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EspañolROME (TV SERIES)
'''Rome''' is a multiple Emmy Award-winning historical drama, produced in Italy for television by the BBC (UK), HBO (USA), and RAI (Italy). The show's first season originally aired on HBO between August 28 and November 20, 2005, subsequently broadcast on BBC One between November 2, 2005 and January 4, 2006, and on Rai Due between March 17 and April 28, 2006.
The show's second and final season opened on January 14, 2007 and ended on March 25, 2007 in the USA. In the UK the second season started on June 20,2007, on BBC Two and ended on July 24, 2007.[1]
Series overview
The series is a historical drama depicting the period of history surrounding the violent transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire; a change driven by civil warfare between populists and conservatives, the decay of political institutions, and the actions of ambitious men and women. The HBO website provides the following introduction:
Half a century before the dawn of Christianity, Rome has become the wealthiest city in the world, a cosmopolitan metropolis of one million people — epicenter of a sprawling empire. Founded on principles of shared power and fierce personal competition, the Republic was created to prevent any one man from seizing absolute control. It is a society where soldiers can rise up from provincial commoners to become national heroes, even leaders of the Republic. But as the ruling class became extravagantly wealthy, the foundations have crumbled, eaten away by corruption and excess, and the old values of Spartan discipline and social unity have given way to a great chasm between the classes.[2]
While chronicling the lives and deeds of the rich, powerful and "historically significant," the series also focuses on the lives, fortunes, families and acquaintances of two common men: Lucius Vorenus and Titus Pullo, two Roman soldiers mentioned historically in Caesar's ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico''. The fictionalized Vorenus and Pullo manage to witness and often influence many of the historical events presented in the series.
Season 1 depicts Julius Caesar's civil war of 49 BC against the traditionalist conservative faction in the Roman Senate, his subsequent rise to absolute dictatorship over Rome and his eventual fall, spanning the time period from the end of his Gallic Wars (52 BC or 701 ''ab urbe condita'') until his assassination on March 15, 44 BC (the infamous Ides of March). Against the backdrop of these cataclysmic events, we also see the early years of the young Octavian, who is destined to become the first Emperor of Rome, Augustus.
Season 2 chronicles the power struggle between Octavian and Mark Antony following Caesar's assassination, spanning the period from Caesar's death in 44 BC to Octavian's final defeat of Antony at Actium in 31 BC.
Series history
Production
''See also Production credits.''
Set of ''Rome'' in Cinecittà studios, Rome
In 2002, HBO and the BBC agreed to co-produce a new series based on the events of the "Roman Revolution". Towards that end, the two networks committed a US$100 million budget to the production of twelve 1-hour episodes, with HBO contributing US$85 million, and the BBC contributing US$15 million. [3]
Between March 2004 and May 2005, ''Rome'' was filmed, in co-production with RAI, in the Italian countryside, on six sound stages at Rome's legendary Cinecittà studios, and in a collection of massive sets in Cinecittà studios' back lots: five acres of outdoor sets which comprised an elaborate "period reconstruction" of sections of ancient Rome. It was a massive undertaking, with an international crew of 350, and more than 50 local Italian interns. The production is regarded as one of the most expensive in the history of TV series. Funding was generously employed to recreate an impressively detailed set featuring a number of Roman Villas, the forum and a vast slum area of the ancient city of Rome. Unfortunately, a significant part of this set was later destroyed by a fire that burned down a portion of the Cinecittà Studios on August 10, 2007. [4]
First season
The series was launched in the United States on August 24, 2005, at Wadsworth Theatre in Los Angeles, California. HBO broadcast the series pilot (''The Stolen Eagle'') four days later on August 28.
According to the Nielsen ratings system, the pilot attracted more than 8.9 million viewers over eleven broadcasts, and achieved a 9.1 household rating for Sunday primetime. BBC Two premiered ''Rome'' in the United Kingdom on November 2, 2005, attracting 6.6 million viewers (27%), only to have the viewing figures decline in future episodes with the finale only attracting 3 million viewers (13%). The season has also gone into international syndication, being broadcast in many countries around the globe, in several languages (see Broadcasting).
