MARTYRS OF JAPAN
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(Redirected from Saints Paul Miki and Companions)
The refers to a group of Christians who were executed by crucifixion in 1597 at Nagasaki.
On August 15, 1549, Francisco Xavier (a Catholic saint), Cosme de Torres (a Jesuit priest), and Father John Fernandez arrived in Kagoshima from Spain with hopes to bring Catholicism to Japan. On September 29, Xavier visited Shimazu Takahisa, the daimyo of Kagoshima, asking for permission to build the first Catholic mission in Japan. The daimyo agreed in hopes of producing a trade relationship with Europe.
A promising beginning to those missions—perhaps as many as 300,000 Christians by the end of the sixteenth century—met complications from competition between the missionary groups, political difficulty between Spain and Portugal, and factions within the government of Japan. Christianity was suppressed. By 1630, Christianity was driven underground.
The first Martyrs of Japan are commemorated on February 5 when, on that date in 1597, twenty-six missionaries and converts were killed by crucifixion. Two hundred and fifty years later, when Christian missionaries returned to Japan, they found a community of Japanese Christians that had survived underground.
Main articles: Kirishitan
The shogunate and imperial government at first supported the Catholic mission and the missionaries, thinking that they would reduce the power of the Buddhist monks, and help trade with Spain and Portugal; however, the shogunate was also wary of colonialism, seeing that in the Philippines the Spanish had taken power after converting the population (and other colonial powers had done the same elsewhere). The government increasingly saw Catholicism as a threat, and started persecuting Christians; eventually, the Catholic religion was banned and those who refused to abandon their faith were killed.
In 1597, twenty-six Christians – six European Franciscan missionaries, three Japanese Jesuits and seventeen Japanese laymen including three young boys – were executed by crucifixion in Nagasaki. The individuals were raised on crosses and then pierced through with spears. Persecution continued sporadically, breaking out again in 1613 and 1630, during which time Catholicism was officially outlawed. The Church remained without clergy and theological teaching disintegrated until the arrival of Western missionaries in the nineteenth century.
While there were many more martyrs, the first martyrs came to be especially revered, the most celebrated of which was Paul Miki. The Martyrs of Japan were canonized by the Catholic Church in 1862 and are listed on the calendar as 'Paul Miki and his Companions', commemorated on February 6.
Drawn from the oral histories of Japanese Catholic communities, Shusaku Endo's acclaimed novel "Silence" provides detailed accounts of the persecution of Christian communities and the suppression of the Church.
Nippon Sei Ko Kai, a member of the Anglican Communion, added the martyrs to their calendar in 1959 to commemorate all the martyrs of Japan. The Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America added the commemoration to their calendars during the revision of their respective prayer books in late 1970’s. Some parts of the Anglican Communion and the ELCA commemorate the martyrs of Japan on February 5 and the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England commemorate them on February 6.
The Church of the Holy Japanese Martyrs (Civitavecchia, Italy) is a catholic church that is dedicated to the Nagasaki 1597 event of the 26 Martyrs of Nagasaki. It is decorated with the artwork of Japanese artist Luke Hasegawa.
en la Basilica of Our Lady of Zapopan.]]
★ Antonio Dainan
★ Boaventura of Miyako
★ Cosme Takeya
★ Francisco Branco
★ Francisco of Nagasaki
★ Francisco of Saint Michael
★ Gabriel de Duisco
★ Gaius Francis
★ Gundisalvus Garcia
★ James Kisai
★ Joaquim Saccachibara
★ Juan Kisaka
★ Juan Soan de Goto
★ Leo Karasumaru
★ Luis Ibaraki
★ Martim of the Ascension
★ Mathias of Miyako
★ Miguel Kozaki
★ Paulo Ibaraki
★ 'Paulo Miki' -- Miki was born in Japan in 1562. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1580 and was the first Japanese member of any Catholic religious order. He died one year before his ordination to the Catholic priesthood. Miki's remaining ashes and bones are now located in Macau.
★ Paulo Suzuki
★ 'Pedro Bautista' -- Bautista was a Spanish Franciscan who had worked about ten years in the Philippines before coming to Japan; he was a companion of Paul Miki when Christianity was made illegal.
