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EspañolROGER EBERT
'Roger Joseph Ebert' (born June 18, 1942) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American film critic. He is known for his weekly review column (appearing in the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' since 1967, and later online)[1] and for the television program ''Siskel & Ebert'', which he co-hosted for 23 years with Gene Siskel. After Siskel's death in 1999, he auditioned several potential replacements but ultimately chose Richard Roeper to fill the open chair and the new program titled ''Ebert & Roeper'' debuted in 2000.
Ebert's movie reviews are syndicated to more than 200 newspapers in the United States and abroad. He has written more than 15 books, including his annual movie yearbook. In 1975, Ebert became the first film critic to win a Pulitzer Prize for Criticism. His television programs have also been widely syndicated, and have been nominated for Emmy awards. In February 1995, a section of Chicago's Erie Street near the CBS Studios was given the honorary name Siskel & Ebert Way. Ebert was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in June 2005, the first professional film critic to receive one. He has honorary degrees from the University of Colorado, the American Film Institute, and the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.
Since 1994 he has written a ''Great Movies'' series of individual reviews of what he deems to be the most important films of all time. Since 1999 he has hosted the annual Roger Ebert's Overlooked Film Festival in Champaign, Illinois.
Early life
Ebert was born in Urbana, Illinois to Annabel (Stumm) and Walter H. Ebert.[2] His paternal grandparents were German immigrants.[3] His interest in journalism began as a student at Urbana High School, where he was a sports writer for ''The News-Gazette'' in Champaign, Illinois. However, he began his writing career with letters of comment to the science fiction fanzines of the era. In his senior year he was co-editor of his high school newspaper, ''The Echo''.
In 1958, Ebert won the Illinois High School Association state speech championship in Radio Speaking, an event that simulates radio newscasts.[4]
Ebert received his undergraduate degree from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, where he was editor of ''The Daily Illini'' and member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity. One of the first movie reviews he ever wrote was a review of ''La dolce vita'', published in ''The Daily Illini'' in October 1961.[5]
Ebert did his graduate study in English at the University of Cape Town under a Rotary International Fellowship. He was a doctoral candidate in English at the University of Chicago when the film critic's position was offered to him by the ''Sun-Times''.
Career
Ebert began his professional critic career in 1967, writing for the ''Chicago Sun-Times''. In 1969, his review of ''Night of the Living Dead''[6] was published in ''Reader's Digest''.
In 1976 Ebert and Gene Siskel of the ''Chicago Tribune'' began co-hosting a weekly film review television show, ''Sneak Previews'', which was locally produced by the Chicago public broadcasting station WTTW. The show was picked up by PBS in 1978 for national distribution. In 1982, the critics moved to a syndicated commercial television show named ''At the Movies'', and later, ''Siskel & Ebert at The Movies'', where they were known for their "thumbs up/thumbs down" review summaries.
When Siskel died in 1999, the producers retitled the show ''Roger Ebert at the Movies'' with rotating co-hosts. In September 2000, fellow ''Chicago Sun-Times'' columnist Richard Roeper became the permanent co-host and the show was renamed ''Ebert & Roeper''.
Ebert has also done DVD audio commentaries for several films including ''Citizen Kane'', ''Casablanca'', ''Dark City'', ''Floating Weeds'', ''Crumb'', and ''Beyond the Valley of the Dolls'' (for which Ebert also wrote the screenplay, based on a story that he co-wrote with Russ Meyer).
On the day of the Academy Awards, Ebert and Roeper typically appear on the live pre-awards show, ''An Evening at the Academy Awards: The Arrivals''. This airs prior to the awards ceremony show, which also features red carpet interviews and fashion commentary. They also appear on the post-awards show entitled ''An Evening at the Academy Awards: the Winners''. Both shows are produced and aired by the American Broadcasting Company owned station in Los Angeles station KABC-TV. This show also airs on WLS-TV as well as the network's other owned stations along with being syndicated to several ABC affiliates and other broadcasters outside the country. Ebert did not appear on the 2007 show for medical reasons.
Other career highlights
As a teenager, Ebert was involved in science fiction fandom,[7] writing articles for fanzines, including Richard A. Lupoff's ''Xero''.
Ebert co-wrote the screenplay for the 1970 cult film ''Beyond the Valley of the Dolls'', directed by Russ Meyer, and likes to joke about being responsible for the poorly received film. Ebert and Meyer also made ''Beneath the Valley of the Ultra-Vixens'' and were involved in the ill-fated Sex Pistols movie ''Who Killed Bambi?''
Other appearances
In 2003 Ebert had a cameo appearance in the film ''Abby Singer'' in which he recited the white parasol monologue from ''Citizen Kane''.
