ROBIN (COMICS)

'Robin' is a fictional character, a superhero in the DC Comics universe. Robin has long been a fixture in the ''Batman'' comic books as Batman's sidekick. Since 'Dick Grayson's' first appearance as Robin in 1940, several different youths have appeared as Robin.
The early adventures of Robin included ''Star Spangled Comics'' #65-130 (1947-1952), his first solo feature. The first ''Robin'' limited series was published in 1991, featuring 'Tim Drake's' training to become the third Robin. Following two successful sequels, the monthly ''Robin'' ongoing series began in 1993 and is still published to this day.
The team of Batman and Robin is sometimes referred to as the 'Dynamic Duo'.

Contents

Character history

Dick Grayson

Jason Todd

Tim Drake

Stephanie Brown

Alternate versions

Bruce Wayne

Earth-Two Dick Grayson

''52''

''Robin'' monthlies

Homosexual interpretations

References

External links

Character history

About a year after Batman's debut, Batman creators Bob Kane and Bill Finger, along with inker/later ghost artist Jerry Robinson, introduced Robin the Boy Wonder in ''Detective Comics'' #38 (1940).
The name "Robin the Boy Wonder" and the medieval look of the original costume were inspired by the Errol Flynn movie ''The Adventures of Robin Hood''.^[1] (Later re-tellings of Robin's origin have instead often said the name comes from the robin bird, not Robin Hood.)
Although Robin is best known as Batman's sidekick, three Robins have also been members of the superhero group the Teen Titansand [Outsiders] with the original Robin, Dick Grayson, being a founding member and the group's leader.
The following fictional characters have donned the Robin costume at various times in the main DC Comics universe continuity:

Dick Grayson

Main articles: Dick Grayson


'Dick Grayson' was an eight-year-old acrobat, the youngest of a family act called the "Flying Graysons". A gangster named Boss Zucco (loosely based on actor Edward G. Robinson's ''Little Caesar'' character) had been extorting money from the circus and killed Grayson's parents, John and Mary, by sabotaging their trapeze equipment as a warning against defiance. Batman investigated the crime and, as his alter ego millionaire Bruce Wayne, had Dick put under his custody as a legal ward (later adopting him as his son). Batman rigorously trained the boy, teaching him physical, fighting and detective skills. Together they investigated Zucco and collected the evidence needed to bring him to justice.
From his debut appearance in 1940 through 1969, Robin was known as the Boy Wonder. However, as he grew up, graduated from high school and enrolled in Hudson University, Robin continued his career as the Teen Wonder, from the 1970 into the early 1980s. The character was re-discovered by a new generation of fans during the 1980s because of the success of ''The New Teen Titans'', in which he left Batman's shadow entirely to assume the identity of 'Nightwing'.

Jason Todd

Main articles: Jason Todd


DC was initially hesitant to turn Grayson into Nightwing and to replace him with a new Robin. To minimize the change, they made the new Robin, 'Jason Peter Todd', who first appeared in ''Batman'' #357 (1983), almost indistinguishable from a young Grayson.
Jason Todd was also the son of circus acrobats, killed by a criminal (this time the Batman adversary Killer Croc), and adopted by Bruce Wayne. In this incarnation, he was red-haired and unfailingly cheerful, and wore his circus costume to fight crime until Dick Grayson presented him with a Robin suit of his own. At that point, he dyed his hair black.
After the mini-series ''Crisis on Infinite Earths'', much of DC Comics continuity was rebooted.
Dick Grayson's origin, years with Batman and growth into Nightwing remained essentially unchanged, but Todd's character was completely revised. He was now a black-haired street orphan who first encountered Batman when he attempted to steal tires from the Batmobile. Batman saw to it that he was placed in a school for troubled youths. Weeks later, after Dick Grayson became Nightwing and Todd proved his crime-fighting worth by helping Batman catch a gang of thieves, Batman offered Todd the position as Robin.
Readers never truly bonded with Todd and, in 1988, DC made the controversial decision to poll readers using a 1-900 number as to whether or not Todd should be killed. The event received more attention in the mainstream media than any other comic book event before it. Some outside the comic book community mistakenly thought that DC was considering killing Dick Grayson, not realizing he had been replaced. Readers voted "yes" by a small margin (5,343 to 5,271) and Todd was subsequently murdered by the Joker in the '' storyline, in which the psychopath beat the youngster severely with a crowbar, and left him in a warehouse rigged with a bomb.
Jason Todd later returned as the new 'Red Hood' (the original alias of the Joker) when he is brought back to life due to reality being altered. A year after the events of ''Infinite Crisis'', Todd appears posing as Nightwing, but subsequently returns to his Red Hood persona.

Tim Drake

Main articles: Tim Drake

DC Comics was left uncertain about readers' decision to kill Todd, wondering if they felt Batman should be a lone vigilante, disliked Todd specifically, or just wanted to see if DC would actually kill the character. In addition, the 1989 ''Batman'' film did not feature Robin, giving DC a reason to keep him out of the comic book series for marketing purposes. Regardless, Batman editor Denny O'Neil introduced a new Robin.
The third Robin, 'Timothy Drake', first appeared in a flashback in ''Batman'' #436 (1989). Drake was a young boy who had followed the adventures of Batman and Robin ever since witnessing the murder of the Flying Graysons. This served to connect Drake to Grayson, establishing a link that DC hoped would help readers accept this new Robin. Drake surmised their secret identities with his amateur but instinctive detective skills and followed their careers closely.
Tim has stated on numerous occasions that he wishes to become "The World's Greatest Detective", a title currently belonging to the Dark Knight. Batman himself has stated that one day Drake will surpass him as a detective. Despite his combat skills not being the match of Grayson's (although there are some intimations that they are far superior to Todd's when he was Robin), his detective skills more than make up for this. In addition, Batman supplied him with a new armored costume which included full leggings to give Drake improved protection.
Tim was introduced as a happy medium between the first two Robins in that, from the readers' point of view, he is neither overly well behaved like Dick Grayson nor overly impudent like Jason Todd. Apparently, the compromise was successful with readers, as Drake is the first Robin to have his own comic book series.

