'Protocol II': Additional to the Geneva Conventions of
12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts.
As of
14 January 2007 it had been ratified by 163 countries, with the
United States,
Israel,
Iran,
Pakistan and
Afghanistan and
Iraq being notable exceptions. However, the United States, Iran and Pakistan signed it on
12 December 1977 with the intention of ratifying it.
A number of the articles contained in both protocols are recognized as rules of customary law valid for all states, whether or not they have ratified them.
[1]
Introduction
Protocol II is an amendment to the
Geneva Conventions.
Adopted on
June 8,
1977 by the ''Diplomatic Conference on the Reaffirmation and Development of
International Humanitarian Law applicable in Armed Conflicts'' presided over by
Pierre Graber of
Switzerland. The protocol entered into force on
December 7,
1979 (six months after its adoption by the conference) for the original signatories, and otherwise does so six months after a party's ratification.
See also
★
Geneva Conventions
★
First Geneva Convention of
1864 on the treatment of battlefield casualties
★
Second Geneva Convention of
1906 on the treatment of casualties in
war at sea
★
Third Geneva Convention of
1929 on the treatment of
prisoners of war
★
Fourth Geneva Convention of
1949 on the treatment of
civilians during wartime
★
Protocol I,
1977 Geneva Convention amendment about the protection of victims in international conflicts
★
Protocol III,
2005 Geneva Convention amendment about the adoption of the
Red Crystal emblem
External links
★
Committee of the Red Cross: Full text of Protocol II with commentaries
★
List of countries that have ratified Protocol II
★
List of countries that have signed but not yet ratified Protocol II
★
International Review of the Red Cross, 1997 - No. 320 Special issue: 20th anniversary of the 1977 Additional Protocols
★
President Reagan's message to the Senate on Protocols I & II
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