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EspañolPRESENT TENSE
:''This article is about the grammatical tense. For the album by Sagittarius (band), see Present Tense. For the Pearl Jam song, see Present Tense (song).
:''For referencing in Wikipedia, see .''
The 'present tense' is the tense (that is, the form of the verb) that may be used to express:
★ action at the present time;
★ a state of being;
★ a habitual action;
★ an occurrence in the near future; or
★ an action that occurred in the past and continues up to the present.
There are two common types of present tenses to be found in most Indo-European languages: the present indicative (i.e., the combination of present tense and indicative mood) and the present subjunctive (i.e., the combination of present tense and subjunctive mood).
English, like other Germanic languages, has two tenses, past and non-past. These tenses have several aspects. The present tense aspects comprise:
★ 'present simple', which is used to describe both habits and or routines (''I eat breakfast every morning at 6:30. I go to work everyday''), and general facts (''The earth revolves around the sun'');
★ 'present progressive' or 'present continuous', which is used to describe events happening now, e.g. ''I am reading this wiki article, and I am thinking about editing it'';
★ 'present perfect', which is used to describe events or actions that have been completed with respect to the present, e.g. ''I have read and edited numerous wiki articles before this one'';
★ 'present perfect progressive', which is used to describe events or actions that have begun at some point in the past and continue through the present, e.g. ''I have been reading this article for some time now''.
The conjugation of the present indicative tense in regular verbs is as follows:
In Spanish, the present tense is used similarly to that of English. What follows is an example of present tense conjugation in Spanish.
In French, the present tense is used similarly to that of English. Below is an example of present tense conjugation in French.
To express (and emphasise) the present continuous, expressions such as "en train de" or "en cours de" may be used. For example, ''Jean est 'en train de' manger'', may be translated as ''John is eating, John is in the middle of eating.'' ''On est 'en train de' chercher un nouvel appartement'' may be translated as ''We're looking for a new apartment, we're in the process of finding a new apartment.''
In German, the present tense is used in a similar fashion. Here is an example of present tense conjugation in German:
In Italian, the present tense is used almost identically to that of English. What follows is an example of present indicative tense conjugation in Italian.
In Portuguese regular verbs, the present tense is conjugated according to the model below:
In Portuguese, one sometimes uses the present tense where in English one would use the present continuous. The present tense is used with a future sense more often than in English.
In Latin, the present tense can be translated as being progressive or simple. Below is an example of present indicative tense conjugation in Latin.
In Bulgarian, the present indicative tense of imperfective verbs is used very similarly to that of English. It can also be used as present progressive. Below is an example of present indicative tense conjugation in Bulgarian.
'
★ 'Archaic, no infinitive in the modern language.
In Finnish, the pronouns have their own ending in the verb. These verbs may be used by themselves, without the pronoun (except he/she=hän).
★ Future tense
★ Past tense
★ Grammatical aspect
★ SVO-p
★ [1] Simple Present Tense
★ [2] Complete descriptions of the English Tenses
★ [3] English grammar worksheets
:''For referencing in Wikipedia, see .''
The 'present tense' is the tense (that is, the form of the verb) that may be used to express:
★ action at the present time;
★ a state of being;
★ a habitual action;
★ an occurrence in the near future; or
★ an action that occurred in the past and continues up to the present.
There are two common types of present tenses to be found in most Indo-European languages: the present indicative (i.e., the combination of present tense and indicative mood) and the present subjunctive (i.e., the combination of present tense and subjunctive mood).
English present tense
English, like other Germanic languages, has two tenses, past and non-past. These tenses have several aspects. The present tense aspects comprise:
★ 'present simple', which is used to describe both habits and or routines (''I eat breakfast every morning at 6:30. I go to work everyday''), and general facts (''The earth revolves around the sun'');
★ 'present progressive' or 'present continuous', which is used to describe events happening now, e.g. ''I am reading this wiki article, and I am thinking about editing it'';
★ 'present perfect', which is used to describe events or actions that have been completed with respect to the present, e.g. ''I have read and edited numerous wiki articles before this one'';
★ 'present perfect progressive', which is used to describe events or actions that have begun at some point in the past and continue through the present, e.g. ''I have been reading this article for some time now''.