The series' first season garnered critical acclaim, with Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Dramatic Series and Best Performance by an Actress in a Dramatic Television Series for Polly Walker's portrayal of Atia of the Julii. ''Rome'' is also cited by some for its more historically accurate portrayal of Roman society, but historians point out that the events and personalities portrayed in this series bear little more than a passing resemblance to the facts.
Second season
After the broadcast of only three first season episodes, HBO announced plans to produce a second season of ''Rome'' in 2006 for release in March 2007[5]. Subsequently in a news conference HBO Chairman Chris Albrecht confirmed that ''Rome'' season two would air on HBO in January 2007, but would not return for a third season[6]. Most speculation for the early denial of a third season appears to center on the series' staggering costs, although neither Albrecht, cast members, nor any HBO representative will comment on this speculation. The second season premiered January 14, 2007 and the final episode was broadcast on March 25, 2007 in the U.S.
The first episode of the second season aired on BBC 2 on June 20 2007.
The first episode of season 2 attracted 1.5 million viewers.
Fire on the set
On August 11 2007, the set in the Cinecitta studios in Italy was damaged during a fire, which disrupted filming for the fourth series of science fiction series ''Doctor Who''. The producers planned to use this set for filming a ''Doctor Who'' episode that is set in Ancient Rome.[7]
Cast and characters
Main articles: Characters of Rome
''Rome'' features both fictional characters as well as those loosely based on historical figures. According to the official HBO ''Rome'' series website, the main characters are:
| Character | Actor |
|---|---|
| Lucius Vorenus | Kevin McKidd |
| Titus Pullo | Ray Stevenson |
| Julius Caesar | Ciarán Hinds (Season 1; cameo in Season 2) |
| Pompey Magnus | Kenneth Cranham (Season 1) |
| Atia of the Julii | Polly Walker |
| Mark Antony | James Purefoy |
| Marcus Junius Brutus | Tobias Menzies |
| Servilia of the Junii | Lindsay Duncan |
| Niobe | Indira Varma (Season 1; cameo in Season 2) |
| Gaius Octavian | Max Pirkis (Seasons 1/2) Simon Woods (Season 2)¹ |
| Posca | Nicholas Woodeson |
| Octavia of the Julii | Kerry Condon |
| Quintus Pompey | Rick Warden |
| Porcius Cato | Karl Johnson (Season 1) |
| Marcus Tullius Cicero | David Bamber |
| Timon | Lee Boardman |
| Mascius | Michael Nardone |
| Eirene | Chiara Mastalli |
| Cleopatra | Lyndsey Marshal |
| Gaia | Zuleikha Robinson (Season 2) |
| Jocasta | Camilla Rutherford (Season 2) |
| Marcus Agrippa | Allen Leech (Season 2) |
| Maecenas | Alex Wyndham (Season 2) |
| Caesarion | Nicolò Brecci (Season 2)² Max Baldry (Season 2) |
| Levi | Nigel Lindsay (Season 2) |
| Vorena the Elder | Coral Amiga |
;Notes
# The character of Octavian was aged and recast starting with season 2, episode #16 (2-4)
# Caesarion appeared as a baby in arms in season 1, episode #08 (1-8), and was aged and recast in season 2, episode #20 (2-16)
Background performers
Audio commentary on the Season 1 DVD[8] indicates that many of the background performers used in the series were also their true professional counterparts. One example is that the actor shown in the series working as a butcher on the streets of Rome was in fact a real-life butcher.
Episodes
Specials
| 'Title' | 'Episode' | 'Director' | 'Writer' | 'Airdate(s)' |
| ''Making Rome'' | Promotional Special | Unknown | Unknown | August 11, 2005 (HBO) |
Season 1 (2005)
† ''Note:'' Episodes #1 through 3 were re-edited into 2 episodes for their BBC broadcast. See ''The BBC editing controversy''.
