SCARLET TANAGER

The 'Scarlet Tanager', ''Piranga olivacea'', is a medium-sized songbird of the Tanager family, 'Thraupidae'.
Adults have pale stout smooth bills. Adult males are bright red with black wings and tail; females are yellowish on the underparts and olive on top, with olive-brown wings and tail. The adult male's winter plumage is similar to the female's, but the wings and tail remain darker.
Their breeding habitat is large forested areas, especially with oaks, across eastern North America. They build a cup nest on a horizontal tree branch.
These birds migrate to northwestern South America. This tanager is an extremely rare vagrant to western Europe.
These birds are often out of sight, foraging high in trees, sometimes flying out to catch insects in flight. They mainly eat insects and berries.
These birds do best in the forest interior, where they are less exposed to predators and nest parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird. Their numbers are declining in some areas due to forest fragmentation.

Contents

References

External links

Further reading

Book

Thesis

Articles

References

★ Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

External links

★ Scarlet Tanager Species Account - Cornell Lab of Ornithology

★ Scarlet Tanager Information - South Dakota Birds and Birding

★ Scarlet Tanager ''Piranga olivacea''USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter

★ Summer Red Bird by John Audubon

★ Stamps

★ Scarlet Tanager videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Further reading

Book

★ Mowbray, T. B. 1999. ''Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea''). In ''The Birds of North America'', No. 479 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

Thesis

★ Gustafson DK. Ph.D. (1985). ''FOREST ISLAND SIZE AND MATRIX INTERACTIONS WITH AVIAN TROPHIC GROUPS IN SOUTHEASTERN WISCONSIN (BIOGEOGRAPHY)''. The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, United States -- Wisconsin.

★ Hames RS. Ph.D. (2001). ''Habitat fragmentation and forest birds: Effects at multiple scales''. Cornell University, United States -- New York.

★ Hudon J. Ph.D. (1989). ''Keto-carotenoid usage and evolutionary dynamics in birds''. The University of Connecticut, United States -- Connecticut.

★ Prescott KW. Ph.D. (1950). ''A LIFE HISTORY STUDY OF THE SCARLET TANAGER (PIRANGA OLIVACEA)''. University of Michigan, United States -- Michigan.

★ Shy E. Ph.D. (1982). ''EVOLUTION OF SONGS IN NORTH AMERICAN TANAGERS (THRAUPINAE: PIRANGA)''. Wayne State University, United States -- Michigan.

★ Villard M-A. Ph.D. (1991). ''Spatio-temporal dynamics of forest bird patch populations in agricultural landscapes''. Carleton University (Canada), Canada.

★ Weakland CA. Ph.D. (2000). ''Effects of diameter-limit and two-age timber harvesting on songbird populations on an industrial forest in central West Virginia''. West Virginia University, United States -- West Virginia.

Articles

★ Alderton RE. (1977). ''Scarlet Tanager in the Isles of Scilly''. British Birds. vol '70', no 7. p. 300-301.

★ Baylor LM. (1971). ''Scarlet Tanager at Rapid City''. South Dakota Bird Notes. vol '23', no 4.

★ Cooper RJ, Dodge KM, Martinat PJ, Donahoe SB & Whitmore RC. (1990). ''Effect of Diflubenzuron Application on Eastern Deciduous Forest Birds''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '54', no 3. p. 486-493.

★ Crawford HS, Hooper RG & Titterington RW. (1981). ''Song Bird Population Response to Silvicultural Practices in Central Appalachian USA Hardwoods''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '45', no 3. p. 680-692.

★ Dettmers R & Bart J. (1999). ''A GIS modeling method applied to predicting forest songbird habitat''. Ecological Applications. vol '9', no 1. p. 152-163.

★ Dettmers R, Buehler DA & Franzreb KE. (2002). ''Testing habitat-relationship models for forest birds of the southeastern United States''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '66', no 2. p. 417-424.

★ Dobbs M. (1995). ''Late scarlet tanager sighting in Clarke County''. Oriole. vol '60', no 4.

