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A 'prequel' is a work that portrays events which include the structure, conventions, and/or characters of a previously completed narrative, but occur at an earlier time. The word is a neologism, formed as a portmanteau from ''pre-'', meaning before, and ''sequel'', a work which takes place ''after'' a previous one. While the word is an etymological aberration ("sequel" derives from "sequence" – Latin: ''sequor'' – there is no such thing as a ''"prequor"'') its meaning is easily grasped and it has passed into common usage. The correct term should be 'protosequel', as adopted in other languages, like the Spanish "protosecuela".
According to OED the word ''prequel'' first appeared in print in 1958 in an article by Anthony Boucher in ''The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction''. It appears to have first come into general use in the early 1970s, in which its first known, traceable use is in the original press pack for ''The Godfather Part II'',[1] where it is used to describe the sections of the film which take place before the events of ''The Godfather''.
According to IMDb, the first prequel in film was ''The Nightcomers'' (1972)[2] based on the book by Henry James, prequeling all the previously made movies based on his novel ''The Turn of the Screw''.
Francis Ford Coppola credits George Lucas with devising the term which Lucas and Steven Spielberg later used to describe their joint project ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' (which also occurred before the events of the first Indiana Jones film) during publicity for its release.
Lucas's own ''Star Wars'' prequel trilogy greatly popularized the term in American culture.[3]
Another popular cinematic prequel is ''The Godfather, Part II''. This film is both sequel and prequel, since it intercuts the further story of the Corleone mafia family under the leadership of Michael Corleone with the story of his father Vito Corleone in his youth.
Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. Often, they explain the background which led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not as explicit. Sometimes, prequels play on the fact that the audience knows what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.
The idea of a prequel is not new. The libretti for the four operas of Richard Wagner's ''Ring Cycle'' – ''Das Rheingold'', ''Die Walküre'', ''Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung'' – were written in reverse order, making each opera a prequel to the preceding one.
Another example of a prequel in C. S. Lewis' ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' is ''The Magician's Nephew'', a prequel to ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' which was written first. Though originally they were unplanned and unnumbered, many newer publications of the series order them chronologically in regards to the storyline. There is debate as to whether this was an appropriate change.
The term prequel is often used to describe any work with a sequel. This is contrary to the term's original meaning, which defines a prequel as a ''type'' of sequel, not the converse ''of'' a sequel. For example, '' (Episode I, 1999) is a prequel to '' (Episode VI, 1983), but not to '' (Episode II, 2002).
''Batman Begins'' is sometimes mistakenly said to be a prequel to four earlier Batman films: ''Batman'', ''Batman Returns'', ''Batman Forever'' and ''Batman & Robin''. However, the film has no connection to the Tim Burton / Joel Schumacher franchise and the film even has a sequel coming out in 2008 titled ''The Dark Knight'', which will feature The Joker who has appeared before in the original.
★ Sequel
★ Threquel
★ Back story
★ Retcon
★ Film series
1. http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0753507552/026-6461270-1692445?v=glance&n=266239
2. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069007
3. "The term has recently slipped into common usage with its popularization by the advent of ''" wrote Chris Deever. Truth in Cinema, May 28, 2001
4. Many would argue that the principal plot structures in ''The Silmarillion'' were devised long before ''The Hobbit'', and that the latter was incorporated into an existing structure, meaning the work, although published later, is not a prequel in the strict sense of the word.
5. ''The Godfather Part II'' is both a prequel and sequel to the original ''Godfather'', as it portrays events that occurred before the first film and also after it.
6. Exactly like the case of ''The Godfather Part II'', ''Infernal Affairs III'' is both a prequel and sequel to the original film.
7. Since ''Alien vs. Predator'' is set before the ''Alien'' movie series, but chronologically after the ''Predator'' series, this movie is both a sequel and a prequel.
8. '' and '' are separate films that tell essentially the same story. See their respective articles for more information.
According to OED the word ''prequel'' first appeared in print in 1958 in an article by Anthony Boucher in ''The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction''. It appears to have first come into general use in the early 1970s, in which its first known, traceable use is in the original press pack for ''The Godfather Part II'',[1] where it is used to describe the sections of the film which take place before the events of ''The Godfather''.
According to IMDb, the first prequel in film was ''The Nightcomers'' (1972)[2] based on the book by Henry James, prequeling all the previously made movies based on his novel ''The Turn of the Screw''.
Francis Ford Coppola credits George Lucas with devising the term which Lucas and Steven Spielberg later used to describe their joint project ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' (which also occurred before the events of the first Indiana Jones film) during publicity for its release.