†† ''Note:'' Episodes #11 and 12 were shown as one feature-length (1:30) episode from 21:00 to 22:30 p.m. on January 4, 2006 during their original BBC broadcast.
Season 2 (2007)
Editing
The BBC editing controversy
Some scenes in episodes of Season 1 of the series have been edited for airing on the BBC in order to remove some of the stronger language which is deemed unacceptable for prime-time viewing on terrestrial British television (specifically the use of the word "cunt"). This has been criticised by many, who point to the fact that other HBO programs such as ''The Sopranos'' and ''Oz'' have been broadcast uncut on British network television; however, ''Rome'' is broadcast at an earlier time than the other two programmes and the BBC was aiming at a more general audience than Channel 4 was with ''The Sopranos'' and ''Oz''.
In a separate move, the BBC also decided to re-edit the first three episodes (all directed by Michael Apted) into two episodes. The BBC claimed that this was because the British audience were more familiar with the history of Rome than their American counterparts and so much of the backstory was unnecessary; however, Apted claims that the purpose was to boost the ratings by increasing the prominence of the scenes of sex and violence. In an interview with ''The Times'' [9], Apted was quoted saying:
''I'm really pissed off with the BBC for bringing down my first three episodes to two and, in doing so, taking out much of the vital politics. What also makes me very grumpy is that I was told that the cuts had been introduced by the BBC because they thought British viewers already knew the historical background. But all that's happened as far as the viewer is concerned is that it has made 'Rome' hard to follow.''
Apted also said that he only found out about the cuts by accident claiming:
''I only found out by chance a couple of weeks ago when one of the actors told me.''
However, the original uncut versions of Season 1 episodes have now been shown in the UK on UKTV Drama as of April 14, 2007. UKTV Drama showed two episodes every Saturday, with only the title credits cut from the second episode shown every week, during the run of Season 2 on BBC 2.
The RAI editing controversy
The Italian broadcasting of the series was also marred by controversy. Strong language was removed in the Italian dubbing process; as for the more explicit sex scenes and disturbing violence, they were replaced by "safe" alternative versions shot during production especially for the Italian broadcast.[10]
Historical deviations
Gorgoneion from the opening credits, depicting its use in the ancient world as a protective apotropaic symbol. [11]
:''See Chronology of Rome (TV series) for a timeline of relevant historical events''
While ''Rome'' is noted for its more historically accurate portrayal of Roman society than other dramatizations, there are numerous inaccuracies in the series' representation of various historical events and personages. Creator Bruno Heller has said that "We try to balance between what people expect from previous portrayals and a naturalistic approach ... This series is much more about how the psychology of the characters affects history than simply following the history as we know it." [12] The series' Historical Consultant Jonathan Stamp also notes that the show aims for "authenticity" rather than "accuracy." [13] [14] The film-makers stressed that they wanted to portray a more accurate picture of Rome, a gritty and realistic city as opposed to what they call the "HollyRome" that appears in films like Gladiator.
Though Lucius Vorenus and Titus Pullo are historical figures mentioned briefly in Caesar's ''Commentarii de Bello Gallico'', their adventures and involvement in key events in the series are fictionalized. ''Rome'' also typically ignores the existence of certain extended family members of people featured as main characters, such as relatives of Julius Caesar, Mark Antony and Atia Balba Caesonia. The most significant dramatic license taken in the series, however, is the manipulation of the historical timeline for storytelling purposes.
Some important events are not mentioned in ''Rome'', including the whole year spent before the Battle of Pharsalus in which Caesar drove Pompeius's supporters out of Spain, and the Battle of Dyrrhachium in which Pompeius defeated Caesar. Many significant members of the Optimates, the traditionalist faction of Brutus and Cato, are also missing from the series. They include Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, Titus Labienus, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Crus, and Publius Cornelius Lentulus Spinther, the latter having failed to empty Rome's treasury before the Optimates' departure, resulting in a severe lack of funds to support their war effort.
