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'Shahr-e Sokhte' or 'Shahr-i Sokhta' (Persian for "burnt city") is an archaeological site of a sizable Bronze Age urban settlement, associated with the Jiroft civilization. It is located in Sistan and Baluchistan, the southeastern part of Iran, on the bank of the Helmand River, near the Zahedan-Zabol road.
Covering an area of 151 hectares, Shahr-i Sokhta was one of the world’s largest cities at the dawn of the urban era. The settlement appeared around 3200 BCE. The city had four stages of civilization and was burnt down three times before being abandoned in 2100 BCE. The site was discovered in 1967 and has been continually excavated since the 1970s by Iranian and Italian archaeological teams; new discoveries are reported from time to time.[1]
★ In December 2006, archaeologists discovered the world's earliest artificial eyeball. [2] It has a hemispherical form and a diameter of just over 2.5 cm (1 inch). It consists of very light material, probably bitumen paste. The surface of the artificial eye is covered with a thin layer of gold, engraved with a central circle (representing the iris) and gol lines patterned like sun rays. On both sides of the eye are drilled tiny holes, through which a golden thread could hold the eyeball in place. Since microscopic research has shown that the eye socket showed clear imprints of the golden thread, the eyeball must have been worn during her lifetime. The woman with the artificial eye was 1.82 m tall (6 feet), much taller than the ordinary women of her time. She was aged between 25 and 30 and had a dark, exotic skin. Her Africanoid cranial structure point to an origin in the Arabian Peninsula. With her shiny golden eye, she must have been a striking figure, perhaps a soothsayer or oracle. The woman's skeleton has been dated to between 2900 and 2800 BCE. [3]
★ The oldest known backgammon, dice and caraway seeds, together with numerous metallurgical finds (e.g. slag and crucible pieces), are among the finds which have been unearthed by archaeological excavations from this site.[4]
★ Other objects found at the site include a human skull which indicates the practice of brain surgery and an earthen goblet depicting what archeologists consider to be the first animation.First Animation of the World Found In Burnt City, Iran, Persian Journal, 2004.
1. [1]
2. [2]
3. 5,000-Year-Old Artificial Eye Found on Iran-Afghan Border
4. [3]
★ 3rd Millennium BC Artificial Eyeball , CHN
★ Shahr-e Sukhteh, CHN
★ Zabolstan
★ Burnt City Inhabitants Used Teeth for Basket Weaving, CHN
★ World's Oldest Backgammon Set found at the Burnt City
| Contents |
| Site |
| Finds |
| References |
| External links |
Site
Covering an area of 151 hectares, Shahr-i Sokhta was one of the world’s largest cities at the dawn of the urban era. The settlement appeared around 3200 BCE. The city had four stages of civilization and was burnt down three times before being abandoned in 2100 BCE. The site was discovered in 1967 and has been continually excavated since the 1970s by Iranian and Italian archaeological teams; new discoveries are reported from time to time.[1]
Finds
★ In December 2006, archaeologists discovered the world's earliest artificial eyeball. [2] It has a hemispherical form and a diameter of just over 2.5 cm (1 inch). It consists of very light material, probably bitumen paste. The surface of the artificial eye is covered with a thin layer of gold, engraved with a central circle (representing the iris) and gol lines patterned like sun rays. On both sides of the eye are drilled tiny holes, through which a golden thread could hold the eyeball in place. Since microscopic research has shown that the eye socket showed clear imprints of the golden thread, the eyeball must have been worn during her lifetime. The woman with the artificial eye was 1.82 m tall (6 feet), much taller than the ordinary women of her time. She was aged between 25 and 30 and had a dark, exotic skin. Her Africanoid cranial structure point to an origin in the Arabian Peninsula. With her shiny golden eye, she must have been a striking figure, perhaps a soothsayer or oracle. The woman's skeleton has been dated to between 2900 and 2800 BCE. [3]
★ The oldest known backgammon, dice and caraway seeds, together with numerous metallurgical finds (e.g. slag and crucible pieces), are among the finds which have been unearthed by archaeological excavations from this site.[4]
★ Other objects found at the site include a human skull which indicates the practice of brain surgery and an earthen goblet depicting what archeologists consider to be the first animation.First Animation of the World Found In Burnt City, Iran, Persian Journal, 2004.
References
1. [1]
2. [2]
3. 5,000-Year-Old Artificial Eye Found on Iran-Afghan Border
4. [3]
External links
★ 3rd Millennium BC Artificial Eyeball , CHN
★ Shahr-e Sukhteh, CHN
★ Zabolstan
★ Burnt City Inhabitants Used Teeth for Basket Weaving, CHN
★ World's Oldest Backgammon Set found at the Burnt City
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