SHIP REPLICA

A 'ship replica' is a reconstruction of a no longer existing ship. Replicas can range from authentically reconstructed, fully seaworthy ships, to ships of modern construction that give an impression of a historic vessel. Some replicas may not even be seaworthy, but built for other educational or entertainment purposes.
The term "replica" in this context does not normally include scale models. The term museum ship is used for an old ship that has been preserved and converted into a museum open to the public.
A ship replica may also be a generic replica, one that represents a certain type of ship rather than a particular historic example, like the ''Kamper Kogge'', replicating the Cogs that were used extensively in Northern Europe by the Hanseatic League in the Middle Ages, but where there is little knowledge of specific ships.
Reasons to build a replica include historic research into shipbuilding, national pride, exposition at a museum or entertainment (e.g., for a TV series), and/or education programs for the unemployed. For example, see the project to build a replica of the Continental brigantine ''Andrew Doria''.^[1] Apart from building a genuine replica of the ship, sometimes the construction materials, tools and methods can also copied from the ships' original era, as is the case with the replica of the ''Batavia'' in Lelystad and the replica of ship of the line ''De Delft''^[2] in Rotterdam (Delfshaven).
Some generic type replicas such as Thor Heyerdahl's ''Ra II'', qualify as true replicas as these ships were built to investigate the craft and or culture of the original era. That they do not replicate a specific vessel is mainly because no details of such a specific vessel are available.
Some other ships that are modeled after ships of a certain type or era (and are in that sense replicas) do not quality as true replicas. Some ships maybe borderline cases such as the ''Kanrin Maru'', which is actually twice the size of the original, but built following the plans of the original.
Replicas can be temporary, cheap and very simple, such as the replica of a Viking ship that was burnt at the Leixlip Festival.
Notable historic type ships that are ''not'' replicas include:

★ ''Mircea'', which is an almost exact copy of the ''Gorch Fock''. The ''Mircea'' was built as a copy because the ''Gorch Fock'' was a very successful ship. Thus ''Mircea'' was not built as a replica per se, but as a copy for other reasons (i.e. to perform economically, in this case as a training vessel).

★ ''Stad Amsterdam'' also is not a true replica as this is a generic clipper type ship combining the best qualities of clippers of the past with modern materials and technologies.

★ USS ''Constitution'' (1795) is strictly speaking not a replica but the original vessel. However, every part of the ship, except the keel, has been replaced over time. This is a modern version of the philosopher's dilemma concerning replica versus original; known as the Ship of Theseus dilemma.
Another ambiguous case subject to the Ship of Theseus dilemma is the US Brig ''Niagara''. The original was sunk in 1820 for preservation, and the ship has been rebuilt three times since. The third reconstruction was considerably more extensive, and the only parts from the original which were retained are non-structural, leading many authorities to classify her as a replica, rather than a reconstructed original.

Contents

Notable ship replicas

Europe, Australia, America

Asia

Other

Other vessels

See also

References

External links

Notable ship replicas

Some 'sailing ship replicas' with their home port; and key information of the original (many articles are about the original ship):