Battle scenes in ''Rome'' depict Roman infantry fighting techniques including the tightly-packed "Roman Wall" of shields, gladius thrusting techniques above and below the "shield wall", and the rotation of troops on the front lines every one to two minutes. These techniques are largely conjectural, as there are no such detailed descriptions surviving in the historical record. Similarly, Roman fighting techniques taught to cast members Kevin McKidd and Ray Stevenson by swordmaster Giorgio Antonini are also likely conjectural, as the earliest surviving European combat manual is Royal Armouries Ms. I.33 from around the year 1300.
Further discrepancies are noted in detail in the appropriate articles for related episodes and characters from ''Rome''.
Broadcasting
| 'Country/Region' ''alphabetically'' | 'Network' | 'Starting Date' ''of episode debuts'' | 'Ending Date' ''of episode debuts'' | 'Current Status' | 'Language(s)' |
| Asia | HBO Asia† | November 27, 2005 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | English Chinese (Thai subtitles) |
| Australia | Nine Network† | September 20, 2006 | N/A | ''Cancelled after second episode, resumed on December 14, 2006 (late at night with little promotion)'' | English |
| Belgium | CANVAS BeTV CANVAS RTBF | October 31, 2005 February 20, 2006 11 June, 2006 09 January, 2007 | January 23, 2006 March 27, 2006 N/A 13 February, 2007 | ''Concluded'' ''Concluded'' ''Reruns'' ''Concluded'' | English (Dutch subtitles) English (French subtitles) English (Dutch subtitles) (French dubbing) |
| Brazil | HBO | October 9, 2005 | June 17, 2007 | ''Concluded'' | English (Portuguese subtitles) |
| Canada (English) | The Movie Network/Movie Central | August 28, 2005 | November 20, 2005 | ''Season 1: Reruns '' ''Season 2: Concluded'' | English |
| Canada (French) | Super Écran | February 6, 2006 | July 30, 2007 | ''Season 1: Concluded '' ''Season 2: Concluded'' | French |
| Czech Republic | HBO | March 3, 2006 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | Czech |
| Denmark | TV3 | August 31,2006 | November 17,2006 | ''Concluded'' | English (Danish subtitles) |
| Estonia | Kanal 2 | November 8,2006 | N/A | ''Season 1 concluded'' | English (Estonian subtitles) |
| Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina | OBN and HD | October 1, 2007 | January 3, 2008 | ''Season 1 and 2 concluded'' | Bosnian |
| Finland | Nelonen | August 30, 2006 | November 15, 2006 | ''Concluded'' | English (Finnish subtitles) |
| France | Canal+ | June 29, 2006 | August 3, 2006 | ''Season 1 Concluded'', season 2 in progress | French English (French subtitles) |
| Georgia | Imedi TV | September 17, 2007 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | Georgian |
| Germany | Premiere 1/2 | January 15, 2006 | April 2, 2006 | ''Reruns'' | German English |
| RTL II | July 8, 2007 | First run episodes | German | ||
| Hungary | HBO | March 3, 2006 | N/A | ''Season 1 concluded'' | Hungarian |
| Iceland | Stöð 2 | 22 January, 2006 | April 2006 | ''First run episodes'' | English (Icelandic subtitles) |
| India | HBO India† | February 20, 2006 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | English |
| Israel | Xtra HOT | January 1, 2006 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | English (Hebrew subtitles) |
| Lithuania | LNK | July 9, 2007 | August, 14, 2007 | ''Season 1: Concluded'' | Lithuanian |
| Mexico | HBO Latin America | N/A | N/A | ''Season 1: Concluded'' ''Season 2: First run episodes'' | English (Spanish subtitles) |
| The Netherlands | SBS6 | January 1, 2006 | March 11, 2006 | ''Season 1: Concluded'' ''Season 2: Concluded'' | English (Dutch subtitles) |
| New Zealand | TV One† | July 2, 2006 | September 3, 2006 | ''Season 1: Concluded '' ''Season 2: Yet to air'' | English |