Ebert, along with colleague Gene Siskel, guest stared on an episode of the animated TV series ''The Critic''. In the episode, Siskel and Ebert split and each wants Jay as his new partner. The episode is a parody of the film ''Sleepless in Seattle''.[8]
Style of critique
Though some critics contest Ebert's objectivity,[9] Ebert has described his critical approach to films as "relative, not absolute"; he reviews a film for what he feels will be its prospective audience, yet always with at least some consideration as to its value towards film as a whole.
Ebert has emphasized that his star ratings have little meaning if not considered in the context of the review itself. Occasionally (as in his review of ''Basic Instinct 2''), Ebert's star rating may seem at odds with his written opinion. Ebert has acknowledged such cases, stating "I cannot recommend the movie, but ... why the hell can't I? Just because it's God-awful? What kind of reason is that for staying away from a movie? God-awful and boring, that would be a reason."[10] In his review of ''The Manson Family'', he gave the film three stars for achieving what it set out to do, but admitted that didn't count as a recommendation ''per se''. He similarly gave the Adam Sandler-starring remake of ''The Longest Yard'' a positive rating of three stars, but in his review recommended readers not see the film if they had access to more satisfying cinematic experiences.
Ebert has reprinted his starred reviews in movie guides. During his appearances on Howard Stern's radio show, he was frequently challenged to defend his ratings. Ebert stood by his opinions with one notable exception: when Stern pointed out that he'd given ''The Godfather Part II'' a three-star rating, but had given ''The Godfather Part III'' three and a half stars.
Like Pauline Kael, Ebert has occasionally accused some films of having an unwholesome political agenda, and the word 'fascist' accompanied more than one of Ebert's reviews of the law-and-order films of the 1970s (such as ''Dirty Harry''). He is also suspicious of films which appear to have hypocritical agendas — i.e., a confrontational film that is passed off as art, but is merely lurid and sensational; Ebert has levelled this charge against such films as ''The Night Porter'' and ''Blue Velvet''.
Ebert's reviews can clash with the overall reception of movies, as evidenced by his negative review of the 1988 Bruce Willis action film ''Die Hard'' and his positive review of 1997's ''. Ebert often makes heavy use of mocking sarcasm, especially when reviewing movies he considers bad. At other times he is direct, famously in his review of the 1994 Rob Reiner comedy ''North'', which he concluded by writing that:
Ebert's favorite film is ''Citizen Kane''.Online chat with Ebert at bventertainment.go.com; August 2, 2007. His favorite actor is Robert Mitchum and his favorite actress is Ingrid Bergman.[11]
Ebert's reviews are also often characterized by dry wit, and a marked distaste for films that feature violence in support of authority. For movies that feature religion, he has been known to comment on them using his own Roman Catholic faith and his (fairly liberal) interpretation of Christianity. He often includes personal anecdotes in his reviews when he considers them relevant. He has occasionally written reviews in the forms of stories, poems, songs, scripts, or imagined conversations. He has written many essays and articles exploring the field of film criticism in depth.
Views on the film industry
Ebert is an outspoken opponent of the Motion Picture Association of America rating system (he often uses the negative epithet "flywheels" to describe their arbitrary nature). He has repeatedly criticized their decisions regarding which movies are "suitable for children." For example, ''Whale Rider''[12] and ''School of Rock''[13] were both rated PG-13 (unsuitable for children under the age of thirteen), while he thought both were inoffensive enough for schoolchildren and contained positive messages for that age group. In his review of ''The Exorcist'', Ebert said it was "stupefying" that the film received a rating of "R" from the MPAA instead of an "X" (suitable only for adults). He has frequently argued that the MPAA is more likely to give an "R" rating for mild sexual content than for highly violent content. In his review of ''The Passion of The Christ'',
He also frequently laments that cinemas outside major cities are "booked by computer from Hollywood with no regard for local tastes", making high-quality independent and foreign films virtually unavailable to most American moviegoers.[14]
Ebert is a strong advocate for Maxivision 48, in which the movie projector runs at 48 frames per second, as compared to the usual 24 frames per second. He is opposed to the practice whereby theatres lower the intensity of their projector bulbs in order to extend the life of the bulb, arguing that this has no effect other than to make the film harder to see.[15]
Personal life
Roger Ebert, Peter O'Toole, and Jason Patric at the 2004 Savannah Film Festival
Since the 1970s, Ebert has worked for the University of Chicago as a guest lecturer, teaching a night class on film. His fall 2005 class was on the works of the German director Rainer Werner Fassbinder.
Ebert married trial attorney Chaz Hammelsmith on July 18, 1992 and has a stepdaughter, a stepson, and four stepgrandchildren. He has been friends with, and at one time dated, Oprah Winfrey, who credits him with encouraging her to go into syndication.[16] He is also good friends with film historian and critic Leonard Maltin, and considers the book ''Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide'' to be the standard of film guide books.
