh "below parallel" to the floor, the lower thigh may not necessarily appear to be beneath parallel. The lifter then stands up again, and carefully returns the weight to the rack. Disqualification results from the bar making any downward movement after the lifter has started upwards, if the spotters touch the bar in any way, if the lifter does not descend far enough, or if the lifter makes no effort to re-rack the weight under his or her own power.
Bench Press
Main articles: Bench press
The athlete lies on a bench. A loaded barbell rests on stands built into the bench above the eye level of the lifter when lying on the bench. The athlete removes the bar from the supports with the aid of one or more spotters, lowers it to the chest, pauses, and then presses it up to the full extension of the arms, then carefully returns the weight to the rack. Disqualification results if the bar is placed too low on the body (varies by federation), if the bar does not pause on the chest before being lifted upward (in some federations, an explicit "press" command is given, and the athlete cannot lift upwards until it is given), if the bar fails to touch the chest, if the bar hits the uprights of the rack on the ascent, or if the bar makes any downward motion during the ascent. In addition, the lift is nullified if the feet move during the lift, if the buttocks lift off the bench, or if the body makes any extraneous movement during the lift.
Powerlifter Scot Mendelson on the cover of Powerlifting USA
Deadlift
Main articles: Deadlift
A loaded barbell is placed on the floor. The athlete reaches down, grasps the bar, and lifts it until the legs and back are straight and upright, and the chest proud. The bar is then returned to the floor in a controlled manner normally at the command of one of the judges. The end of the lift is referred to as 'locking out', which means to straighten the back and lock the knees into a balanced position. Disqualification results from the athlete failing to stand completely upright, or if the bar makes any downward motion during the ascent, or for using the thighs to assist the lift (hitching). Many judges have been known to disqualify lifters who drop the bar to the floor after the lift is finished, due to the danger involved in dropping such a heavy amount of weight and the fact that it damages the floor of the gyms that meets are commonly held in. The current world record is held by Andy Bolton (Great Britain) with 1003lbs.
Powerlifting vs. Weightlifting
In contrast to classical Olympic weightlifting events, where an athlete raises a barbell from the floor to over his head, powerlifting movements are shorter. While both disciplines demand high levels of force production, weightlifting actually focuses more directly on the rapid force produced by dynamic efforts, meaning that "powerlifting" is really something of a misnomer.
The two sports are largely separated by geography, with Olympic weightlifting being more popular in Eastern Europe and Asia (Russia, Turkey, Iran, China, and others), while powerlifting is more popular in Western Europe and North America. However, support for powerlifting is growing worldwide, with Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Indonesia, and Taiwan producing World Champions and World Record holders.
Powerlifting and the Olympics
The multiplicity of federations and rules, the behind the scenes politics of Olympic certification, and the use and/or abuse of competition gear makes the inclusion of the sport in the Olympics unlikely. However, powerlifting is a part of the World Games, which is patronized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). The International Powerlifting Federation (IPF) runs worldwide events and aims to standardise an international competition, and is at the forefront of these kinds of efforts.
Controversy and recognition
There have been many controversies in the sport of powerlifting, creating division into the different organizations and limiting the sports mainstream involvement as a widespread standardized sport or being an Olympic event. One of the greatest controversies is over the use of assistance clothing/gear. Many purists believe that assistance equipment reduces powerlifting as a pure limit strength sport. Others feel equipment companies bring money into the sport in the form of sponsorship of lifters and events plus equipment use reduces injuries. Furthering the complication is not only the use of gear itself, but the stance the main powerlifting organizations take on its use. For example, some federations such as the IPF allow the use of single ply polyester squat and deadlift suits, and single ply polyester bench shirts, while the WPO allows multi ply squat and deadlift suits and multi ply bench shirts made from anything from canvas to denim. Another is over the growing use of performance enhancing drugs and the inconsistencies between federations testing for them. At the 2000 Summer Paralympics nine powerlifters were ejected from the Games after positive tests in one of the worst cases of cheating at the Paralympic Games. In addition to these larger problems are small issues with technique such as how long the bar should pause at the bottom of the bench press or the depth that a lifter must squat a weight.
Organizations
Although powerlifting always uses the squat, bench press and deadlift as events, different federations have different rules and different interpretations of the rules, leading to a myriad of variations. Some federations, such as the ADAU and 100% Raw Federation, allow no supportive gear to be worn by the lifter. Some, such as the IPF and AAU, only allow a single-ply tight polyester squat suit, deadlift suit and bench shirt, wraps for knees and wrists, and a belt. Other federations, such as the IPA and WPO, allow opened or closed back bench shirts, multi-ply gear, and a wide array of gear materials such as canvas, denim, polyester etc.
In an IPF bench press, the barbell can go as low as the xiphoid process and no further in the lift, whereas in other federations, the barbell can touch the abdomen. (This shortens the distance in which the barbell is moved and is an advantage to the lifter.)
References
1. International Powerlifting Federation (PDF), p. 2. Retrieved August 12th, 2007.
External links
★ French Site on powerlifting
★ Bench Press and Powerlifting Blog
★ The World powerlifting database of results, records and powerlifters with advanced search
★ IronScene Powerlifting Videos - videos of powerlifting attempts and competitions from around the world.
★ Powerlifting Video Podcast
★ IPF - International Powerlifting Federation Official Website
★ USAPL Powerlfting - America's Top Drug Tested Powerlifting Federation
★ http://home.vicnet.net.au/~capo/ -Council of Australian Powerlifting Organisations- C.A.P.O. (WPC Affiliate)
★ Powerlfting Australia - Australia's IPF-affiliated powerlifting organisation
★ Comprehensive history of powerlifting
★ Search for powerlifting meets
★ powermagonline.com - Michael Soong's Men's Powerlifting World Records
★ Powerlifting reference videos
★ Team Taylor - New York State Powerlifting
★ - USPF Powerlifting California
★ - USA Powerlifting Message board
★ - Raw powerlifting
★ - NASA "Real Drug Free Powerlifting, Bench Press, Power Sports© and Push Pull Events where the Lifter does the lifting, supportive equipment is restricted to single ply and true Powerlifting Rules are enforced!"
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