Europe, Australia, America

Ship name	Type	Current porta	Current affiliation	Country	Original affiliation	Original built	Notable for	End	Remark
''Ra II''	Reed boat	Oslo, Norway	Bygdøy maritime museum		25 px	app. 4000BC	Ancient Egypt merchant. Heyerdahl crossed Atlantic in it	app. 2000BC	Class replica
''Olympias''	Trireme	Faliro, Greece	dama			app. 700BC	Main warship of ancient Greece	app. 400BC	Class replica
''Lisa von Lübeck''	Hanseatic cog	Lübeck, Germany				app. 1200	Main medieval merchant	app. 1500	Class replica
''Kamper Kogge''	Hanseatic cog	Kampen, the Netherlands				app. 1200	Main medieval merchant	app. 1500	Class replica
''Santa María''	Carrack	1)Palos de la Frontera, Spain 2)Columbus, Ohio, US 3)Edmonton, Canada 4)Funchal, Portugal				app. 1490	Columbus 1492 squadron	ran aground 1492	Several replicas, all based on conjectures
''Pinta''	Caravel	1)Palos de la Frontera, Spain 2)Bayona, Spain				app. 1490	Columbus 1492 squadron		Several replicas, all based on conjectures
''Niña''	Caravel	1)Palos de la Frontera, Spain 2)Grand Cayman, UK				app. 1490	Columbus 1492 squadron		Several replicas, all based on conjectures
''Matthew''		Bristol, UK			25 px	app. 1495	John Cabot's ship to America in 1497
''Victoria''	Carrack	Seville, Spain			25 px	app. 1515	Only survivor of Magellan's 1519-1522 travel		Achieved to survive the circumnavigation of the globe again in 2006.
''Real''	Galley	Barcelona, Spain			20 px	app. 1570	Flagship of Don John of Austria in the Battle of Lepanto
''Golden Hinde''	Tudor	London, UK			25 px	app. 1575	1577-1580 circumnavigation
''Duyfken''	East Indies Explorer	Perth, Australia			20 px	1595	discovery of Australia 1606	irreparable damage 1608
''Discovery''	Barque	Jamestown, USA			25 px	1602	first UK settlement, 1607
''Godspeed''	Brigantine	Jamestown, USA			25 px	app 1605	first UK settlement, 1607
''Susan Constant''	Merchant	Jamestown, USA			25 px	app 1605	first UK settlement, 1607
''Halve Maen''	Maine to Virginia Explorer	Albany, USA			20 px	app 1608	original explorer of what is now called the Hudson River, Henry Hudson, 1609
''Mayflower II''	Merchant	Plymouth, USA				app 1607?	Pilgrim ship 1620	dismantled 1623?
''Kalmar Nyckel''	Dutch Pinnace 280 tonne ship rigged	Kalmar Nyckel Foundation, USA			25 px	1625	Founded New Sweden colony at Fort Christina (Wilmington, Delaware, USA)	late 17th century	Charters, Daysails, Appearances
''Batavia''	East Indies Merchant	Lelystad, The Netherlands			20 px	1628	mutiny 1629	wrecked 1629
''Prins Willem''	East Indies Merchant	Den Helder, the Netherlands			20 px	1649		sank 1662
''Nonsuch''	Merchant	Winnipeg, Canada	Manitoba Museum		25 px	1650	First trading in Hudson Bay 1668-69	sank 1662
''De Zeven Provinciën''	Ship of the Line (80 guns)	Lelystad, the Netherlands			25 px	1665	Flagship of Michiel de Ruyter	decommissioned 1694	Under construction
''Götheborg''	East Indies Merchant	Gothenburg, Sweden			SOIC	app. 1740		sank 1745
''Amsterdam''	East Indies Merchant	Amsterdam, the Netherlands	Scheepvaart Museum		20 px	1749		grounded 1749
''Lady Washington''	Brig	Aberdeen, USA			Private Owner	app 1750	first US merchant to reach Japan	foundered 1798
''Jacobstads Wapen''	Galleon	Jakobstad, Finland			25 px	app. 1750
''Surprise''/''Rose''	Frigate	San Diego, USA	San Diego Maritime Museum		30 px	1757	1776 attack New York.	scuttled 1779	Renamed Surprise after movie
HMS ''Sultana''	Schooner	Chestertown, USA			30 px	1767	US colony coast patrol	auctioned 1772
''Endeavour''	Bark	Sydney, Australia			30 px	1768	Captain Cook's ship	unclear
''Santísima Trinidad''	Ship of the line (144 guns)	Málaga, Spain			20 px	1769	battles of Cape St Vincente & Trafalgar	sank 1805
''De Delft''[1]	Ship of the Line (54-60 guns)	Rotterdam, the Netherlands	Scheepswerf 'De Delft'		25 px	1783	Battle of Camperdown	sank 1797	Under Construction
''Bounty''	Bark	Sydney, Australia			30 px	1787	Mutiny 1789	burned 1790
''Grand Turk''	Frigate	Middlesex, UK			30 px	app. 1790			Generic Nelson age war ship replica used in Hornblower
''Lady Nelson''	Brig	Tasmania, Australia			30 px	1799	Explored Australian coastline	1825 capture by pirates
''Lynx''	Schooner	Newport Beach, USA			30 px	app 1810	UK blockade running privateer
''Pride of Baltimore II''	Topsail Schooner	Baltimore, USA			30 px	app 1812	UK blockade running privateer		Type replica
''Niagara''	Brig	Erie, Pennsylvania, USA	Erie Maritime Museum		30 px	1813	Battle of Lake Erie	Sunk for preservation 1820, rebuilt three times since	Sail training vessel and museum
''Amistad''	Schooner	New Haven, USA			private owner	app 1825	Involved in Slave trading incident 1839	unknown after 1844
''Enterprize''	Schooner	Melbourne, Australia			30 px	1829	Transported European settlers to Melbourne
''Pilgrim''	Brig	Dana Point, USA			Private owner	1825	1834 novel by Richard Henry Dana, Jr.	burned at sea 1856	Used in Amistad movie
''Dunbrody''	Barque	New Ross, Ireland			Private owner	1845	Famine Ship	Grounded 1875, Labrador	A Famine History Museum
''Jeanie Johnston''	Barque	Dublin, Ireland			Private owner	1847	Famine Ship		Sail Training vessel, a Famine History Museum and a Corporate Entertainment venue
''Californian''	Schooner	San Diego, USA			30 px		patrolled Californian coast app. 1850		based on C.W. Lawrence
''Bluenose II''	Schooner	Lunenburg, Canada				1921	Winning Racing Schooner	grounded 1946	Fundraising for Bluenose III