| Norway | Canal Plus | January 18, 2006 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | English (Norwegian subtitles) |
| TV Norge | September 18, 2006 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | English (Norwegian subtitles) | |
| Poland | HBO | Season 1: March 3, 2006 Season 2: August 19, 2007 | Season 1: May 12, 2006 Season 2: October 21, 2007 | ''Season 1: Reruns'' ''Season 2: in progress'' | Polish |
| Portugal | RTP2 | January 30, 2006 | March 17, 2006 | ''Season 1: Concluded'' ''Season 2: Concluded'' | English (Portuguese subtitles) |
| Romania | HBO | March 3, 2006 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | English (Romanian subtitles) |
| Russia | NTV Russia | May 20, 2007 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | Russia |
| South Korea | OCN† | N/A | N/A | English (Korean subtitles) | |
| SBS(Not sure if the episodes are edited or not) | November 9, 2006 | N/A | Korean | ||
| Saudi Arabia | America Plus | January 6, 2005 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | English |
| South Africa | M-Net | August 20, 2006 | November 5, 2006 | ''Concluded'' | English |
| Spain | Cuatro | December 13, 2005 | January 17, 2006 | ''Reruns'' | Spanish |
| Sweden | Canal Plus | January 18, 2006 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | English (Swedish subtitles) |
| Kanal 5 | July 7, 2006 | N/A | ''First run episodes'' | English (Swedish subtitles) | |
| Turkey | CNBC-e | January 1, 2006 | March 19, 2006 | ''Season 1: Concluded'' ''Season 1: Reruns'' | English (Turkish subtitles) |
| United Kingdom | BBC† UKTV History† | Season 1: November 2, 2005 Season 2: June 20, 2007 | Season 1: January 4, 2006 Season 2: No Information | ''Season 1: Reruns (UKTV History)'' ''Season 2: Concluded (BBC 2)'' | English |
| United States | HBO | August 28, 2005 | March 25, 2007 | ''Concluded'' | English |
† Broadcast edited or censored episodes.
DVD releases
First season cover art
Second season cover art
Main articles: Rome series DVD
The entire first season of ''Rome'' was released as a six-disc Region 1 DVD box set in the USA on August 15, 2006. It was distributed by HBO Home Video. Featuring all 12 episodes, it also includes several extra DVD features like episode commentaries, behind-the-scenes footage and making-of features. The same set (bar the episodic previews and recaps) was released on July 24 2006 in Region 2, also entitled ''Rome: The Complete First Season''.
Season 2 was released in North America on August 7 2007. [15]
Awards and nominations
Awards
★ 'Art Directors Guild Award':
★
★ 2005: Excellence in Production Design for a Television Series - Single Camera (for the episode "The Stolen Eagle")
★ 'Costume Designers Guild Awards':
★
★ 2005: Outstanding Costume Design for Television Series - Period/Fantasy
★
★ 2006: Outstanding Costume Design for Television Series - Period/Fantasy
★ 'DGA Awards':
★
★ 2005: Outstanding Directorial Achievement in a Primetime Dramatic Series (for the episode "The Stolen Eagle")
★ 'Emmy Awards':
★
★ 2006: Outstanding Art Direction for a Single-Camera Series (for the episodes "Caesarion", "Triumph" and "Kalends of February")
★
★ 2006: Outstanding Costumes for a Series (for the episode "Triumph")
★
★ 2006: Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series (for the episode "Stealing from Saturn")
★
★ 2006: Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series (for the episode "The Stolen Eagle")
★ 'Visual Effects Society Awards':
★
★ 2005: Outstanding Visual Effects in a Broadcast Series (for the episode "The Stolen Eagle")
Nominations
★ 'BAFTA Television Awards':
★
★ 2006: Best Production Design
★
★ 2006: Best Titles
★
★ 2006: Best Visual Effects
★ 'Cinema Audio Society Awards':
★