Stephanie Brown

Main articles: Spoiler (comics)


'Stephanie Brown', Tim Drake's girlfriend and the costumed adventurer previously known as the 'Spoiler', volunteered for the role of Robin upon Tim's resignation. Batman fired the Girl Wonder for not obeying his orders to the letter.
While trying to prove her worthiness, Brown inadvertently set off a gang war on the streets of Gotham. While trying to help end the war, Brown was captured and tortured by the lunatic crime boss Black Mask. The brutal and sadistic torture spanned several issues. She managed to escape but died shortly after due to the severity of her injuries. Unlike Jason, there is no memorial to Stephanie in the Bat Cave.

Alternate versions

Bruce Wayne

A Batman story from the 1950s featured the young Bruce Wayne assuming the identity of Robin, complete with the original costume, in order to learn the basics of detective work from a famous detective named Harvey Harris. This story was later revised in the 1980s to edit out any reference to Bruce Wayne having ever called himself "Robin" or worn any costume before he finally donned his Batman costume as an adult. John Byrne later worked this aspect into his non-canonical story ''.
Post-Crisis, there was one instance in continuity when Bruce Wayne adopted the Robin persona. In ''Batboy & Robin'', a tie-in special to the DC Comics storyline ''Sins of Youth'', Bruce and Tim Drake, the third Robin, had their ages magically switched. In an effort to keep up the illusion of Batman, Bruce had Tim adopt the Batman identity while he is forced to be Robin.

Earth-Two Dick Grayson

On Earth-Two, home of the Golden Age version of DC's superheroes, Grayson continued to be Robin even as adult, having no successors, and even after Batman's death. His allies included the All-Star Squadron along with Batwoman and Flamebird. He eventually became a member of the Justice Society of America.
During his later years, he adopted a more Batman-like look for a time, and by the 1960s had become a lawyer and the ambassador to South Africa. Although in semi-retirement, he was called back to active duty when he rejoined the Justice Society during the period when Power Girl and Star-Spangled Kid also assisted them.
He died during the 1985 miniseries ''Crisis on Infinite Earths'', in which the DC Multiverse was reduced to one universe, and this version of Grayson, as well as the Earth-Two Batman, were deemed never to have existed.

''52''

In the final issue of ''52'', a new Multiverse is revealed, originally consisting of 52 identical realities. Among the parallel realities shown is one designated "Earth-2". As a result of Mister Mind "eating" aspects of this reality, it takes on visual aspects similar to the pre-Crisis Earth-2, including Robin among other Justice Society of America characters. The names of the characters and the team are not mentioned in the panel in which they appear, but the Robin is visually similar to the Dick Grayson Robin of the pre-Crisis Earth-2 Because Grayson, Todd, and Drake are all black-haired Caucasians, it is not possible to assign an alter ego based on the single image.^[2]
Based on comments by Grant Morrison, this alternate universe is not the pre-Crisis Earth-2.^[3]

''Robin'' monthlies

The first ''Robin'' miniseries was printed in 1992 following Tim Drake's debut as Robin. The series centered around Tim's continued training and set up villains linked to the character. It was followed up by another series ''Robin II: Joker's Wild'' which pitted Tim against his predecessor's murderer the Joker. With Batman out of town, it was up to Tim and Alfred to end the Joker's latest crime spree. A final miniseries, ''Robin III: Cry of Huntress'' wrapped up the trilogy, teaming Tim with the Huntress. In 1994, the success of the three miniseries led to the ongoing ''Robin'' series which is still published to this day.
The ongoing Robin series has taken part in a number of crossovers with other comics, especially Batman and related series. These include:

★ ''Robin #1'': Knightquest: The Crusade.

★ ''Robin #7'': Knightquest: The Search.

★ ''Robin #8'': Knightsend

★ ''Robin #9'': Knightfall: Aftermath.

★ ''Robin #10 - 13'': Prodigal.

★ ''Robin #14'': Trokia.

★ ''Robin #27 - 28'': Batman: Contagion.

★ ''Robin #32 - 33'': Batman: Legacy.

★ ''Robin #52 - 53'': Batman: Cataclysm.

★ ''Robin #67 - 73'': Batman: No Man's Land.

★ ''Robin #86'': Batman: Officer Down

Homosexual interpretations

Homosexual interpretations have been part of the academic study of Batman and Robin since psychologist Fredric Wertham asserted in ''Seduction of the Innocent'' that his research confirmed "Batman stories are psychologically homosexual." Wertham wrote, "Only someone ignorant of the fundamentals of psychiatry and of the psychopathology of sex can fail to realize a subtle atmosphere of homoeroticism which pervades the adventures of the mature 'Batman' and his young friend 'Robin.'"^[4] Wertham claimed his studies of homosexual youths discovered that "The Batman type of story may stimulate children to homosexual fantasies, of the nature of which they may be unconscious."^[5]

References

1. The Comics Journal #271
2.

3. "THE 52 EXIT INTERVIEWS: GRANT MORRISON"
4. Wertham, Fredric. ''Seduction of the Innocent''. Rinehart and Company, Inc., 1954. pg. 189-90
5. Wertham, pg. 191

External links

★ Extensive biography on Dick Grayson

★ Extensive biography on Jason Todd

★ Extensive biography on Tim Drake