The conjugation of the present indicative tense in regular verbs is as follows:
| to walk | |
|---|---|
| ''I'' | walk |
| ''you'' | walk |
| ''he/she/it'' | walks |
| ''we'' | walk |
| ''they'' | walk |
Spanish present indicative tense
In Spanish, the present tense is used similarly to that of English. What follows is an example of present tense conjugation in Spanish.
| hablar | comer | insistir | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ''yo'' | hablo | como | insisto |
| ''tú'' | hablas | comes | insistes |
| ''él /ella /usted'' | habla | come | insiste |
| ''nosotros'' | hablamos | comemos | insistimos |
| ''vosotros'' | habláis | coméis | insistís |
| ''ustedes'' | hablan | comen | insisten |
| ''ellos /ellas'' | hablan | comen | insisten |
French present indicative tense
In French, the present tense is used similarly to that of English. Below is an example of present tense conjugation in French.
| parler | prendre | finir | partir | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ''je'' | parle | prends | finis | pars |
| ''tu'' | parles | prends | finis | pars |
| ''il/elle/on'' | parle | prend | finit | part |
| ''nous'' | parlons | prenons | finissons | partons |
| ''vous'' | parlez | prenez | finissez | partez |
| ''ils/elles'' | parlent | prennent | finissent | partent |
To express (and emphasise) the present continuous, expressions such as "en train de" or "en cours de" may be used. For example, ''Jean est 'en train de' manger'', may be translated as ''John is eating, John is in the middle of eating.'' ''On est 'en train de' chercher un nouvel appartement'' may be translated as ''We're looking for a new apartment, we're in the process of finding a new apartment.''
German present indicative tense
In German, the present tense is used in a similar fashion. Here is an example of present tense conjugation in German:
| gehen | sprechen | finden | laufen | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ''ich'' | gehe | spreche | finde | laufe |
| ''du'' | gehst | sprichst | findest | läufst |
| ''er/sie/es'' | geht | spricht | findet | läuft |
| ''wir'' | gehen | sprechen | finden | laufen |
| ''ihr'' | geht | sprecht | findet | lauft |
| ''sie'' | gehen | sprechen | finden | laufen |
Italian present indicative tense
In Italian, the present tense is used almost identically to that of English. What follows is an example of present indicative tense conjugation in Italian.
| guardare | credere | partire | finire | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ''io'' | guardo | credo | parto | finisco |
| ''tu'' | guardi | credi | parti | finisci |
| ''lui/lei/egli/ella'' | guarda | crede | parte | finisce |
| ''noi'' | guardiamo | crediamo | partiamo | finiamo |
| ''voi'' | guardate | credete | partite | finite |
| ''loro'' | guardano | credono | partono | finiscono |
Portuguese present indicative tense
In Portuguese regular verbs, the present tense is conjugated according to the model below:
| acabar | comer | partir | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ''eu'' | acabo | como | parto |
| ''tu'' | acabas | coes | partes |
| ''ele/ela/você'' | acaba | come | parte |
| ''nós'' | acabamos | comemos | partimos |
| ''vós'' | acabais | comeis | partis |
| ''eles/elas/vocês'' | acabam | comem | partem |
In Portuguese, one sometimes uses the present tense where in English one would use the present continuous. The present tense is used with a future sense more often than in English.
Latin present indicative tense
In Latin, the present tense can be translated as being progressive or simple. Below is an example of present indicative tense conjugation in Latin.
| plicāre | debēre | dicere | cupere | scīre | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ''Ego'' | plicō | debeō | dīcō | cupiō | sciō |
| ''Tu'' | plicās | debēs | dīcis | cupis | scīs |
| ''Is, Ea, Id'' | plicat | debet | dicit | cupit | scit |
| ''Nos'' | plicāmus | debēmus | dīcimus | cupimus | scīmus |
| ''Vos'' | plicātis | debētis | dīcitis | cupitis | scītis |
| ''Ei, Eae, Ea'' | plicant | debent | dīcunt | cupiunt | sciunt |
Bulgarian present indicative tense
In Bulgarian, the present indicative tense of imperfective verbs is used very similarly to that of English. It can also be used as present progressive. Below is an example of present indicative tense conjugation in Bulgarian.
| писати ★ | говорити ★ | искати ★ | отваряти ★ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ''аз'' | пиша | говоря | искам | отварям |
| ''ти'' | пишеш | говориш | искаш | отваряш |
| ''той, тя, то'' | пише | говори | иска | отваря |
| ''ние'' | пишем | говорим | искаме | отваряме |
| ''вие'' | пишете | говорите | искате | отваряте |
| ''те'' | пишат | говорят | искат | отварят |
'
★ 'Archaic, no infinitive in the modern language.
Finnish present indicative tense
In Finnish, the pronouns have their own ending in the verb. These verbs may be used by themselves, without the pronoun (except he/she=hän).
| olla | laskea | antaa | katsoa | vapista | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ''minä'' | olen | lasken | annan | katson | vapisen |
| ''sinä'' | olet | lasket | annat | katsot | vapiset |
| ''hän, se'' | on | laskee | antaa | katsoo | vapisee |
| ''me'' | olemme | laskemme | annamme | katsomme | vapisemme |
| ''te'' | olette | laskette | annatte | katsotte | vapisette |
| ''he, ne'' | ovat | laskevat | antavat | katsovat | vapisevat |
See also
★ Future tense
★ Past tense
★ Grammatical aspect
★ SVO-p
External links
★ [1] Simple Present Tense
★ [2] Complete descriptions of the English Tenses
★ [3] English grammar worksheets
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