A supporter of the Democratic Party,[17] Ebert publicly urged left-wing activist and filmmaker Michael Moore to give a politically-charged acceptance speech at the Academy Awards: ''"I'd like to see Michael Moore get up there and let 'em have it with both barrels and really let loose and give them a real rabble-rousing speech."''[18]
Raised Catholic and educated in parochial schools, Ebert has been critical of films he believes are grossly ignorant or insulting of Catholicism, such as ''Stigmata''[19] and ''Priest'', though he has given favorable reviews of controversial films with themes or references to Jesus and Catholicism, including ''The Passion of the Christ'', Martin Scorsese's controversial ''The Last Temptation of Christ'' (which many Catholics denounced), and to Kevin Smith's religious satire ''Dogma''.[20] However, Ebert identifies himself as an agnostic.[21]
Battle with thyroid cancer
In early 2002, Ebert was diagnosed with papillary thyroid cancer. Fortunately, in February of that year, surgeons at Northwestern Memorial Hospital were able to successfully remove the cancer with clean margins. He later underwent surgery in 2003 for cancer in his salivary gland and in December of 2003, he underwent a four-week course of radiation treatment as a followup to the surgery on his salivary gland, which altered his voice slightly. As he battled the illness, Ebert continued to be a dedicated critic to film, not missing a single opening while undergoing treatment.
He underwent further surgery Friday, June 16, 2006, just two days before his 64th birthday, to remove cancer near his right jaw and a section of jaw bone.[22]
On July 1, that same year, Ebert was hospitalized in serious condition after his carotid artery burst near the surgery site and he "came within a breath of death".[23] He later learned that the burst was likely a side effect of his treatment, which involved neutron beam radiation. He was subsequently kept bed-ridden to prevent further damage to the scarred vessels in his neck while he slowly recovered from multiple surgeries and the rigorous treatment regimen. At one point, his status was so precarious that Ebert had a tracheostomy placed in his neck to reduce his work of breathing while he recovered.22
Ebert filmed enough TV programs with his co-host Richard Roeper to keep him on the air for several weeks. However, his extended convalescence has necessitated a series of "guest critics" to co-host with Roeper, including Jay Leno (a good friend to both Ebert and Roeper), Kevin Smith, John Ridley, Toni Senecal, Michael Phillips, Aisha Tyler, Fred Willard, Anne Thompson, A. O. Scott, Mario Van Peebles, George Pennacchio, and John Mellencamp.
An update from Ebert on October 11, 2006 confirmed his bleeding problems had resolved. He was undergoing rehabilitation at the Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago due to lost muscle mass, and later underwent further rehabilitation at the Pritikin Center in Florida."[24]
After a three-month absence, the first movie he reviewed was ''The Queen''. As of August 2007, there was no estimate as to when he will return to ''Ebert & Roeper''. Ebert followed through with his promise and made his first public appearance since the summer of 2006 at Ebertfest on April 25, 2007. He was unable to speak but communicated through his wife, Chaz, through the use of written notes.
His opening words to the crowd of devout fans at the festival were a reference to the film he co-wrote with Russ Meyer, ''Beyond the Valley of the Dolls'': "It's my happening and it freaks me out." Most fans and journalists believed the remark to be a reference to the dramatic rise in popularity of Ebertfest over the past few years. Others believed the line to be a subtle reference to how, instead of acting as a critic, he had actually become the protagonist, to the degree where it 'freaked' him out--a sardonic and endearing reference typical of Ebert's writing style and spoken commentary.[25]
In an interview with WLS-TV in Chicago, he said, "I was told photos of me in this condition would attract the gossip papers--so what?" When asked by the ''Sun-Times'' in an April 23 article about his decision to return to the limelight, Ebert remarked, "We spend too much time hiding illness."[26]
Fans at his website have remarked his public appearances have been inspirational to cancer victims and survivors around the country.[27] He will need reconstructive surgery on his jaw, a relatively dangerous procedure in light of the damage to the vessels already seen when his artery burst during earlier treatment.
