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Contents

Events

Births

Deaths

Holidays and observances

Religious observances

References

External links

Events

★ 1590 - Alexander Farnese's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris.

★ 1661 - Fall of Nicolas Fouquet: Louis XIV Superintendent of Finances is arrested in Nantes by D'Artagnan, captain of the king's musketeers.

★ 1666 - Great Fire of London ends: 10,000 buildings including St. Paul's Cathedral are destroyed, but only 16 people are known to have died.

★ 1698 - In an effort to move his people away from archaic customs, Tsar Peter I of Russia imposes a tax on beards.

★ 1725 - Wedding of Louis XV and Maria Leszczyńska.

★ 1774 - First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

★ 1781 - Battle of the Chesapeake in the American Revolutionary War.

★ 1793 - French Revolution the French National Convention initiates the Reign of Terror.

★ 1798 - Conscription is made mandatory in France by the Jourdan law.

★ 1800 - Malta is conquered by Great Britain.

★ 1816 - Louis XVIII has to dissolve the Chambre introuvable ("Unobtainable Chamber").

★ 1836 - Sam Houston is elected as the second president of the Republic of Texas.

★ 1839 - The First Opium War begins in China.

★ 1840 - Premiere of Giuseppe Verdi's ''Un giorno di regno'' at La Scala of Milan.

★ 1862 - American Civil War: the Potomac River is crossed at White's Ford in the Maryland Campaign.

★ 1864 - Achille François Bazaine becomes Marshall of France.

★ 1877 - Indian Wars: Oglala Sioux chief Crazy Horse is bayoneted by a United States soldier after resisting confinement in a guardhouse at Fort Robinson in Nebraska.

★ 1882 - The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.

★ 1905 - Russo-Japanese War: In New Hampshire, USA, the Treaty of Portsmouth, mediated by US President Theodore Roosevelt, ends the war.

★ 1914 - World War I: First Battle of the Marne begins. Northeast of Paris, the French attack and defeat German forces who are advancing on the capital.

★ 1915 - The pacifist Zimmerwald Conference begins.

★ 1918 - Decree "On Red Terror" is published in Russia

★ 1932 - The colonie of Upper Volta is broken apart between Ivory Coast, Mali, and Niger.

★ 1937 - Spanish Civil War: Llanes falls.

★ 1938 - Chile: A group of youths affiliated with the fascist National Socialist Movement of Chile are assassinated in the Seguro Obrero massacre.

★ 1939 - World War II: The United States declares its neutrality in the war.

★ 1942 - World War II: Japanese high command orders withdrawal at Milne Bay, first Japanese defeat in the Pacific War.

★ 1943 - World War II: The 503d Parachute Infantry Regiment lands and occupies Nazdab, near Lae in the Salamaua-Lae campaign.

★ 1944 - Belgium, Netherlands and Luxembourg constitute Benelux.

★ 1945 - Iva Toguri D'Aquino, a Japanese-American suspected of being wartime radio propagandist Tokyo Rose, is arrested in Yokohama.

★ 1948 - Robert Schuman becomes President of the Council while being Foreign minister, As such, he is the negotiator of the major treaties of the end of World War II.

★ 1957 - Cuba: Fulgencio Batista bombs the revolt in Cienfuegos.

★ 1960 - The poet Léopold Sédar Senghor is elected as the first President of Senegal.

★ 1961 - The first conference of the Non Aligned Countries is held in Belgrade.

★ 1969 - My Lai Massacre: U.S. Army Lt. William Calley is charged with six specifications of premeditated murder for the death of 109 Vietnamese civilians in My Lai.

★ 1970 - Vietnam War: Operation Jefferson Glenn begins: the United States 101st Airborne Division and the South Vietnamese 1st Infantry Division initiate a new operation in Thua Thien province.

★ 1972 - Munich Massacre: A Palestinian terrorist group called "Black September" attack Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games.

★ 1975 - Sacramento, California: a follower of incarcerated cult leader Charles Manson, Lynette Fromme attempts to assassinate U.S. President Gerald Ford.