★ Pedro Sukejiroo
★ 'Philip of Jesus' --Philip was born in Mexico at an unknown date. Though unusually frivolous as a boy, he joined the Discalced Franciscans of the Province of St. Didacus, founded by St. Peter Baptista. After some months in the Order, Philip grew tired of monastic life, left the Franciscans in 1589, took up a mercantile career, and went to the Philippines where he led a life of pleasure. Later he desired to re-enter the Franciscans and was again admitted at Manila in 1590. At the time of his martyrdom, Philip was returning to his original monastery in Mexico to be ordained because the episcopal see of Manila was vacant at the time. He was aboard the ''San Felipe'' when it ran aground in Japan. In addition to being one of the martyrs of Japan, Philip is also regarded as the patron saint of Mexico City.
★ Thomas Kozaki
★ Thomas Xico
★ Lorenzo Ruiz - killed 1637, beatified 1981, canonized 1987[1]
★ Anthony González
★ Dominic Ibañez de Eriquicia
★ Francis Shoyemon
★ James Gorobiyoye
★ Jordan Ansalone
★ Lazarus of Kyoto
★ Luke Alonso
★ Marina of Omura
★ Mary-Magdalen of Nagasaki - killed 1634, canonized
★ Matthew Kohiyoye
★ Michael de Aozaraza
★ Michael Kurobioye
★ Thomas Jihyoe of Saint Augustine
★ Thomas Rokuzayemon
★ Thomas Tsugi - killed 1627, beatified 1867
★ Vincent Shiwozuka
★ William Courtet
★ List of saints
★ Calendar of Saints
★ Silence (novel)
★ 26 Martyrs Museum in Nagasaki City, Japan
★ Prohibition of Christian religion by Hideyoshi and 26 martyrs - Daughters of St. Paul convent; Tokyo, Japan
★ St.Joseph's Church, Nishijin, Kyoto, Japan - the the first Roman Catholic church on the 26 Martyrs' pilgrimage to Nagasaki
★ The Martyrs of Japan
★ Japanese Martyrs
★ Canonization of Martyrs of Japan (Vatican)
★ Life of Thomas Jihyoe (Augustinians of the Midwest)
★ Augustinian Martyrs of Japan
★ page_h_detail&c_wiki_id=49 Nagasaki Wiki - Detail Access Information from Nagasaki Station to 26 Martyrs Monument.
1. http://www.nccbuscc.org/comm/popejohnpaulii/beatify.shtml
The refers to a group of Christians who were executed by crucifixion in 1597 at Nagasaki.
On August 15, 1549, Francisco Xavier (a Catholic saint), Cosme de Torres (a Jesuit priest), and Father John Fernandez arrived in Kagoshima from Spain with hopes to bring Catholicism to Japan. On September 29, Xavier visited Shimazu Takahisa, the daimyo of Kagoshima, asking for permission to build the first Catholic mission in Japan. The daimyo agreed in hopes of producing a trade relationship with Europe.
A promising beginning to those missions—perhaps as many as 300,000 Christians by the end of the sixteenth century—met complications from competition between the missionary groups, political difficulty between Spain and Portugal, and factions within the government of Japan. Christianity was suppressed. By 1630, Christianity was driven underground.
The first Martyrs of Japan are commemorated on February 5 when, on that date in 1597, twenty-six missionaries and converts were killed by crucifixion. Two hundred and fifty years later, when Christian missionaries returned to Japan, they found a community of Japanese Christians that had survived underground.
| Contents |
| Christianity in Japan |
| Recognitions by other churches |
| List of the Martyrs |
| Other Martyrs of Japan |
| See also |
| External links |
| Notes |
Christianity in Japan
Main articles: Kirishitan
The shogunate and imperial government at first supported the Catholic mission and the missionaries, thinking that they would reduce the power of the Buddhist monks, and help trade with Spain and Portugal; however, the shogunate was also wary of colonialism, seeing that in the Philippines the Spanish had taken power after converting the population (and other colonial powers had done the same elsewhere). The government increasingly saw Catholicism as a threat, and started persecuting Christians; eventually, the Catholic religion was banned and those who refused to abandon their faith were killed.
In 1597, twenty-six Christians – six European Franciscan missionaries, three Japanese Jesuits and seventeen Japanese laymen including three young boys – were executed by crucifixion in Nagasaki. The individuals were raised on crosses and then pierced through with spears. Persecution continued sporadically, breaking out again in 1613 and 1630, during which time Catholicism was officially outlawed. The Church remained without clergy and theological teaching disintegrated until the arrival of Western missionaries in the nineteenth century.
While there were many more martyrs, the first martyrs came to be especially revered, the most celebrated of which was Paul Miki. The Martyrs of Japan were canonized by the Catholic Church in 1862 and are listed on the calendar as 'Paul Miki and his Companions', commemorated on February 6.