Lucas's own ''Star Wars'' prequel trilogy greatly popularized the term in American culture.[3]
Another popular cinematic prequel is ''The Godfather, Part II''. This film is both sequel and prequel, since it intercuts the further story of the Corleone mafia family under the leadership of Michael Corleone with the story of his father Vito Corleone in his youth.
Like sequels, prequels may or may not concern the same plot as the work from which they are derived. Often, they explain the background which led to the events in the original, but sometimes the connections are not as explicit. Sometimes, prequels play on the fact that the audience knows what will happen next, using deliberate references to create dramatic irony.
The idea of a prequel is not new. The libretti for the four operas of Richard Wagner's ''Ring Cycle'' – ''Das Rheingold'', ''Die Walküre'', ''Siegfried'' and ''Götterdämmerung'' – were written in reverse order, making each opera a prequel to the preceding one.
Another example of a prequel in C. S. Lewis' ''The Chronicles of Narnia'' is ''The Magician's Nephew'', a prequel to ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' which was written first. Though originally they were unplanned and unnumbered, many newer publications of the series order them chronologically in regards to the storyline. There is debate as to whether this was an appropriate change.
The term prequel is often used to describe any work with a sequel. This is contrary to the term's original meaning, which defines a prequel as a ''type'' of sequel, not the converse ''of'' a sequel. For example, '' (Episode I, 1999) is a prequel to '' (Episode VI, 1983), but not to '' (Episode II, 2002).
''Batman Begins'' is sometimes mistakenly said to be a prequel to four earlier Batman films: ''Batman'', ''Batman Returns'', ''Batman Forever'' and ''Batman & Robin''. However, the film has no connection to the Tim Burton / Joel Schumacher franchise and the film even has a sequel coming out in 2008 titled ''The Dark Knight'', which will feature The Joker who has appeared before in the original.
| Contents |
| List of prequels |
| Literature |
| Plays |
| Films |
| Television |
| Computer and video games |
| Manga and anime |
| Cross-media |
| See also |
| References |
List of prequels
Literature
| Prequel | Original |
|---|---|
| ''Wide Sargasso Sea'' (1966) | ''Jane Eyre'' (1847) |
| ''The Magician's Nephew'' (1955) | ''The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'' (1950) |
| ''The Silmarillion '' (1977)[4] | ''The Hobbit'' (1937) ''The Lord of the Rings'' (1954 - 1955) |
| ''The Dark Elf Trilogy'' (1990, 1991) | ''The Icewind Dale Trilogy'' (1988, 1989, 1990) |
| ''First King of Shannara'' | ''The Sword of Shannara'' (1977) |
| ''Prelude to Foundation'' (1988) ''Forward the Foundation'' (1993) | Foundation (1951) |
| ''Prelude to Dune'' (1999–2001) ''Legends of Dune'' (2002–2004) | ''Dune'' (1965) |
| ''Wicked'' (1995) | ''The Wonderful Wizard of Oz'' (1900) |
| ''New Spring'' (1999) | ''The Wheel of Time'' (1990–) |
| ''Hannibal Rising'' (2006) | ''Red Dragon'' (1981) ''The Silence of the Lambs'' (1988) ''Hannibal'' (1999) |
| '' |
Plays
| Prequel | Original |
|---|---|
| ''The Mystery of Hamlet King of Denmark'' (1949) | ''Hamlet'' (circa 1600) |
Films
| Prequel(s) | Original(s) |
|---|---|
| ''The Godfather Part II'' (1974)[5] | ''The Godfather'' (1972) |
| '' (1979) | ''Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid'' (1969) |
| ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' (1984) | ''Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Ark'' (1981) |
| '' (1999) '' (2002) '' (2005) | '' (1977) '' (1980) '' (1983) |
| '''' | '' |
| ''The Little Mermaid III'' (2008) | ''The Little Mermaid'' (1989) '' (2000) |
