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EspañolRED BOOK (AUDIO CD STANDARD)
:''For other uses, see Red Book.''
'Red Book' is the standard for audio CDs ('Compact Disc Digital Audio' system, or 'CDDA'). It is named after one of a set of color-bound books that contain the technical specifications for all CD and CD-ROM formats.
The first edition of the Red Book was released in June 1980 by Philips and Sony; it was adopted by the Digital Audio Disc Committee and ratified as IEC 908. The standard is not freely available and must be licensed from Philips. At the time of writing, the cost per the relevant Philips order form [1] is US$5,000. As of 2006, the IEC 908 document is now known as IEC 60908 and is also available as a PDF download for $210.[2]
The basic specifications[3] state that
# Maximum playing time is 78 minutes (including pauses)
# Minimum time limit for a track is 4 seconds
# Maximum number of tracks is 99
# Maximum number of index points (subdivisions of a track) is 99 with no minimum time limit
# International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) should be recorded on CD-Rs to appear on the replicated discs
The Red Book specifies the physical parameters and properties of the CD, the optical "stylus" parameters, deviations and error rate, modulation system (Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation, EFM) and error correction (Cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon coding, CIRC), and subcode channels and graphics.
It also specifies the form of digital audio encoding (2-channel signed 16-bit PCM sampled at 44100 Hz).
The frequency response of audio CD, from 20 Hz to 20 kHz
Bit rate = 44100 samples/s × 16 bit/sample × 2 channels = 1411.2 kbit/s (more than 10 MB per minute)
Sample values range from -32768 to +32767.
On the disc, the data are stored in sectors of 2352 bytes each, read at 75 sectors/s. Onto this is added the overhead of EFM, CIRC, L2 ECC, and so on, but these are not typically exposed to the application reading the disc.
By comparison, the bit rate of a "1x" ''data'' CD is defined as 2048 bytes/sector × 75 sectors/s = exactly 150 KiB/s = about 8.8 MiB per minute.
Some major recording publishers have begun to sell CDs that violate the Red Book standard. Some do so for the purpose of copy prevention, using systems like Copy Control. Some do so for extra features such as DualDisc, which includes both a CD-layer and a DVD-layer whereby the CD-layer is much thinner, 0.9 mm, than required by the Red Book, which stipulates 1.2 mm. Philips and many other companies have warned them that including the Compact Disc Digital Audio logo on such non-conforming discs may constitute trademark infringement. Either in anticipation or in response, the long-familiar logo is no longer to be seen on recent copy-protected CDs, as well as stickers and warnings that the CD is not standard and may not play in all CD players.
★ Extended Copy Protection — source of the Sony DRM scandal
★ DRM (computing)
★ Four-channel compact disc digital audio
★ Philips' Audio Standards licensing info
★ IEC 60908 publication info
1. Document no. 28/10/04-3122 783 0027 2
2. http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/product.asp?sku=IEC+60908+Ed.+2.0+b%3A1999
3. http://www.commonerarecords.com/doubledisc/cdmastering/redbookspecs.html
'Red Book' is the standard for audio CDs ('Compact Disc Digital Audio' system, or 'CDDA'). It is named after one of a set of color-bound books that contain the technical specifications for all CD and CD-ROM formats.
The first edition of the Red Book was released in June 1980 by Philips and Sony; it was adopted by the Digital Audio Disc Committee and ratified as IEC 908. The standard is not freely available and must be licensed from Philips. At the time of writing, the cost per the relevant Philips order form [1] is US$5,000. As of 2006, the IEC 908 document is now known as IEC 60908 and is also available as a PDF download for $210.[2]
| Contents |
| Redbook Audio Specifications |
| Technical details |
| Copy prevention |
| See also |
| External links |
| References |
Redbook Audio Specifications
The basic specifications[3] state that
# Maximum playing time is 78 minutes (including pauses)
# Minimum time limit for a track is 4 seconds
# Maximum number of tracks is 99
# Maximum number of index points (subdivisions of a track) is 99 with no minimum time limit
# International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) should be recorded on CD-Rs to appear on the replicated discs
Technical details
The pits in a CD are 500 nm wide, between 830 nm and 3,000 nm long and 150 nm deep.
The Red Book specifies the physical parameters and properties of the CD, the optical "stylus" parameters, deviations and error rate, modulation system (Eight-to-Fourteen Modulation, EFM) and error correction (Cross-interleaved Reed-Solomon coding, CIRC), and subcode channels and graphics.
It also specifies the form of digital audio encoding (2-channel signed 16-bit PCM sampled at 44100 Hz).
The frequency response of audio CD, from 20 Hz to 20 kHz
Bit rate = 44100 samples/s × 16 bit/sample × 2 channels = 1411.2 kbit/s (more than 10 MB per minute)
Sample values range from -32768 to +32767.
On the disc, the data are stored in sectors of 2352 bytes each, read at 75 sectors/s. Onto this is added the overhead of EFM, CIRC, L2 ECC, and so on, but these are not typically exposed to the application reading the disc.
By comparison, the bit rate of a "1x" ''data'' CD is defined as 2048 bytes/sector × 75 sectors/s = exactly 150 KiB/s = about 8.8 MiB per minute.
Copy prevention
Some major recording publishers have begun to sell CDs that violate the Red Book standard. Some do so for the purpose of copy prevention, using systems like Copy Control. Some do so for extra features such as DualDisc, which includes both a CD-layer and a DVD-layer whereby the CD-layer is much thinner, 0.9 mm, than required by the Red Book, which stipulates 1.2 mm. Philips and many other companies have warned them that including the Compact Disc Digital Audio logo on such non-conforming discs may constitute trademark infringement. Either in anticipation or in response, the long-familiar logo is no longer to be seen on recent copy-protected CDs, as well as stickers and warnings that the CD is not standard and may not play in all CD players.
See also
★ Extended Copy Protection — source of the Sony DRM scandal
★ DRM (computing)
★ Four-channel compact disc digital audio
External links
★ Philips' Audio Standards licensing info
★ IEC 60908 publication info
References
1. Document no. 28/10/04-3122 783 0027 2
2. http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/product.asp?sku=IEC+60908+Ed.+2.0+b%3A1999
3. http://www.commonerarecords.com/doubledisc/cdmastering/redbookspecs.html
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