Drawn from the oral histories of Japanese Catholic communities, Shusaku Endo's acclaimed novel "Silence" provides detailed accounts of the persecution of Christian communities and the suppression of the Church.
Recognitions by other churches
Nippon Sei Ko Kai, a member of the Anglican Communion, added the martyrs to their calendar in 1959 to commemorate all the martyrs of Japan. The Episcopal Church and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America added the commemoration to their calendars during the revision of their respective prayer books in late 1970’s. Some parts of the Anglican Communion and the ELCA commemorate the martyrs of Japan on February 5 and the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England commemorate them on February 6.
The Church of the Holy Japanese Martyrs (Civitavecchia, Italy) is a catholic church that is dedicated to the Nagasaki 1597 event of the 26 Martyrs of Nagasaki. It is decorated with the artwork of Japanese artist Luke Hasegawa.
List of the Martyrs
en la Basilica of Our Lady of Zapopan.]]
★ Antonio Dainan
★ Boaventura of Miyako
★ Cosme Takeya
★ Francisco Branco
★ Francisco of Nagasaki
★ Francisco of Saint Michael
★ Gabriel de Duisco
★ Gaius Francis
★ Gundisalvus Garcia
★ James Kisai
★ Joaquim Saccachibara
★ Juan Kisaka
★ Juan Soan de Goto
★ Leo Karasumaru
★ Luis Ibaraki
★ Martim of the Ascension
★ Mathias of Miyako
★ Miguel Kozaki
★ Paulo Ibaraki
★ 'Paulo Miki' -- Miki was born in Japan in 1562. He joined the Society of Jesus in 1580 and was the first Japanese member of any Catholic religious order. He died one year before his ordination to the Catholic priesthood. Miki's remaining ashes and bones are now located in Macau.
★ Paulo Suzuki
★ 'Pedro Bautista' -- Bautista was a Spanish Franciscan who had worked about ten years in the Philippines before coming to Japan; he was a companion of Paul Miki when Christianity was made illegal.
★ Pedro Sukejiroo
★ 'Philip of Jesus' --Philip was born in Mexico at an unknown date. Though unusually frivolous as a boy, he joined the Discalced Franciscans of the Province of St. Didacus, founded by St. Peter Baptista. After some months in the Order, Philip grew tired of monastic life, left the Franciscans in 1589, took up a mercantile career, and went to the Philippines where he led a life of pleasure. Later he desired to re-enter the Franciscans and was again admitted at Manila in 1590. At the time of his martyrdom, Philip was returning to his original monastery in Mexico to be ordained because the episcopal see of Manila was vacant at the time. He was aboard the ''San Felipe'' when it ran aground in Japan. In addition to being one of the martyrs of Japan, Philip is also regarded as the patron saint of Mexico City.
★ Thomas Kozaki
★ Thomas Xico
Other Martyrs of Japan
★ Lorenzo Ruiz - killed 1637, beatified 1981, canonized 1987[1]
★ Anthony González
★ Dominic Ibañez de Eriquicia
★ Francis Shoyemon
★ James Gorobiyoye
★ Jordan Ansalone
★ Lazarus of Kyoto
★ Luke Alonso
★ Marina of Omura
★ Mary-Magdalen of Nagasaki - killed 1634, canonized
★ Matthew Kohiyoye
★ Michael de Aozaraza
★ Michael Kurobioye
★ Thomas Jihyoe of Saint Augustine
★ Thomas Rokuzayemon
★ Thomas Tsugi - killed 1627, beatified 1867
★ Vincent Shiwozuka
★ William Courtet
See also
★ List of saints
★ Calendar of Saints
★ Silence (novel)
External links
★ 26 Martyrs Museum in Nagasaki City, Japan
★ Prohibition of Christian religion by Hideyoshi and 26 martyrs - Daughters of St. Paul convent; Tokyo, Japan
★ St.Joseph's Church, Nishijin, Kyoto, Japan - the the first Roman Catholic church on the 26 Martyrs' pilgrimage to Nagasaki
★ The Martyrs of Japan
★ Japanese Martyrs
★ Canonization of Martyrs of Japan (Vatican)
★ Life of Thomas Jihyoe (Augustinians of the Midwest)
★ Augustinian Martyrs of Japan
★ page_h_detail&c_wiki_id=49 Nagasaki Wiki - Detail Access Information from Nagasaki Station to 26 Martyrs Monument.
Notes
1. http://www.nccbuscc.org/comm/popejohnpaulii/beatify.shtml
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