| ''The Scorpion King'' (2002) | ''The Mummy'' (1999) ''The Mummy Returns'' (2001) |
| '' Hannibal Rising'' (2007) | ''Manhunter'' (1986) ''The Silence of the Lambs'' (1991) ''Hannibal'' (2001) |
| '' (2003) | ''Dumb & Dumber'' (1994) |
| ''Infernal Affairs II'' (2003) ''Infernal Affairs III'' (2003)[6] | ''Infernal Affairs'' (2002) |
| '' (2003) | ''Tremors'' (1990) '' (1996) '' (2001) |
| ''The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas'' (2000) | ''The Flintstones'' (1994) |
| '' (2005) | ''Stitch! The Movie'' (2003) '' (2003-2006) |
| '' '' (1982) | ''The Amityville Horror (1979 film) |
| ''Cruel Intentions 2'' (2000) | ''Cruel Intentions'' (1999) |
| ''Alien vs. Predator'' (2004)[7] '' (2007) | ''Alien'' (1979) ''Aliens'' (1986) ''Alien³'' (1993) '' (1997) |
| '' (2004)[8] '' (2005)8 | ''The Exorcist'' (1973) |
| ''Cube Zero'' (2004) | ''Cube'' (1997) '' (2002) |
| '' (2005) | ''Carlito's Way'' (1993) |
| '' (2006) | ''The Texas Chinsaw Massacre'' (2003) |
| The Chronicles of Riddick | |
| '' (2000) (Japanese Version) | ''Ring'' (1998) ''Rasen'' (1999) ''Ring 2'' (1999) |
| ''The Ring 3'' (2007) (American Version) | ''The Ring'' (2002) ''The Ring Two'' (2005) |
Television
| Prequel | Original(s) |
|---|---|
| '' (2001–2005) | '' (1966–1969) '' (1973–1974) '' (1987–1994) '' (1993–1999) '' (1995–2001) |
| ''First of the Summer Wine'' (1988–89) | ''Last of the Summer Wine'' (1973–) |
| ''Endless Road SSX'' (1982) | ''Space Pirate Captain Harlock'' (1978–1979) |
| ''Etheria'' (2005–) | ''Encantadia'' (May 2005–December 2005) |
| ''Caprica'' (2008) | ''Battlestar Galactica'' (miniseries) (2003)''Battlestar Galactica'' (2004–) |
| ''Clifford's Puppy Days'' (2003 - current) | ''Clifford the Big Red Dog'' (2001 - 2003) |
| ''Young Hercules'' (1998 - 1999) | '' (1995 - 1999) |
Computer and video games
| Prequel(s) | Original(s) |
|---|---|
| '' (1995) ''Yoshi's Story'' (1998) ''Yoshi's Touch & Go'' (2005) ''Yoshi's Island DS'' (2006) | ''Super Mario Bros.'' (1985) ''Super Mario Bros. 2'' (1988) ''Super Mario Bros. 3'' (1990) ''Super Mario World'' (1991) ''Super Mario 64'' (1996) |
| '' (2004) '' (2006) | ''Metal Gear'' (1987) '' (1990) ''Metal Gear Solid'' (1998) '' (2001)'' (2008) |
| '' (TBA) | ''Dead or Alive'' (1996) ''Dead or Alive 2'' (1999) ''Dead or Alive 3'' (2001) ''Dead or Alive 4'' (2005) |
| '' (1991)'' (sequel to A Link to a Past) (1993) | ''The Legend of Zelda'' (1986) '' (1987) |
| '' (2005) | '' (2002) '' (2004) |
| ''Compilation of Final Fantasy VII'' (2004) '' (TBA) | ''Final Fantasy 7'' (1997) ''Final Fantasy VII Advent Children'' (2005) '' (2006) |
| '' (2005) | ''Devil May Cry'' (2001) ''Devil May Cry 2'' (2003)''Devil May Cry 4'' (2007) |
| ''Resident Evil Zero'' (2002) | ''Resident Evil'' (1996) ''Resident Evil 2'' (1998) '' (1999) '' (2000) ''Resident Evil 4'' (2005) ''Resident Evil 5'' (2009) |
| ''Suikoden IV'' (2005) ''Suikoden Tactics'' (2005) ''Suikoden V'' (2006) | ''Suikoden'' (1996) ''Suikoden II'' (1999) ''Suikoden III'' (2002) |
| ''Samurai Shodown V'' (2005) | ''Samurai Shodown'' (1993) ''Samurai Shodown III'' (1995) ''Samurai Shodown IV'' (1996) ''Samurai Shodown II'' (1994) |
| ''Tenchu 2: Birth of the Stealth Assassins'' (2000) | ''Tenchu: Stealth Assassins'' (1998) |
| ''Halo Wars'' (TBA) | '' (2001) ''Halo 2'' (2004) ''Halo 3'' (2007) |
| '' (1997) | ''Mortal Kombat'' (1992) ''Mortal Kombat 2'' (1993) ''Mortal Kombat 3'' (1995) ''Mortal Kombat 4'' (1997) |
| '' (2002) '' (2004) ''Grand Theft Auto Advance'' (2004) '' (2005) '' (2006) | ''Grand Theft Auto III'' (2001) |
| '' (1996) | '' (1995) |
| '' (2003) | ''Fatal Frame'' (2002) |
| '' (1996) | ''Lufia and The Fortress of Doom'' (1993) |
| '' (2006) | ''(2004) |
| '' (2004) | '' (2000) '' (2002) |
| '' (2006) | '' (1999, 2006) |
