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'Santiago de Cuba' is the capital city of Santiago de Cuba Province in the south-eastern area of the island nation of Cuba, some east south-east of the Cuban capital of Havana.
The municipality extends over , and contains the communities of Guilera, Antonio Maceo, Bravo, Castillo Duany, Leyte Vidal and Moncada.
Historically Santiago de Cuba has long been the second most important city on the island after Havana, and still remains the second largest. It is on a bay connected to the Caribbean Sea and is an important sea port. In 2004 the city of Santiago de Cuba had a population of about 494,337 people^[1].

Contents

History

Role in the Cuban Revolution

Change in province boundaries

World Heritage Site

World Heritage Biosphere Reserve

Personalities

Transportation

See also

References

External links

History

Santiago de Cuba was founded by Spanish conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar on June 28, 1514. In 1516 the settlement was destroyed by fire, and was immediately rebuilt. This was the starting point of the expeditions led by Juan de Grijalba and Hernán Cortés to the coasts of Mexico in 1518, and in 1538 by Hernando de Soto's expedition to Florida. The first cathedral was built in the city in 1528. From 1522 until 1589 Santiago was the capital of the Spanish colony of Cuba.
The city was plundered by French forces in 1553, and by British forces under Christopher Myngs in 1662.
On June 12, 1766, the city was almost destroyed by an earthquake.
The city experienced an influx of French immigrants in the late 18th century and early 19th century, many coming from Haiti after the Haitian slave revolt of 1791. This added to the city's eclectic cultural mix, already rich with Spanish and African culture.
It was also the location where Spanish troops faced their main defeat at San Juan Hill on July 1, 1898, during the Spanish-American War. Spain later surrendered to the United States after the destruction of its fleet in Santiago's harbor.
Cuban poet, writer, and national hero, José Martí, is buried in Cementerio Santa Efigenia.

Role in the Cuban Revolution

Santiago was also the home of the revolutionary hero, Frank Pais. On July 26, 1953, the Cuban Revolution began with an ill-prepared armed attack on the Moncada Barracks by small contingent of rebels led by Fidel Castro. Shortly after this disastrous incident, País began talking with students and young working people informally, drawing around him what became an extremely effective urban revolutionary alliance. This developed into highly organized cells coordinating a large scale urban resistance that became instrumental in the success of the Cuban Revolution.^[2]
Pais' group prepared carefully, accruing weapons, collecting money, collecting medical supplies. They published a cheap newsletter that reported news that criticized the government, attempting to counter Batista's censorship.^[3]
In the summer of 1955, País’ organization merged with Castro's July 26 Movement. Pais became the leader of the new organization in Oriente province.
On 1 January 1959, Fidel Castro proclaimed the victory of the Cuban Revolution from a balcony on Santiago de Cuba's town hall.
Antonio Maceo Airport is Santiago's domestic and international airport.

Change in province boundaries

Until a rearrangement of province boundaries in 1976, Santiago de Cuba was the capital of Cuba's ''Oriente'' Province, which included the present day provinces of Holguín, Las Tunas, Guantánamo, Granma and Santiago de Cuba.

World Heritage Site

The local citadel of San Pedro de la Roca is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List as "the most complete, best-preserved example of Spanish-American military architecture, based on Italian and Renaissance design principles".^[4]

World Heritage Biosphere Reserve

The Baconao Park was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage Biosphere Reserve List in 1987. ^[5]

Personalities

★ Desi Arnaz - television actor and producer/bandleader

★ Emilio Bacardi- Industrialist, Philanthopist, Politician, Author, Artist

★ Rubén Cuesta Palomo (CandyMan) - reggaeton/hip hop singer

★ Luis Haza- Violinist

★ Alberto Juantorena - athlete

★ José Martí - independence hero

★ Frank Pais - revolutionary and urban organizer for the 26th of July Movement

★ Jorge Reyes- Cuban-born American author

★ Compay Segundo - Son singer

★ Mey Vidal - reggaeton singer

★ Esteban Salas y Castro Baroque composer

Transportation

Santiago is served by Antonio Maceo Airport.

See also

★ Battle of Santiago de Cuba, 1898

★ List of places in Cuba

★ Carnaval of Santiago de Cuba

References

1. Cuba demographics
2. Frank País and the Underground Movement in the cities
3. Who was Frank Pais?
4. World Heritage Site
5. Heritage Biosphere Reserve Site

External links

★ Santiago de Cuba Photos

★ Tourist info and news about Santiago de Cuba

★ Homepage

★ Municipality webpage (Spanish)