^a If more than one replica is made the home port of the different current ports are given in a numbered list

Asia

★ SS ''Bandırma''; Turkish passenger cargo vessel

★ ''Kanrin Maru''; Minami Awaji harbour, Japan; a double-size replica of a Japanese warship

★ Namihaya; Osaka Maritime Museum, Japan; 5th Century Japanese ship replica

★ ''San Juan Bautista''; Ishinomaki, Japan; a Japanese warship

★ Turtle ship; a generic replica of a Korean ship

★ Michinoku Maru; Michinoku Traditional Wooden Boat Museum, Japan; 18th century Japanese trade ship (Kitamae Bune) replica

Other

★ ''Bounty''; two replicas of this ship have been built for films about the famous mutiny.

★ ''Hokule'a''; Honolulu, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.

★ ''Makali'i''; Kawaihae, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.

★ ''Alingano Maisu''; Kawaihae, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.

★ ''Hokualakai''; Hilo, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.

★ ''Iosepa''; Honolulu, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.

★ ''Hawaiiloa''; Honolulu, Hawaii; an ancient Hawaiian vessel.

★ ''Te Aurere''; Auckland, New Zealand; an ancient Maori vessel.

★ ''Aotearoa One''; Auckland, New Zealand; an ancient Maori vessel.

★ ''Te Au O Tonga''; Rarotonga, Cook Islands; an ancient Polynesian vessel.

★ ''Takitumu''; Rarotonga, Cook Islands; an ancient Polynesian vessel.

★ ''Tahiti Nui''; Tahiti, French Polynesia; an ancient Polynesian vessel, formerly named "Hawaiki Nui".

Other vessels

★ ''Ictineu II''; Barcelona, Spain; a replica of the first mechanically powered steam driven submarine.

★ The Hjortspring Boat^[3] is replica of a Danish Iron Age rowing boat.
At the Viking Ship Museum in Roskilde, replicas of Viking ships are built.

See also

★ Experimental archaeology

★ List of museum ships

★ Replica

★ Ship of Theseus

References

1. http://www.andrewdoria.org
2. http://www.dedelft.nl/
3. http://home6.inet.tele.dk/hjortspr/

External links

★ pages.zoom.co.uk/leveridge/replicas.html An overview of ship replicas all over the world

★ Replica of Captain Cook's ship, Whitby