★ Donovan TM & Flather CH. (2002). ''Relationships among North American songbird trends, habitat fragmentation, and landscape occupancy''. Ecological Applications. vol '12', no 2. p. 364-374.

★ Duncan S. (1976). ''Anting by a Scarlet Tanager and 2 Blue Jays in Massachusetts''. Bird Banding. vol '47', no 1.

★ Eckert KR. (1971). ''Scarlet Tanager in Late November''. Loon. vol '43', no 4.

★ Ellis CJ. (1976). ''Syringeal Histology Part 5 Thraupidae Yellow-Rumped Tanager Ramphocelus-Icteronotus and Scarlet Tanager Piranga-Olivacea''. Iowa State Journal of Research. vol '50', no 4. p. 357-362.

★ Ferguson RS. (1981). ''Summer Birds of the Northwest Angle Provincial Forest and Adjacent Southeastern Manitoba Canada''. Syllogeus. vol '31', p. 1-23.

★ Fraser GS & Stutchbury BJM. (2004). ''Area-sensitive forest birds move extensively among forest patches''. Biological Conservation. vol '118', no 3. p. 377-387.

★ Garrett KL & Wilson JC. (2003). ''Report of the California Bird Records Committee: 2001 records''. Western Birds. vol '34', no 1. p. 15-41.

★ Gobris NM & Yong W. (1993). ''Breeding records of worm-eating Warbler and scarlet tanager from Piedmont National Wildlife Refuge''. Oriole. vol '58', no 1-4. p. 4-6.

★ Goodwin AG. (1984). ''Scarlet Tanager Piranga-Olivacea in Scilly Uk''. British Birds. vol '77', no 10. p. 490-491.

★ Grand J & Cushman SA. (2003). ''A multi-scale analysis of species-environment relationships: Breeding birds in a pitch pine-scrub oak (Pinus rigida-Quercus ilicifolia) community''. Biological Conservation. vol '112', no 3. p. 307-317.

★ Greenberg CH & Lanham JD. (2001). ''Breeding bird assemblages of hurricane-created gaps and adjacent closed canopy forest in the southern Appalachians''. Forest Ecology and Management. vol '154', no 1-2. p. 251-260.

★ Hames RS, Rosenberg KV, Lowe JD, Barker SE & Dhondt AA. (2002). ''Effects of forest fragmentation on Tanager and thrush species in eastern and western North America''. Studies in Avian Biology. vol '25', p. 81-91.

★ Hames RS, Rosenberg KV, Lowe JD & Dhondt AA. (2001). ''Site reoccupation in fragmented landscapes: Testing predictions of metapopulation theory''. Journal of Animal Ecology. vol '70', no 2. p. 182-190.

★ Hanowski J, Danz N, Lind J & Niemi G. (2003). ''Breeding bird response to riparian forest harvest and harvest equipment''. Forest Ecology & Management. vol '174', no 1-3. p. 315-328.

★ Holding J. (1983). ''SCARLET TANAGER IN CORNWALL''. British Birds. vol '76', no 12. p. 581-582.

★ Holmes RT. (1986). ''Foraging Patterns of Forest Birds Male-Female Differences''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '98', no 2. p. 196-213.

★ Holmes RT, Sherry TW & Sturges FW. (1986). ''Bird Community Dynamics in a Temperate Deciduous Forest Long-Term Trends at Hubbard Brook New-Hampshire USA''. Ecological Monographs. vol '56', no 3. p. 201-220.

★ Hudon J. (1991). ''Unusual Carotenoid Use by the Western Tanager Piranga-Ludoviciana and Its Evolutionary Implications''. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol '69', no 9. p. 2311-2320.

★ Jubb GLJ & Cunningham HNJ. (1976). ''Birds Associated with Grapes in Erie County Pennsylvania USA''. American Journal of Enology & Viticulture. vol '27', no 4. p. 161-162.

★ Maurer BA & Whitmore RC. (1981). ''Foraging of 5 Bird Species in 2 Forests with Different Vegetation Structure''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '93', no 4. p. 478-490.

