RULERS OF TRANSYLVANIA
(Redirected from Prince of Transylvania)
List of rulers of 'Transylvania', from the first mention of a ruler in the tenth century, until 1918.
The administration of the eastern parts of the Hungarian Kingdom referred as ''Partes Transsylvana'' was in the hands of a voivod appointed by the King. The word voivod or voievod first appeared in historical documents in 1193. Prior to that, the term ispán was used for the chief official of the County of Alba. The whole historical territory of Transylvania came under the jurisdiction of the voievod after 1263, when the functions of Count of Szolnok (Doboka) and Count of Alba were terminated.
The Voivode of Transylvania (woyuoda Transsiluanus) was one of the barons of the kingdom. The voivode was, in effect, a territorial governor or viceroy appointed by the Hungarian crown. He was also the chief magistrate and military commander of Transylvania's (seven) counties (except some administrative untis eg free royal cities, Universitas Saxorum and Szekelyland), and this power inevitably drew the Székely and Saxon territories into his sphere of influence however these territories were governed by counts who were nominally independent of the voivode.
In the 16th century, the conflict between Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire allowed Transylvania to gain a certain indepedence until it was finally integrated until the Habsburg Monarchy around 1700. The Habsburg rulers continued to use the title of ''Prince of Transylvania'' (and later ''Grand Prince of Transylvania'') as part of their official title until the end of their monarchy. The territory was administered by an appointed governor until 1867, when it was dissolved as an administrative unit in the wake of the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich of 1867 and integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary. At the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1919, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Romania. It was divided between Romania and Hungary in 1940 but reverted back to Romania in 1945.
List of rulers of 'Transylvania', from the first mention of a ruler in the tenth century, until 1918.
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| Overview |
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Overview
The administration of the eastern parts of the Hungarian Kingdom referred as ''Partes Transsylvana'' was in the hands of a voivod appointed by the King. The word voivod or voievod first appeared in historical documents in 1193. Prior to that, the term ispán was used for the chief official of the County of Alba. The whole historical territory of Transylvania came under the jurisdiction of the voievod after 1263, when the functions of Count of Szolnok (Doboka) and Count of Alba were terminated.
The Voivode of Transylvania (woyuoda Transsiluanus) was one of the barons of the kingdom. The voivode was, in effect, a territorial governor or viceroy appointed by the Hungarian crown. He was also the chief magistrate and military commander of Transylvania's (seven) counties (except some administrative untis eg free royal cities, Universitas Saxorum and Szekelyland), and this power inevitably drew the Székely and Saxon territories into his sphere of influence however these territories were governed by counts who were nominally independent of the voivode.
In the 16th century, the conflict between Habsburgs and the Ottoman Empire allowed Transylvania to gain a certain indepedence until it was finally integrated until the Habsburg Monarchy around 1700. The Habsburg rulers continued to use the title of ''Prince of Transylvania'' (and later ''Grand Prince of Transylvania'') as part of their official title until the end of their monarchy. The territory was administered by an appointed governor until 1867, when it was dissolved as an administrative unit in the wake of the Austro-Hungarian Ausgleich of 1867 and integrated into the Kingdom of Hungary. At the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in 1919, Transylvania became part of the Kingdom of Romania. It was divided between Romania and Hungary in 1940 but reverted back to Romania in 1945.
