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The '''Norbertines''', also known as the 'Premonstratensians' (OPraem) and in England, as the 'White Canons' (from the colour of their habit), are a Christian religious order of Augustinian canons founded at Prémontré near Laon in 1120 by Saint Norbert, afterwards archbishop of Magdeburg. Premonstratensians are designated by ''O Praem'' following their name.
St. Norbert had made various efforts to introduce a strict form of canonical life in various communities of canons in Germany; in 1120 he was working in the diocese of Laon, and there in a desert place, called Prémontré, in Aisne, he and thirteen companions established a monastery to be the cradle of a new order. They were canons regular and followed the Rule of St. Augustine, but with supplementary statutes that made the life one of great austerity. Norbert was a friend of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux and he was largely influenced by the Cistercian ideals as to both the manner of life and the government of his order. But as the Premonstratensians were not monks but canons regular, their work was preaching and the exercise of the pastoral office, and they served a large number of parishes incorporated in their monasteries.
History
The order was founded in 1120. In 1126, when it received papal approbation, there were nine houses; and others were established in quick succession throughout western Europe, so that at the middle of the fourteenth century there are said to have been over 1,300 monasteries for men and 400 for women. The Norbertines played a predominant part in the conversion of the Wends and the Christianizing of the territories around the Elbe and the Oder. In time mitigations and relaxations crept in, and these gave rise to reforms and semi-independent congregations within the order. The Norbertines came to England about 1143, first at Newhouse in Lincoln, and before the dissolution under Henry VIII there were 35 houses.
By the beginning of the nineteenth century the order had been almost exterminated, only eight houses surviving, all in Austria. At the start of the twentieth century there were 20 monasteries and 1,000 priests. As of 2005, the number of monasteries had increased to nearly 100 and spread to every continent. In the twenty-first century, because they follow the Augustinian Rule, this group is regarded as one of the Independent Augustinian Communities.
In the 1990s, Norbertines in Ireland came under fire for their complicity in covering up the crimes of Fr. Brendan Smyth, a member of the order who was convicted of child molestation.
Famous Premonstratensians
★ Robert J. Cornell (1919-), Democratic U.S. Congressman from Wisconsin from 1975-1979 and professor of political science at St. Norbert College.
★ Astrik L. Gabriel (1907-2005), director of the Medieval Institute at the University of Notre Dame from 1952 to 1975.
★ Johann Zahn (1631-1707), German canon who wrote on the camera obscura and who invented an early camera.
Abbeys founded by the Premonstratensians
In Austria
★ Geras Abbey, Austria
In Belgium
★ Averbode Abbey, Belgium
★ Cornillon Abbey, Belgium
★ Floreffe Abbey, Belgium
★ Grimbergen Abbey, Belgium
★ Heylissem Abbey, Belgium
★ Parc Abbey, Belgium
★ Postel Abbey, Belgium
In Cyprus
★ Bellapais Abbey, Cyprus
In Czechia
★ Strahov Abbey, Czech Republic
★ Teplá Abbey, Czech Republic
In France
★ Ardenne Abbey
★ Moncel Abbey
★ Pont-à-Mousson Abbey
★ Prémontré Abbey
In Germany
★ All Saints' Abbey, Germany
★ Lorsch Abbey, Germany
★ Mönchsroth Abbey, Germany
★ Obermarchtal Abbey, Germany
★ Pöhlde Abbey, Germany
★ Schussenried Abbey, Germany
★ Steingaden Abbey, Germany
★ Weissenau Abbey, Germany
In Ireland
★ Annaghdown Abbey, Ireland
★ Ballineval Abbey, Ireland
★ Carrickfergus Abbey, Ireland
★ Druim la Croix (White Abbey), Ireland
★ Holy Trinity Abbey, Ireland
★ Abbeytown Abbey, Ireland
★ Lough Key Abbey, Ireland
★ Tuam Abbey, Ireland
In Slovakia
★ Jasov Klastor, Slovakia [1]
In the UK
In England
★ Alnwick Abbey, England
★ Barlings Abbey, England
★ Bayham Abbey, England
★ Beauchief Abbey, England
★ Blanchland Abbey, England
★ Corpus Christi Priory, England
★ Dale Abbey, England
★ Easby Abbey, England
★ Egglestone Abbey, England
★ Langley Abbey, England
★ Leiston Abbey, England
★ Newsham (Newhouse)Abbey, Lincolnshire, England
★ Our Lady of England Priory [2], Storrington, UK
★ Shap Abbey, England
★ Titchfield Abbey, England
★ Tupholme Abbey, England
★ Welbeck Abbey, England
In Northern Ireland
In Scotland
★ Dercongal Abbey, Scotland
★ Dryburgh Abbey, Scotland
★ Fearn Abbey, Scotland
★ Soulseat Abbey, Scotland
★ Tongland Abbey, Scotland
★ Whithorn Priory, Scotland
In Wales
★ Talley Abbey, Wales
In the USA
★ Daylesford Abbey[3], Pennsylvania, USA
★ St. Michael's Abbey[4], California, USA
★ Saint Norbert Abbey[5], Wisconsin, USA
References
★
★ Helyot, ''Histoire des ordres réligieux'' (1714).
★ Max Heimbucher, ''Orden u. Kongregationen'' (1907), ii. 56.
★ Premonstratensian Canons from the Catholic Encyclopedia.
External links
★ Order Home Page
★ Daylesford Abbey
★ St. Norbert College - Private Catholic College(Norbertine Tradition)
★ Archmere Academy - Catholic School in the Norbertine Tradition
★ Archmere Alumni Association
★ The website of a large, Norbertine monastery in Orange County, California
★ The website of the Norbertine Community of Our Lady of England Priory, Storrington, West Sussex, UK
★ The website of the Norbertine Fathers in Manchester, England
★
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