★ 1977 - Hanns Martin Schleyer, is kidnapped in Cologne, West Germany by the Red Army Faction and is later murdered.

★ 1977 - Voyager program: Voyager 1 is launched after a brief delay.

★ 1978 - Camp David Accords: Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat begin peace process at Camp David, Maryland.

★ 1980 - The St. Gotthard Tunnel opens in Switzerland as the world's longest highway tunnel at 10.14 miles (16.224 km) stretching from Goschenen to Airolo.

★ 1984 - STS-41-D: The Space Shuttle ''Discovery'' lands after its maiden voyage.

★ 1984 - Western Australia becomes the last Australian state to abolish capital punishment.

★ 1986 - Pan Am Flight 73 with 358 people on board is hijacked at Karachi International Airport.

★ 2005 - Mandala Airlines Flight 091 crashes into a heavily-populated residential of Sumatra, Indonesia, killing 104 people on board and at least 39 persons on ground.

★ 2007 - 3 terrorists suspected to be a part of Al-Quaeda are arrested in Germany after planning attacks on both the Frankfurt International airport and US-Military installations. See German Terror Plot 9/07

Births

★ 1187 - Louis VIII of France (d. 1226)

★ 1568 - Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian, philosopher, and poet (d. 1639)

★ 1621 - Juan Andrés Coloma, Spanish noble (d. 1694)

★ 1638 - Louis XIV of France (d. 1715)

★ 1667 - Giovanni Gerolamo Saccheri, Italian mathematician (d. 1733)

★ 1695 - Carl Gustaf Tessin, Swedish politician (d. 1770)

★ 1722 - Frederick Christian, Elector of Saxony (d. 1763)

★ 1725 - Jean-Étienne Montucla, French mathematician (d. 1799)

★ 1735 - Johann Christian Bach, German composer (d. 1782)

★ 1750 - Robert Fergusson, Scottish poet (d. 1774)

★ 1771 - Archduke Charles of Austria, Austrian general (d. 1847)

★ 1774 - Caspar David Friedrich, German artist (d. 1840)

★ 1775 - Juan Martín Díez, ''el Empecinado'' (the undaunted), Spanish guerrillero (d. 1825)

★ 1787 - François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist and geologist (d. 1850)

★ 1791 - Giacomo Meyerbeer, German composer (d. 1864)

★ 1792 - Pierre-Armand Dufrénoy, French geologist and mineralogist (d. 1857).

★ 1806 - Christophe Léon Louis Juchault de Lamoricière, French general (d. 1865)

★ 1807 - Richard Chenevix Trench, Irish Anglican clergyman and philologist (d. 1886)

★ 1809 - Manuel Montt Torres, President of Chile (d. 1880)

★ 1827 - Goffredo Mameli, Italian poet and writer (d. 1849)

★ 1836 - Justiniano Borgoño, President of Peru (d. 1921)

★ 1847 - Jesse James, American outlaw (d. 1882)

★ 1857 - Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, Russian rocket scientist and inventor (d. 1935)

★ 1867 - Amy Beach, American composer and pianist (d. 1944)

★ 1874 - Nap Lajoie, American baseball player (d. 1959)

★ 1876 - Wilhelm Ritter von Leeb, German field marshal (d. 1956)

★ 1876 - Abdelaziz Thâalbi, Tunisian politician. (d. 1944)

★ 1881 - Otto Bauer, Austrian Social Democratic politician (d. 1938)

★ 1888 - Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, second President of India (d. 1975)

★ 1892 - Joseph Szigeti, Hungarian violinist (d. 1973)

★ 1902 - Darryl F. Zanuck, American film producer and executive (d. 1979)

★ 1905 - Arthur Koestler, Hungarian writer (d. 1983)

★ 1905 - Maurice Challe French general (d. 1979), one of the leaders of the Algiers putsch in 1961.