★ 2005: Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Television Series (for the episode "The Spoils")
★ 'Emmy Awards':
★
★ 2007: Outstanding Art Direction for a Single-Camera Series
★
★ 2007: Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series
★
★ 2007: Outstanding Costumes for a Series (for the episode "De Patre Vostro (About Your Father)")
★
★ 2007: Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series (for the episode "De Patre Vostro (About Your Father)")
★
★ 2007: Outstanding Makeup for a Series, Non-Prosthetic (for the episode "De Patre Vostro (About Your Father)")
★
★ 2007: Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (for the episode "Philippi")
★
★ 2007: Outstanding Visual Effects for a Series (for the episode "Philippi")
★
★ 2006: Outstanding Main Title Design
★
★ 2006: Outstanding Makeup for a Series, Non-Prosthetic (for the episode "Caesarion")
★
★ 2006: Outstanding Music Composition for a Series (for the episode "Triumph")
★
★ 2006: Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music
★ 'Golden Globe Awards':
★
★ 2005:
★
★ 2005: (Polly Walker)
★ 'Royal Television Society':
★
★ 2005: Best Visual Effects - Digital Effects
★ 'Satellite Awards':
★
★ 2005: Best Television Series - Drama
★
★ 2005: Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television (Polly Walker)
★ 'Writers Guild of America Awards':
★
★ 2005: Outstanding Writing for a New Series
See also
★ Characters of ''Rome''
★ Minor characters of ''Rome''
★ Chronology of Rome (TV series)
★ List of television series cancelled after 2006 season
Notes
1. ''Rome'' second season - bbc.co.uk
2. HBO.com ~ About ''Rome''
3. BBC News ~ "Small screen hits and misses"
4. The Hollywood Reporter ~ "Fire hits Rome studios"
5. HBO ''Rome'' News ~ "HBO renews the epic drama series ''Rome''" September 12, 2005
6. Zap2it.com News ~ "Two and Out for ''Rome''"
7. 'Doctor Who' Rome set hit by fire
8. DVD: ''Rome: The Complete First Season'' (2005) (Released 2006).
9. TimesOnline UK ~ "They sexed up my Roman orgy, says director"
10. Repubblica.it article (Italian)
11. Garber, Marjorie. ''The Medusa Reader'', 24 February 2003, Introduction, pg. 2, ISBN 0-415-90099-9.
12. HBO.com ~ ''Rome'' News January 8 2007
13. DVD: ''Rome: The Complete First Season'', ''When In Rome'' featurette.
14. ThinkExist.com ~ Jonathan Stamp quotes
15. ''Rome'': Second Season DVD - MovieWeb.com
References
★ "Hail Caesar" ~ ''Guardian'' review of Season 1
★ Salon.com review of Season 2
★ Beliefnet on religion in ''Rome''
★ ''New York Times'' review of Season 2
★ ''Chicago Sun Times'' review of Season 2
★ ''New York Times'' article
★ The Star eCentral interview with Ray Stevenson
★ Dark Horizons reporting on the 2nd season production of ''Rome''
★ Times Online reporting on Michael Apted's opinion on the BBC re-editing.
★ "New $100m TV epic set to rewrite history" - ''The Independent'' (UK), 25 July, 2005
★ "HBO enlists Firefox for series promotion" - CNet News.com, August 15, 2005
★ ''Slant'' Magazine Review
★ Lindsay Duncan (Servilia) interview - BBC Five Live, November 11, 2005
★ "Rome's bloody climax wins 3m" - Report on the final episode viewing figures for ''Rome'', ''Guardian Unlimited'', 5 January, 2006
External links
★
★
★ ''Rome'' - Official HBO website
★ "RomeFans.com" Official Fan Website
★ ''Rome'' - Official BBC Drama website
★ ''Roma'' - Official RAI website
★ Interview with James Purefoy (February 2007)
★ ''Rome: Season 2'' Reviews at Metacritic
★ ''Rome'' - Official Canal+ website
★ Rome Episode Guide at the TV IV Wiki.
★ Discussion Forum at TV.com.
★ Historical writings about Vorenus and Pullo
★ Roma - Cuatro
★ - ROME: The Complete Second Season DVD Review and Interviews
★ HBO Community Bulletin Boards, Rome
★ BBC press release for season 2 broadcast
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