| ''Tales of Symphonia'' (2004) | ''Tales of Phantasia'' (1994, 1998, 2003) |
| '' (2003) | '' (2002) |
| ''Battletoads'' (Game Boy) (1992) | ''Battletoads'' (released as ''Battletoads in Ragnarok World'' on Game Boy) (1991) |
| ''Dragon Quest III'' (1988) | ''Dragon Quest I'' (1986) ''Dragon Quest II'' (1987) |
| ''Dragon Quest Yangus'' (2006) | ''Dragon Quest VIII'' (2004) |
| ''Zork Zero'' (1988) | '' Zork I (1980) '' Zork II (1981) '' Zork III (1982) |
| ''Perfect Dark Zero'' (2005) | ''Perfect Dark'' (2000) |
| '' (2003) ''Castlevania Legends'' (prequel to ''Dracula's Curse'', later retconned) (1997) '' (1990) '' (sequel to ''Dracula's Curse) (2005)'' (1989)'' (sequel to ''The Adventure'') (1991) | ''Castlevania'' (plus remakes) (1986) '' (1987) '' (2002) ''Akumajō Dracula X Chi no Rondo'' (remade as '') (1993) '' (sequel to ''Dracula X'') (1997) '' (2001) '' (prequel to ''Castlevania 64'') (2000) ''Castlevania'' (also known as ''Castlevania 64'') (1999)'' (1994) '' (sequel to ''Bloodlines'') (2006) '' (2003) '' (2005) |
| '' ( 2005, 2006) | '' ( 2004, 2005) |
| '' (2005) | '' ( 1992, 1993) '' ( 1994, 1995) |
| ''Daxter'' (2006) | ''Jak II'' (2003) |
Manga and anime
| Prequel(s) | Original(s) |
|---|---|
| ''Fist of the Blue Sky'' (2001-current) | ''Fist of the North Star'' (1983-1988) |
| ''Rozen Maiden: Ouvertüre'' (2006) | ''Rozen Maiden'' (2004) ''Rozen Maiden: Träumend'' (2005–2006) |
| '' (2001–current) | ''Hellsing'' (1997–current) |
Cross-media
| Prequel(s) | Original(s) |
|---|---|
| '' (1992) (film) | ''Twin Peaks'' (1990-1991) (television series) |
| '' (1985, 1986) (animated television series) | '' (1980) (film) '' (1983) (film) |
| ''The Young Indiana Jones Chronicles'' (1992-1996) (television series) | ''Raiders of the Lost Ark'' (1981) (film) ''Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom'' (1984) (film) ''Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade'' (1989) (film) |
| '' (2001) (novel) | '' (2001) (video game) '' (2003) (novel) ''Halo 2'' (2004) (video game) ''Halo 3'' (2007) (video game) |
| '' (2003) (video game) '' (2004, 2005) (video game) | '' (1999) (film) '' (2002) (film) '' (2005) (film) '' (1977) (film) '' (1980) (film) '' (1983) (film) |
| ''The Warriors'' (2005) (video game) | '' The Warriors'' (1979) (film) |
| '' ''(2005) (video game) | ''The Nightmare Before Christmas'' (1993) (film) '' (2005) (video game) |
| '' (2007) | ''The Hills Have Eyes'' (2006) ''The Hills Have Eyes 2'' (2007) |
See also
★ Sequel
★ Threquel
★ Back story
★ Retcon
★ Film series
References
1. http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/0753507552/026-6461270-1692445?v=glance&n=266239
2. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0069007
3. "The term has recently slipped into common usage with its popularization by the advent of ''" wrote Chris Deever. Truth in Cinema, May 28, 2001
4. Many would argue that the principal plot structures in ''The Silmarillion'' were devised long before ''The Hobbit'', and that the latter was incorporated into an existing structure, meaning the work, although published later, is not a prequel in the strict sense of the word.
5. ''The Godfather Part II'' is both a prequel and sequel to the original ''Godfather'', as it portrays events that occurred before the first film and also after it.
6. Exactly like the case of ''The Godfather Part II'', ''Infernal Affairs III'' is both a prequel and sequel to the original film.
7. Since ''Alien vs. Predator'' is set before the ''Alien'' movie series, but chronologically after the ''Predator'' series, this movie is both a sequel and a prequel.
8. '' and '' are separate films that tell essentially the same story. See their respective articles for more information.
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