★ 1908 - Gloria Holden, British actress (d. 1991)

★ 1912 - John Cage, American composer (d. 1992)

★ 1912 - Kristina Söderbaum, German actress and photographer (d. 2001)

★ 1912 - Frank Thomas, American animator (d. 2004)

★ 1914 - Nicanor Parra, Chilian poet and mathematician

★ 1916 - Frank Yerby, American novelist (d. 1991)

★ 1916 - Frank Shuster, Canadian comedian (Wayne and Shuster) (d. 2002)

★ 1918 - Luis Alcoriza, Mexican screenwriter, film director, and actor (d. 1992)

★ 1921 - Jack Valenti, American political advisor and film executive (d. 2007)

★ 1924 - Paul Dietzel, American college football coach

★ 1927 - Paul Volcker, American banker

★ 1929 - Bob Newhart, American actor and comedian

★ 1929 - Andrian Nikolayev, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 2004)

★ 1933 - Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa, Chilian catholic archbishop

★ 1934 - Carol Lawrence, American actress and singer

★ 1935 - Johnny Briggs MBE, English actor

★ 1936 - Bill Mazeroski, American baseball player

★ 1937 - Antonio Valentin Angelillo, Argentinian footballer

★ 1937 - Robert Lucas, American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics recipient

★ 1939 - William Devane, American actor

★ 1939 - George Lazenby, Australian actor

★ 1939 - Clay Regazzoni, Swiss racing driver (d. 2006)

★ 1940 - Raquel Welch, American actress

★ 1942 - Werner Herzog, German film director

★ 1942 - Eduardo Mata, Mexican conductor and composer (d. 1995)

★ 1942 - Denise Fabre French television presenter.

★ 1944 - Dario Bellezza, Italian poet, author and playwright (d. 1996)

★ 1945 - Al Stewart, Scottish singer and songwriter

★ 1946 - Freddie Mercury, Zanzibar-born singer and songwriter (Queen) (d. 1991)

★ 1946 - Loudon Wainwright III, American singer and composer

★ 1947 - Buddy Miles, American musician

★ 1948 - Benita Ferrero-Waldner, Austrian diplomat and politician

★ 1950 - Cathy Guisewite, American cartoonist

★ 1950 - Paul William Roberts, Canadian writer

★ 1951 - Paul Breitner, German footballer

★ 1951 - Patti McGuire, American model and television producer

★ 1951 - Michael Keaton, American actor

★ 1956 - Roine Stolt, Swedish guitarist (The Flower Kings)

★ 1957 - Peter Winnen, Dutch bicycle road athlete

★ 1961 - Marc-André Hamelin, Canadian pianist

★ 1962 - Peter Wingfield, Welsh actor

★ 1963 - Juan Alderete, American bassist (Racer X)

★ 1963 - Jeff Brantley, American baseball player

★ 1963 - Jonathan Phillips, English actor

★ 1963 - Taki Inoue, Japanese racing driver

★ 1963 - Kristian Alfonso, American actress

★ 1964 - Frank Farina, Australian footballer

★ 1965 - Chris Morris, English satirist

★ 1965 - David Brabham, Australian racing driver

★ 1965 - César Rincón, colombian matador

★ 1966 - Achero Mañas, Spanish actor and film director

★ 1966 - Milinko Pantić, retired Serbian footballer

★ 1967 - Jane Sixsmith, English field hockey player

★ 1968 - Brad Wilk, American musician (Audioslave, Rage Against the Machine)

★ 1969 - Dweezil Zappa, American musician

★ 1969 - Leonardo Nascimento de Araujo, Brazilian footballer

★ 1969 - Mark Ramprakash, English cricketer

★ 1970 - Steve Burton, American actor

★ 1970 - Liam Lynch, American musician (Sifl and Olly)