★ Mellow BK. (1983). ''SCARLET TANAGER IN CORNWALL''. British Birds. vol '76', no 12. p. 580-581.

★ Moore T. (1986). ''A Late Scarlet Tanager in North Fulton County Georgia USA''. Oriole. vol '51', no 4.

★ Murray NL & Stauffer DF. (1995). ''Nongame bird use of habitat in central Appalachian riparian forests''. Journal of Wildlife Management. vol '59', no 1. p. 78-88.

★ Olafsson E. (1993). ''Rare and vagrant birds in Iceland: Buntings, vireos and icterids''. Natturufraedingurinn. vol '63', no 1-2. p. 87-108.

★ Plenge MA, Parker TA, III, Hughes RA & O'Neill JP. (1989). ''Additional Notes on the Distribution of Birds in West-Central Peru''. Gerfaut. vol '79', no 1-4. p. 55-68.

★ Prather JW & Smith KG. (2003). ''Effects of tornado damage on forest bird populations in the Arkansas ozarks''. Southwestern Naturalist. vol '48', no 2. p. 292-297.

★ Prescott KW. (1972). ''Late Scarlet Tanager Recorded''. Inland Bird Banding News. vol '44', no 6.

★ Rivera JHV, McShea WJ & Rappole JH. (2003). ''Comparison of breeding and postbreeding movements and habitat requirements for the Scarlet Tanager (Piranga olivacea) in Virginia''. Auk. vol '120', no 3. p. 632-644.

★ Roberts C & Norment CJ. (1999). ''Effects of plot size and habitat characteristics on breeding success of scarlet tanagers''. Auk. vol '116', no 1. p. 73-82.

★ Robinson SK & Holmes RT. (1982). ''Foraging Behavior of Forest Birds the Relationships among Search Tactics Diet and Habitat Structure''. Ecology. vol '63', no 6. p. 1918-1931.

★ Rodewald AD. (2004). ''Nest-searching cues and studies of nest-site selection and nesting success''. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol '75', no 1. p. 31-39.

★ Sample BE, Cooper RJ & Whitmore RC. (1993). ''DIETARY SHIFTS AMONG SONGBIRDS FROM A DIFLUBENZURON-TREATED FOREST''. Condor. vol '95', no 3. p. 616-624.

★ Sewell J. (1995). ''Late fall scarlet tanager sighting in Forsyth County''. Oriole. vol '60', no 4. p. 90-92.

★ Shy E. (1984). ''Habitat Shift and Geographical Variation in North American Tanagers Thraupinae Piranga''. Oecologia. vol '63', no 2. p. 281-285.

★ Shy E. (1984). ''The Structure of Song and Its Geographical Variation in the Scarlet Tanager Piranga-Olivacea''. American Midland Naturalist. vol '112', no 1. p. 119-130.

★ Stotz DF, Bierregaard RO, Cohn-Haft M, Petermann P, Smith J, Whittaker A & Wilson SV. (1992). ''The Status of North American Migrants in Central Amazonian Brazil''. Condor. vol '94', no 3. p. 608-621.

★ Stutchbury BJM, Capuano B & Fraser GS. (2005). ''Avian frugivory on a gap-specialist, the red elderberry (Sambucus racemosa)''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '117', no 4. p. 336-340.

★ Villard M-A, Merriam G & Maurer BA. (1995). ''Dynamics in subdivided populations of neotropical migratory birds in a fragmented temperate forest''. Ecology. vol '76', no 1. p. 27-40.

★ Walley WJ. (1989). ''Breeding of the Scarlet Tanager Piranga-Olivacea in Western Manitoba Canada''. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol '103', no 4. p. 572-576.

★ Williams E. (1968). ''Birds About Milbank South-Dakota USA Scarlet Tanager Avocets Lark Bunting and Redstarts''. South Dakota Bird Notes. vol '22', no 4.

★ Zumeta DC & Holmes RT. (1978). ''Habitat Shift and Roadside Mortality of Scarlet Tanagers During a Cold Wet New-England Spring''. Wilson Bulletin. vol '90', no 4. p. 575-586.