RINGS OF POWER

'The Rings of Power' are fictional artifacts of J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth legendarium. They are first described early in ''Lord of the Rings'' in a rhyme of lore told to Frodo Baggins by Gandalf:''. From top to bottom are: Elves, Dwarves and Men]]
:Three Rings for the Elven-kings under the sky,
:Seven for the Dwarf-lords in their halls of stone,
:Nine for Mortal Men doomed to die,
:One for the Dark Lord on his dark throne,
:In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie.
:One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,
:One Ring to bring them all, and in the darkness bind them,
:In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie.

Contents

History

Common powers of the Rings

The Nine

The Seven

The Three

The One

Final disposition of the Rings

See also

External links

History

After the fall of Morgoth, Sauron begged for the pardon of the Valar, but reneged on his promise to submit to judgment and fled. As the Second Age progressed he presented himself disguised in a beautiful shape as 'Annatar', Lord of the Gifts, to the leaders of the remaining Eldar in Middle-earth with offers of aid. Gil-galad and Círdan both distrusted him, but he was welcomed by the smiths of Eregion, who were eager to increase their knowledge and technical achievement. According to Appendix B of ''The Lord of the Rings'', the forging of the Rings of Power began circa S.A. 1500. The Seven and the Nine Rings were forged by the Elves with Sauron's direct assistance. The Three Rings, the greatest of the Elven Rings, were forged by Celebrimbor, a grandson of Fëanor and leader of the Eregion smiths. He accomplished this alone, without Sauron's aid but with knowledge obtained from him, completing them around S.A. 1590.
Sauron forged the last Ring, the One Ring or Ruling Ring, secretly in the fires of Mount Doom in Mordor, in S.A. 1600. Its purpose was domination over the other Rings and their powers; and the opening of the thoughts and wills of their wearers to his view and control. However, as soon as Sauron put on the One the Elves became aware of him, and immediately understanding his purpose they took off their Rings.
About 90 years later Sauron invaded and conquered Eregion before overrunning nearly all of Eriador. Celebrimbor was captured, and under torture revealed the locations of the Seven and the Nine, but he died without revealing where the Three were hidden. Sauron took the Seven and the Nine, and these he distributed to leaders of the Dwarves and Men respectively.

Common powers of the Rings

The primary purpose and power of all the Rings made by the Elves was the "prevention or slowing of decay (i.e. 'change' viewed as a regrettable thing)". ^{Letters #131} It was through the Elves' desire to preserve things of beauty that Sauron was able to seduce them.
The Rings apparently granted the ability to see things that are normally unseen, such as Frodo's ability to see Galadriel's Ring while he was wearing the One but his servant Sam could not. However, this power is said to have been "more directly derived from Sauron" than the other powers of the Rings and thus may not have been present in the Three, which Sauron never touched.
It is unclear whether these effects were always present in the sixteen or were added after Sauron had taken them from the Elves. It is said in ''Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age'' that Sauron "perverted" the Nine and the Seven such that they were cursed and betrayed those who used them. This 'curse' can be seen in the deaths of the Dwarves Thrór and Thráin, both driven to undertake lethal dangers by the Ring of their house.
In an unused draft text, Tolkien indicated that Calaquendi, such as Glorfindel, could use the invisibility power of a Ring to choose to appear fully in either the physical or invisible world rather than existing in both at the same time. This might be similar to the way that Sauron was apparently able to remain visible while wearing the One.

The Nine

Main articles: Nazgûl

The Nine Rings caused Men wearing them to become invisible. They could also extend the lifespans of Men who possessed them, although this eventually led to the Men becoming wraiths under Sauron's complete control. It is implied by Gandalf that all the Great Rings would have the same effects on Men, but Tolkien wrote that this was untrue of the Three and there are no instances of a Man bearing one of the Seven.
The wraiths of the Men who received the Nine were the Nazgûl, the Ringwraiths, Sauron's most feared servants. None are mentioned specifically in the Lord of The Rings except their leader, the Witch-king of Angmar. His second-in-command is named in ''Unfinished Tales'' as Khamûl, the Black Easterling. What is known is that three of the nine Ringwraiths were originally 'great lords' of Númenor in the mid Second Age.
Sauron recovered the Nine after the Nazgûl came under his will, and they remained in his possession.

The Seven

As there were seven Dwarf 'Houses' or nations, it is tempting to assume that the king of each House was given his own Ring, but this is not stated. The Dwarves used their Rings to establish their treasure hoards, being somehow able to "breed" wealth with them. Tolkien never explained how this was accomplished except that the Rings required gold to breed more gold.
Tolkien wrote that the Rings could not make Dwarves invisible, turn them into wraiths, dominate their wills, or extend their lives due to essential traits of their kind. This greatly frustrated Sauron's plans, but through the Rings he was still able to influence them to anger and greed.
At the time of ''The Lord of the Rings'', four of the Seven had been destroyed by dragon-fire and the remaining three recaptured by Sauron. The last of the Seven was taken from Thráin II, who had been captured, imprisoned, and tormented by Sauron at Dol Guldur nearly one hundred years before the opening of ''The Hobbit'' in .
In the year before Frodo and Sam left the Shire with the One Ring, Sauron, through an unnamed emissary, promised to return the remaining three of the Seven to the Dwarves if they would recover "a little ring, the least of rings" from the "thief" who "stole" it. This offer was made repeatedly over the course of the year, and each time the Dwarves declined to answer. Distrustful of Sauron, who in fact correctly believed this ring to be the One, and not wanting to endanger Bilbo, the Dwarves instead sought out advice from Elrond. This is what brought Glóin and Gimli to Rivendell for the Council of Elrond in ''The Fellowship of the Ring''.
There is a tradition among the Dwarves that Durin III of Moria was not given a Ring by Sauron, but received his directly from Celebrimbor.