★ 1970 - Kim Hye-su, South Korean actress and model

★ 1973 - Rose McGowan, Italian-born actress

★ 1973 - Alexandra Kerry, daughter of American Senator John Kerry

★ 1973 - Paddy Considine, English actor

★ 1975 - Rod Barajas, American baseball player

★ 1975 - George Boateng, Dutch footballer

★ 1975 - Matt Geyer, Australian rugby league footballer

★ 1975 - Jamie Spaniolo, American horrorcore rapper

★ 1976 - Tatyana Gutsu, Ukrainian gymnast

★ 1976 - Carice van Houten, Dutch actress

★ 1977 - Minoru Fujita, Japanese professional wrestler

★ 1977 - Rosevelt Colvin, American football player

★ 1977 - Nazr Mohammed, American Basketball player

★ 1977 - Joseba Etxeberria, Spanish football winger

★ 1977 - Alexey Harkov, Russian bassist (Kipelov, Sergey Mavrin)

★ 1978 - Chris Jack, New Zealand rugby union footballer

★ 1978 - Laura Bertram, Canadian actress

★ 1978 - Zhang Zhong, Chinese chess player

★ 1979 - George O'Callaghan, Irish footballer

★ 1979 - John Carew, Norwegian footballer

★ 1980 - Franco Costanzo, Argentinian football goalkeeper

★ 1981 - Filippo Volandri, Italian tennis player

★ 1981 - Drew Carter, American football player

★ 1982 - Alexandre Geijo, Spanish/Swiss footballer

★ 1982 - Sondre Lerche, Norwegian musician

★ 1983 - Eugen Bopp, Ukrainian-German footballer

★ 1987 - Pierre Casiraghi, son of princess Caroline of Monaco

★ 1991 - Skandar Keynes, English actor

★ 1993 - Gage Golightly, American actress

Deaths

★ 1165 - Emperor Nijo of Japan (b. 1143)

★ 1201 - Constance, Duchess of Brittany (b. 1161)

★ 1235 - Henry I, Duke of Brabant (b. 1165)

★ 1607 - Pomponne de Bellièvre, chancellor of France (b. 1529)

★ 1629 - Domenico Allegri, Italian composer (b. c. 1585)

★ 1734 - Nicolas Bernier, French musician and composer (b. 1664)

★ 1786 - Jonas Hanway, English merchant, traveler, and philanthropist (b. 1712)

★ 1803 - Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and author (b. 1741)

★ 1803 - François Devienne, French composer (b. 1759)

★ 1808 - John Home, Scottish writer (b. 1722)

★ 1836 - Ferdinand Raimund, Austrian playwright (b. 1790)

★ 1838 - Charles Percier, French architect (b. 1764)

★ 1857 - Auguste Comte, French sociologist (b. 1798)

★ 1867 - Santiago Derqui, Argentinian politician (b. 1809)

★ 1876 - Manuel Blanco Encalada, first president of Chile (b. 1790)

★ 1877 - Crazy Horse, Lakota (Sioux) chief (b. 1849)

★ 1898 - Sarah Edmonds, Canadian nurse, soldier, and spy (b. 1841)

★ 1901 - Ignacij Klemenčič, Slovenian physicist (b. 1853)

★ 1902 - Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist and politician (b. 1821)

★ 1906 - Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist (b. 1844)

★ 1912 - Arthur MacArthur, Jr., U.S. Army general (b. 1845)

★ 1914 - Charles Péguy, French poet, essayist and editor (b. 1873)

★ 1917 - Marian Smoluchowski, Polish physicist (b. 1872)

★ 1920 - Robert Harron, American actor (b. 1893)

★ 1922 - Georgette Agutte, French painter (b. 1867)

★ 1926 - Karl Harrer, German journalist and politician, one of the founding members of the "Deutsche Arbeiterpartei", which would become the Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP) (b. 1890)

★ 1930 - Robert Means Thompson, American naval officer (b. 1849)

★ 1931 - John Thomson, football player who died in an accidental collision during a match (b. 1909)

★ 1932 - Francisco Acebal, Spanish novelist, playwright and journalist (b. 1866)

★ 1936 - Federico Borrell García, Spanish anarchist soldier during the Spanish Civil War (b. 1912)

★ 1936 - Gustave Kahn, French Symbolist poet and art critic (b.