On the road to recovery
The current condition of Ebert's voice is unknown. However, on May 18, 2007, three of his reviews (including ''Shrek the Third'') were published by the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' as well as Ebert's website, a role that his editor had shouldered during the critic's illness.[28] Since then, he has posted one to two new reviews each week, and has even posted a new "Great Movies" review. He has also resumed his "Answer Man" column. In a July 21, 2007 commentary on a rebuttal to Clive Barker, he revealed that he had lost the ability to speak, but not to write.[29] He recently posted reviews of the 2006 film ''Casino Royale'' and the 2007 films ''Zodiac'' and '' Ratatouille'' with a note that he was in the process of going back and reviewing some of the movies that were released during his absence.[30] He recently disclosed that he will be in attendance at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival and is awaiting surgery that will hopefully restore his voice. [31]
Bibliography
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Each year, Ebert publishes ''Roger Ebert's Movie Yearbook'', a book containing all his movie reviews from the last three years, as well as essays and other writings. He has also written the following books:
★ ''Awake in the Dark: The Best of Roger Ebert'' (ISBN-10 0-226-18200-2) — a collection of essays from his forty years as a film critic, featuring interviews, profiles, essays, his initial reviews upon a film's release, as well as critical exchanges between the film critics Richard Corliss and Andrew Sarris
★ ''Ebert's "Bigger" Little Movie Glossary'' (ISBN 0-8362-8289-2) — a book of movie clichés
★ ''The Great Movies'' (ISBN 0-7679-1038-9) and ''The Great Movies II'' (ISBN 0-7679-1950-5) — two books of essays about great films
★ ''I Hated, Hated, Hated This Movie'' (ISBN 0-7407-0672-1) — a collection of reviews of films that received two stars or fewer.
★ ''Roger Ebert's Book of Film'' (ISBN 0-393-04000-3) — a ''Norton Anthology'' of a century of writing about the movies
★ ''Questions For The Movie Answer Man'' (ISBN 0-8362-2894-4) — his responses to questions sent from his readers
★ ''Behind the Phantom's Mask'' (ISBN 0-8362-8021-0) — his first attempt at fiction.
★ ''An Illini Century'' (ASIN B0006OW26K) — the history of the first 100 years of the University of Illinois
★ ''The Perfect London Walk'' (ISBN 0-8362-7929-8) — a tour of Ebert's favorite foreign city
★ ''Your Movie Sucks'' (ISBN 0-7407-6366-0) — a new collection of less-than-two-star reviews.
See also
★ Boulder Pledge, created by Ebert in 1996 in the hope of discouraging spam
★ Ebert's spat with ''The Brown Bunny'' director Vincent Gallo
References
1. RogerEbert.com
2. FilmReference.com biography of Roger Ebert
3. Ebert's review of ''Maryam'' (April 12, 2002)
4. Roger Ebert in the IHSA list of state speech champions
5. Ebert's review of ''La Dolce Vita'' (October 4, 1961)
6. Ebert’s review of ''Night of the Living Dead'' January 5, 1967)
7. See his autobiographical essay in Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, "Thought Experiments: How Propeller-Heads, BNFs, Sercon Geeks, Newbies, Recovering GAFIAtors, and Kids in the Basements Invented the World Wide Web, All Except for the Delivery System."
8. TV.com Episode summary: ''The Critic'' - "Siskel & Ebert & Jay & Alice"
9. 'Ebert's Bloody Ax'
10. Ebert's review of ''Basic Instinct 2'' (March 21 2006)
11. Biography page for Ebert at tv.com
12. Ebert's "Movie Answer Man column", November 16, 2003
13. Ebert's review of ''School of Rock'' (October 3, 2003)
14. Ebert, Roger, "They got it right," ''Chicago Sun Times'' (29 Jan. 2004)
15. Ebert's "Movie Answer Man column", February 19, 2006
16. “How I gave Oprah her start”, Ebert, Roger; Chicago Sun-Times, November 16, 2005
17. Ebert's political donations
18. Interview with Matthew Rothschild, ''The Progressive'', August 2003
19. Ebert's review of ''Stigmata'' (January 1, 1999)
20. Ebert's review of ''Dogma'' (November 12, 1999)
21. ''A Life In The Movies,'' Carol Felsenthal, Chicago Magazine December 2005
22. Email from Roger, August 17, 2006, posted on his website
23. Ebert's words in his review of Sicko, June 29, 2007
24. "Ebert: Despite setbacks, I am feeling better every day", Chicago Sun-Times, April 3 2007
25. Ebertfest 2007 in pictures
26. Ebert, Roger; "It wouldn't be Ebertfest without Roger" April 23, 2007
27. Article and Video report with Full Interview from WLS, Chicago, April 25
28. RogerEbert.com Front Page Roger Ebert
29. RogerEbert.com Commentary Roger Ebert
30. Ebert's review of ''Zodiac'' (August 24, 2007)
31. http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/FilmFest/article/253188
External links
★ Roger Ebert official website
★ ''Ebert & Roeper'' official website
★ Roger Ebert's Overlooked Film Festival
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★
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★ Roger Ebert RSS Feed
★ Political donations made by Ebert
★ Sight and Sound poll on his top ten movies
★ Progressive Magazine Transcript of Interview with Roger Ebert
★ Front Page Magazine Article Critical of Ebert's Politics
★ ''Abby Singer'' (Ebert had a cameo in the film)
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