The Three

Unlike the other Rings, the Three did not confer invisibility or bear a curse beyond their vulnerability to the One, but the rings themselves were invisible when worn. Only a few, such as other Ring owners, could see them.
The Three are the only Rings of Power other than the One that Tolkien depicted in the narrative. Narya, the Ring of Fire, was set with a ruby; Nenya, the Ring of Water or Ring of Adamant, was of ''mithril'' and set with a "white stone", presumably a diamond (although this is never stated explicitly, although the usage of the word "adamant", an old synonym, is strongly suggestive); and Vilya, the Ring of Air, "mightiest of the Three", was of gold and set with a sapphire. They remained hidden, and their possessors were not revealed until the end of the Third Age.
Before the sack of Eregion, Celebrimbor gave Vilya and Narya to Gil-galad, and Nenya to Galadriel. Gil-galad gave Vilya to Elrond shortly before he died. In ''The Lord of the Rings'' it is said that Gil-galad gave Narya to Círdan shortly after he received it from Celebrimbor, but in ''Unfinished Tales'' it is said this happened in S.A. 3430.
The Three remained hidden from Sauron and untouched by him, and during the Third Age after he lost the One they were used for the preservation and enhancement of the three remaining realms of the Eldar. Vilya was used by Elrond at Rivendell, Nenya by Galadriel at Lothlórien, and Narya at Mithlond by Círdan. When the Istari arrived about , Círdan gave Narya to Gandalf, who bore it until the end of the Third Age.

The One

Main articles: One Ring

The Rings of Power were objects of great potency, and so to accomplish their domination Sauron was obliged to transfer most of his own power into the One Ring, a necessity that later led to his downfall.
In Eregion, a great many lesser rings were forged as "essays in the craft", of unknown but far lesser powers than the Great Rings. These were all "simple and unadorned" metal bands without any markings or gemstones. In contrast, the Great Rings other than the One were each set with 'their proper gem'. As with the lesser rings, the One was a plain band, apparently of ordinary gold, and with no visible markings. However, if the One was made hot enough an inscription of two lines of Black Speech in tengwar script could be made out in fiery letters covering both sides of the ring:
:''Ash nazg durbatulûk, ash nazg gimbatul,''
:''ash nazg thrakatulûk, agh burzum-ishi krimpatul.''
These words were spoken by Sauron when he first put on the One, and it was when they heard him speaking them that the Elves became aware of his purpose. Later, after Sauron had captured and distributed the Seven and the Nine, a translation of them incorporated into the rhyme told to Frodo by Gandalf:
:One Ring to rule them all, One Ring to find them,
:One Ring to bring them all, and in the darkness bind them.
Because the Elves did not use their Rings while Sauron possessed the One his original plan was unsuccessful, but the force he could bring to bear with the Ring upon the wills of others was vast nonetheless. With the Ring in his possession, Sauron was quickly able to corrupt the Númenóreans into Dark worship, human sacrifice, and open rebellion against the Valar, which led to their destruction by divine intervention.
As with the Nine, a mortal who wore it would become invisible. Gandalf told Frodo that while he wore the Ring he was invisible to his friends but even more visible to the Nazgûl since he then existed more fully in the spirit world they inhabited. With repeated use a mortal might 'fade' and become a wraith dominated by Sauron. It granted power to dominate the wills of others in proportion to the native abilities of its wearer. Thus, although Frodo was able to dominate Gollum for a time, he could never have done so with anyone greater. A very powerful being who possessed the Ring, such as Gandalf, could become more powerful even than Sauron, but would be so corrupted by it that he would simply take Sauron's place as Dark Lord.
It may have granted Sam the ability to understand the speech of Orcs in Mordor, and Bilbo Baggins the ability to understand the speech of the Great Spiders in Mirkwood.
The One possessed a kind of sentience or will of its own and could slip on or off at inopportune times or influence the bearer (cf. Isildur at the "Disaster of the Gladden Fields.") in an effort to return to its creator. It could even influence and corrupt those who had never touched it, such as when it drove Sméagol to murder Déagol.

Final disposition of the Rings

In the climactic scene of ''Lord of the Rings'', the One was destroyed in the Cracks of Doom at Orodruin, where it was originally forged, causing the downfall of Sauron and the undoing of all he created with it.
Galadriel tells Frodo that with the destruction of the One, the power of the other surviving Rings, though no longer bound to it, would fail. At the end of the Third Age, all three were taken to Valinor by their bearers.
Dragons destroyed four of the Seven Rings, and after Sauron's return in the Third Age he recaptured the remaining three. What came of them following Sauron's demise is not known, but they were likely destroyed in the collapse of Barad-dûr. Had they survived, their power would have failed as with the Three.
The fate of the Nine was likely the same as that of the remaining Seven.

See also

★ Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age

★ Magic ring

External links

★ Rings of Power

★ Lord of the Rings Fanatics Library - Celebrimbor and the Rings

★ The FAQ of the Rings