List
| Affiliation | Ruler | Years | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gelou (Gyula the Old) | ? – 904 | ''"Gelou Dux Ultrasilvanus"'' | |
| Tuhutum | 904 - ? | ||
| Prokuj (Gyula the Young) | ? – 1003 | Ruler of the upper Tisza region and northern Transylvania. Defeated by Stephen I of Hungary | |
| Kean | voivode of the southern Transylvanian bolgars, defeated by Stephen I of Hungary c. 1003-1015 | ||
| Arpads | St. Stephen ''(István)'' | 1003–1038 | first Christian King of Hungary (1000), maternal grandson of Gyula the Old, defeated Gyula the Young and Kean |
| 'Voivods under the Kings of Hungary' | |||
| Mercurius | c. 1110 | ||
| Leustachius | 1176–1199 | ||
| Legforus | 1199–1200 | ||
| Eth | ? | ||
| Gyula I | ?–1201 | ||
| Benedict | 1201–1206 | ||
| Smaragd | 1206 | ||
| Benedict | 1206–1209 | ||
| Michael | 1209–1211 | ||
| Bertold of Andechs-Meran, Archbishop | 1211–1213 | ||
| Miklos I | 1213 | ||
| Gyula I | 1213 | ||
| Simeon | 1213–1215 | ||
| Hippolitus | 1215–1217 | ||
| Raphael | 1217–1218 | ||
| Neka | 1218–1221 | ||
| Paul | 1221–1231 | ||
| Gyula II | 1230–1233 | ||
| Dennis | 1233–1234 | ||
| András I | 1234–1235 | ||
| Posza | 1235–1240 | ||
| '''First Mongol invasion' 1240-1242'' | |||
| Lawrence | 1242–1252 | ||
| ''Interregnum'' | 1252–1261 | ||
| Ereny Akos | 1261 | ||
| Arpads | Stephen Arpád | 1261–1270 | |
| Matyas | 1270–1272 | ||
| Miklos | 1272–1273 | ||
| John | 1273–1274 | ||
| Miklos | 1274–1275 | ||
| Ladislas Borsza | 1275 | ||
| Ugrin | 1275–1276 | ||
| Matyas | 1276–1277 | ||
| Miklos Pok | 1277 | ||
| Aba | 1278–1279 | ||
| Stephen | 1280 | ||
| Roland Borsza | 1281–1282 | ||
| Apor Pecz | 1283 | ||
| Roland Borsza | 1284–1285 | ||
| '''Second Mongol invasion' 1284-1285, followed by 'direct Hungarian rule' 1285-1288'' | |||
| Roland Borsza | 1288–1294 | opposed Hungarian rule | |
| Ladislas II Kan | 1294–1315 | opposed Hungarian rule | |
| 'Voivods under the Kings of Hungary' | |||
| Miklos Meggyesi Pok | 1315–1318 | ||
| Doja of Debrecen | 1318–1321 | ||
| Thomas of Szecseny | 1322–1342 | ||
| Miklos of Siroka | 1342–1344 | ||
| Lackfi | Stephen Lackfi | 1344–1350 | |
| Lackfi | Thomas Csor | 1350 | |
| Miklos Konth | 1351–1356 | ||
| Lackfi | András Lackfi | 1356–1359 | |
| Lackfi | Dionys Lackfi | 1360–1367 | |
| Lackfi | Nicolae Lackfi | 1367-1368 | |
| Lackfi | Emeric Lackfi | 1368–1372 | |
| Lackfi | Stephen Lackfi | 1373–1376 | brother of Emeric |
| Ladislau de Losoncz | 1376–1391 | ||
| Emeric Bebek I | 1392–1393 | ||
| Frank de Szècsèny | 1392–1393 | ||
| Stibor of Stiboricz | 1395–1401 | ||
| Miklos Csaki & Nicolae Marczali | 1401–1403 | ||
| Ioan Tamasi & Iacob Lackfi | 1403–1409 | ||
| Stibor of Stiboricz | 1410–1414 | ||
| Nicolae Csaki | 1415–1426 | ||
| Ladislau IV. Csaki | 1426–1437 | son of Nicolae Csaki | |
| Petru Cseh | 1436–1438 | ||
| Desideriu de Losoncz | 1441-1440 | ||
| Ladislau V. Jakcs | January 1441 | ||
| John Hunyadi ''(János Hunyadi)'' | 1441–1446 | ||
| Emeric Bebek I & Nicolae de Ujlak | 1446–1447 | ||
| Emeric Bebek II & John Hunyadi | May-October 1448 | ||
| Ioan de Rozgony | 1449-1460 | ||
| Nicolae de Ujlak | 1449-1458 | ||
| Sebastian de Rozgony | 1458-1461 | ||
| Nicolae de Ujlak | 1460 | ||
| Ladislau de Kanizsa | 1460 | ||
| Nicolae de Ujlak & Ioan Pongracz de Dindeleag | 1462-1465 | ||
| Sigismund de Szentgyörgy & Ioan de Szentgyörgy | 1465-1467 | ||
| Ioan Pongracz de Dindeleag & Nicolae Csupor | 1468–1472 | ||
| Blasius Magyar |
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